著名空间计量学家Anselin关于空间统计分析的PPT

spatial regression
• visual, interactive, user-friendly • path from geo-visualization, EDA and ESDA to • aimed at non (or not yet) GIS users
Motivation
Copyright © 2005 by Luc Anselin, All Rights Reserved
Spatial Social Science
• Growing Interest in Space, Spatiality and • Some Sample Concepts
Resources for Spatial Social Science
Copyright © 2005 by Luc Anselin, All Rights Reserved
CSISS
• Center for Spatially Integrated Social
• NSF Infrastructure Project 1999-2004 • headquartered at UC Santa Barbara • Software Tools Program at UIUC, Anselin PI • promote spatial thinking and spatial analysis in
Copyright © 2005 by Luc Anselin, All Rights Reserved
Milwaukee, WI Spatial Autocorrelation of Redistributed African American %
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Copyright © 2005 by Luc Anselin, All Rights Reserved
GeoDa and OpenGeoDa
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GeoDa Concept
• An Introduction to Spatial Data Analysis
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Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis - ESDA
• EDA + • Describe Spatial Distributions • spatial trends • Identify Atypical Observations • spatial outliers • Discover Patterns of Spatial Association • spatial clusters • Suggest Spatial Regimes
social science
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Science
• Mission
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CSISS Tools Project
Mapping and Analysis for Spatial Social Science
Luc Anselin
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign http://sal.uiuc.edu/
Copyright © 2005 by Luc Anselin, All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 2005 by Luc Anselin, All Rights Reserved
will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes”
• Geographic Information Systems
manipulation
• distance and accessibility measures
• from unix workstation to desktop • affordable and transparent spatial data
Components of Spatial Analysis
• Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis • Visualization
• finding interesting patterns
• Spatial Modeling
• showing interesting patterns • explaining interesting patterns
analytical methods to spatial (geographic) data
Locational Invariance
• Spatial Analysis has NO Locational
Invariance
• the results change when the locations of the
Copyright © 2005 by Luc Anselin, All Rights Reserved
Milwaukee, WI A-spatial Distribution of African American %
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• Products
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Copyright © 2005 by Luc Anselin, All Rights Reserved
Milwaukee, WI Spatial Distribution of African American %
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Milwaukee, WI Random Redistribution of African American %
Milwaukee, WI A-spatial Distribution of Randomized African American %
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Milwaukee, WI Spatial Autocorrelation of African American %
• sociology: “Chicago School” • economics: social and spatial interaction • context, neighborhood effects • spatial externalities • interacting agents
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GIS as Tools
• Burrough: • GISes
• “set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving at • information systems
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Methods
Spatial Modeling
• Spatial Regression Analysis • Spatial Dependence • Spatial Heterogeneity
• Goals
• facilitate dissemination of spatial analysis software tools to social scientists • develop a library of spatial data analysis modules • develop prototypes implementing state of the art methods • initiate and nurture a community • GeoDa • PySAL and PySpace
• correlation between nearby locations • no randomness • structural change across space
• Standard Methodology does NOT Apply
Copyright © 2005 by Luc Anselin, All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 2005 by Luc Anselin, All Rights Reserved
Geovisualization
• Beyond Mapping • Combining Map and Scientific Visualization • Statistical Maps
• exploit human pattern recognition • innovative map devices • cartogram, conditional map, map animation
Outline
• Motivation • Spatial Analysis • Resources for Spatial Social Science • GeoDa and OpenGeoDa
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• cross-百度文库isciplinary
Spatial Analysis
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Dr. Snow Map of Cholera
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What is Spatial Analysis
• From Data to Information • Beyond Mapping
• not only spatial statistics
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• added value • transformations, manipulations and application of
GIScience
• Goodchild:
• “generic scientific questions pertaining to
geographic data”
• Central Role for Spatial Analysis
Copyright © 2005 by Luc Anselin, All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 2005 by Luc Anselin, All Rights Reserved
Spatial Interaction
Spatial Data
• Spatial Data in Empirical Social Science
• georeferenced data
•
addresses, lat-lon (GPS surveys)
study objects change
• Examples
• where matters • median center, spatial cluster, spatial
autocorrelation
Copyright © 2005 by Luc Anselin, All Rights Reserved