2020年高考英语词汇语法专题4:代词易错点解题方法(含答案解析)
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专题04 代词易错点解题方法(二)
指示代词
英语中把用来表示"这个、那个、这些、那些"等指示概念的代词称为指示代词。
常见的指示代词有:this 这个 that 那个these 这些those 那些such 如此的same 相同的
疑问代词:疑问代词是指用来构成特殊疑问句的代词。
疑问代词有:what which who whom whose 。
疑问代词通常位于句首, 并在句子中担任一定的句子成分。
以疑问代词引导的间接疑问句可在复合句中当主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。
疑问代词本身在从句中又担任一定的句子成分。
不定代词:不是指明代替任何特定名词(或形容词)的代词叫做不定代词。
关键在练,我们来看例句:
11. Tell _______ you like — it makes no difference to me.
A. anyone
B. who
C. whoever
D. what
【答案】C.
【解析】容易从中文字面来理解而误选A或B。
最佳答案选C。
但若将A, B两项合起来,即用anyone who这样的形式则也可以。
选C,whoever 引导一个宾语从句,用作动词tell的宾语。
同样地,请看以下类似试题:
(1) _____ comes is welcome.
A. Anyone
B. Who
C. Anyone who
D. Everyone
【答案】C.
【解析】此题很容易误选A,因为从汉语意思来分析,可理解为“任何人来都欢迎”,但若选A,此句的结构是混乱的,句中有两个谓语动词comes 和is,但却只是一个句子。
此题应选C,anyone 是句子主语,who comes 是修饰anyone 的定语从句。
(2) _____ comes to see me, tell him I’m out.
A. Anyone
B. Who
C. Whoever
D. Everyone
【答案】C.
【解析】此题很容易按汉语意思误选A,其实应选C。
whoever 引导的是让步状语从句,相当于no matter who。
(3)Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests.
A. anyone
B. whomever
C. whoever
D. no matter who
【答案】C.
【解析】此题不能选A,假若选A,应在其后加上who,即用anyone who;也不能选B,一是因为空格处应填一个
作主语的词(因为其后有谓语动词shares),二是因为在现代英语中whomever 这个词已基本废除(也就是说,在现代英语中whoever 既用作主语,也用作宾语,如:Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁);也不能选D,因为no matter who只用于引导让步状语从句,不用于引导名词性从句。
此题正确答案为C,whoever 在此相当于anyone who。
比较下例,(注意句意):
It was a matter of _____ would take the position.
A. who
B. whoever
C. whom
D. whomever
【答案】A.
【解析】答案应选A,而不是B、C或D,注意句意.
12. The teacher told us that the problem was not _____ easy and that we should think _____ over carefully.
A. such, it
B. that, it
C. such, 不填
D. that,不填
【答案】B.
【解析】容易根据汉语字面意思误选C。
最佳答案选B。
第一空填that,that 用作副词,相当于so,又如:Is it always that hot? 总那么热吗?(其中的that hot 可以换成so hot,但不能换成such hot)
I can only tell you that much. 我只能告诉你这么多。
(其中的that much 可以换成so much,但不能换成such much).
注意第一空不能填such,因为such 不用作副词,即它不用于修饰形容词。
另外,汉语中说“好好想一想”,通常可以不带宾语,但英语中的think over 是及物动词,如果用它来表示“好好想一想”,应根据上下文的语境让它带上适当的宾语,所以本题应用think it over,相当于think the problem over。
13. The camera isn’t good enough; I want to change ______.
A. another
B. a good one
C. it with another
D. it for another
【答案】D.
【解析】容易根据汉语字面意思误选A、B。
此题最佳答案为D。
英语中的change sth 表示的是“换某物”,sth 是被换的东西,而change sth for sth else 表示的才是“用某物换另一物”。
比较:
That coat was too large and I had to change it. 那件外套太大了,我得去换一件。
That coat was too large and I had to change it for a smaller one. 那件外套太大了,我得去换一件小一点的。
14. I agree with most of what you said, bu t I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything
B. anything
C. something
D. nothing
【答案】A.
【解析】此题容易误选B,生搬硬套不定代词用法规则:something 用于肯定句,anything 用于否定句或疑问句。
其实此题应选A,注意前文的I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容),其后的not 与everything 构成部分否定,意为“不是所有的都同意”,前后两部分用转折连词but 连接,语气通顺、连贯。
请看一个类似的例子:
______ likes money, but money is not ______.
A. Everyone, everything
B. Anyone, anything
C. Someone, nothing
D. Nobody, everything
【答案】A.
【解析】最佳答案选A,句意为“大家都喜欢钱,但钱不是万能的”。
15. “Is there ______ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”
A. anybody
B. everybody
C. somebody
D. nobody
【答案】B.
【解析】此题容易误选A。
认为这是一般疑问句,要用anybody。
其实此题应选B,主要与上下文的语境有关。
全文语境为:“大家都到齐了吗?”“没有,Bob 和Tim 两人请假了。
”
假若我们将此题作如下变换,则情形就会有所不同:
“Is there ______ here?” “Yes, I’m upstairs. Please come and help me.”
A. anybody
B. everybody
C. somebody
D. nobody
【答案】A.
【解析】此题的最佳答案应是A,而不是B。
请再看一例:
“Do you have _____ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”
A. something
B. anything
C. everything
D. nothing
【答案】C.
【解析】答案选C,句意为“玛丽,现在家里东西都准备齐了吗?”“还没有,我们还要买些水果和茶。
”
16. “If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
D. everything
【答案】B.
【解析】【陷阱】此题容易误选A,机械地套用以下规则:something 用于肯定句,anything 用于否定句或疑问句。
当然以上规则在通常情况下是有效的,但此句不属通常用法。
此题的最佳答案应是B,something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”,而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”,即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于the thing)。
同样地,下面几题的最佳答案也是something,而不是anything.
(1) It’s not _____ that we want to talk about; let’s change the subject.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
D. everything
(2) It’s not _____ I enjoy; I do it purely out of a sense of duty.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
D. everything
(3) Self-control is not _____ that comes with your birth.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
D. everything
(4) This is not _____ that would disturb me anyway.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
D. everything
17. Some say one thing, but _____.
A. other, another
B. others, another
C. others, the other
D. the others, others
【答案】B.
【解析】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
最佳答案选B。
but others another 为but others say another 之省略。
在并列句中,若后面分句与前面分句有相同的词,常把后一分句中的相同部分给省略掉,以避免重复。
如:One soldier was killed and another wounded. 有一名士兵被打死,另一名被打伤。
(wounded 前省略了was)
I work in a factory and my brother on a farm. 我在工厂工作,我弟弟在农场工作。
(on a farm 前省略了works)
My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼,他的房间在四楼。
(on the third 前省略了is)
18. He is a hard-working student, _____ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses.
A. that
B. he
C. one
D. which
【答案】C.
【解析】【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
此题答案选C,one 相当于 a student。
做同位语后代定语从句。
类似地,以下各题也选one,它们分别相当于a table, a break, a question, a Mexican carpet, a moment.做同位语.
(1) A table made of steel costs more than ____ made of wood.
A. one
B. it
C. those
D. which
(2)“Why don’t we take a little break?” “Didn’t we just have _____?”
A. it
B. that
C. one
D. this
(3) The question is _____ of great importance.
A. that
B. it
C. one
D. what
(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she can’t afford to buy ______.
A. one
B. it
C. them
D. the one
(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure.
A. that
B. one
C. it
D. what
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
14. Oh, how beautiful it is! I like _____ better.
A. everything
B. anything
C. nothing
D. something
【答案】C.
【解析】此题答案选C,I like nothing better 相当于It’s the best thing I like。
15. Do you know _______ friends are coming to our party?
A. whose else’s
B. who’s else
C. whose else
D. who else’s
【答案】D.
【解析】此题答案选D。
else 可放在who, what, where, how, why 等疑问词之后,但习惯上不放在which之后,而且在一般情况下也不用在whose后,遇此情况可用who else’s,如:
Who else’s fault could it be? 这会是其他什么人的错吗?
但是,若其后不修饰名词,有时也可用whose else。
如:
Whose else could it be? 这会是其他什么人的吗?
16. _______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone
B. The person
C. Whoever
D. No matter who
【答案】C.
【解析】此题答案选C。
其余三者均不能引导主语从句。
whoever 在此相当于anyone who。
17. Jane hopes to become a friend of _______ shares her interests.
A. whomever
B. anyone
C. whoever
D. no matter who
【答案】C.
【解析】此题答案选C。
whoever shares her interests用作介词of的宾语,同时whoever又用作谓语动词shares的语。
18. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr and Mrs Smith without hurting the feeling of _______, but failed.
A. none
B. either
C. all
D. neither
【答案】B.
【解析】此题答案选B。
由于句中谈到的是Mr and Mrs Smith,即谈的是两者,故排除选项A和C,因为none 和all 均用于指三者。
又因为空格前有否定介词without,故空格处填either, 不用neither。
19. —Here are the best styles of the clothes. Which one do you like?
— _______. They are not so nice as I expected.
A.Neither
B. All
C. Nothing
D. None
【答案】D.
【解析】此题答案选D。
none 可视为I like none of them 之省略。
从下文的语境看,空格处只能填空一个表否定意义的词。
据此首先排除B;虽然A、C、D均表否定意义,但neither 与前面的best(既然使用最高级,说明有三者或多者在作比较)不吻合;而nothing 表示“什么也没有”,不合语境。
20. Mr Ascot, headmaster of the school, refused to accept ______of the three suggestions made by the Students’ Union.
A. either
B. neither
C. any
D. none
【答案】C.
【解析】此题答案选C。
none 和neither 表否定,与句中的refused to acept这一语境不符。
在either 与any 两个选项中,either 指两者,与句中的three suggestions 不符。
故只能选any,指三者中的任意一个。
21. “There’s coffee and tea; you can have _______.” “Thanks.”
A. either
B. each
C. one
D. it
【答案】A.
【解析】此题答案选A。
比较四个选项:either 指两者中的“任意一个”,each 指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”,one 用来替代“a / an +单数可数名词”,it 替代“the +单数名词”。
22. “When shall we meet again?” “Make it _______day you like; it’s all the same to me.”
A. one
B. any
C. another
D. some
【答案】B.
【解析】此题答案选B。
根据下文的it’s all the same to me(对我都一样)可知,选any 最合语境。
23. “Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.” “Why ______? John is sitting there doing nothing.”
A. him
B. he
C. I
D. me
【答案】D.
【解析】此题答案选D。
Why me? 可视为Why do you ask me to go and join? 之省略。
另外,me 还通常在简略回答中用作主语。
如:Me too.(我也一样。
)。