初中英语句子成分分析课件(共70张PPT)

一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示： 名词 ） 1. The sun rises in the east. （ 代词 2. He likes dancing. （ ） 3. Two will be enough.( 数词 ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ 动名词 ） 6. To see is to believe. （不定式 ） 7. What he needs is a book. （ 从句 ） 8. It is very clear that the elephant is tall like a tree. （ ） It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语
谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由
实义动词或系动词 ______ 充当.
动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.
• • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English. She seems tired.
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语、介词之 后．
宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在 及物动词 或_______ _________ 介词 后面.
1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there. 3.He is looking at the dog. △双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.
三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示： 1. It’s a red car.( 形容词 ) 2.They live in the room above.( 副词 ) 3.My brother is a teacher.( 代词 ) 4.We belong to the third world.( 数词 ) 5. Lucy’s father is a poor worker.( 名词所有格 ) 6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.( 名词 ) 7.The man under the tree is my teacher.( 介词短语 ) 8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( 现在分词 )
主语在哪里
Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
Seeing is believing.（眼见为实）
谓 语
说明主语“做什么” 或“怎 么样”, 谓语通常是动词。 He has a bad cold. We love China. 主谓要一致
动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词. 情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须 和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.
△
They can speak English well. They are playing over there.
谓语在哪里
They enjoyed playing computer games. He looked after two boys.
She is a beautiful girl.
句子成分(2) 定状补 表
表 语
说明主语“是什么”, “怎么样” 位于系动词 之后
Her mother is a bank clerk.
The food tastes delicious.
表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词， 副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．
wk.baidu.com
宾语在哪里
You must pay good attention to A B your pronunciation. C D
My brother hasn’t done his homework. A B C
D
Summary
1 主语 “什么人”或“什么事”
2 谓语 “做….” 或“怎么样” 3 宾语 动作行为”做”的对象
找出表语
Every thing looks nice. His face turned red.
He is happy.
定 语
修饰名词或代词
What’s your name? She’s a good basketball player.
The girl with long hair is my sister.
look after照顾
We have finished reading this book.
They can speak English well.
宾 语
表示动作, 行为的对象 说明主语“做了什么” （所做的事） Can I ask some questions? He is looking at the dog.
形式主语
不定式、从句等作主语 时，为避头重脚轻，常 用it作形式主语置句首。
It is important to learn English well .
It is clear that the sun is bigger than the earth.
你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?翻译 1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 说谎是错误的。 2) He is clever a lot. 3) It is getting clod 4) It is easy for me to play the piano. 5) The teacher is kind to us.
He always kept silent at meeting.
系动词
感官系动词 主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。
This flower smells very sweet.
变化系动词 表示主语变化，主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come等。
句子成分(1) 主 谓 宾
主 语
表示句子所说的是 “什么人”或“什么事物” Gina is from Australia.
She often goes to the movies. Doing the work is hard for him.
What he needs is a book.
主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语 句首 。 一般位于______
间接宾语 直接宾语
双宾语 He gave
常跟双宾语的词 give , buy,
teach
.
Tom teaches 人是间接宾语 物是直接宾语
二、宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：
1.She lived a happy life.( 名词 ) 2.I love you.( 代词 ) 3.We need two.( 数词) 4.Do you mind my opening the door?( 动名词) 5.He began to learn English a year ago.(不定式 ) 6.He did not know what to say.( 疑问词+不定式 ) 7.Did you write down what she said? ( 从句 ) 8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.
He became mad after that.
表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示： 1. He is a teacher. ( 名词) 2. My idea is this.( 代词 ) 3. To see is to believe.( 不定式 ) 4. I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) 形容词/副词 5. He is out of danger.( 介词短语) 6. The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( ) 分词 7. What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( 从句 )
表语：跟在系动词 后面的词语或从句,用来说 明主语的身份,特征,状态.
The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful .
系动词
状态系动词 表示主语状态、身份等，主 要有be（is am are）
I am hungry.
持续系动词 表示主语继续或保持一种状 况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay等。
I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is !
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句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 英语的基本成分有七种：主语 （subject）、谓语（predicate）、表 语（predicative）、宾语（object）、 定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、 补语（complement）。
谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语
宾语 补足语
形容词，名词，介词 短语等
She always keeps the house clean.
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！
——取得英语语法成功的基石
什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达 一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须 大写，结尾要有？． ！ 主语和谓语是一句子中不可缺少的成分.
句子成分详解表
句子成分 主语 意义 表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 表示动作行为的对象 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征 用来修饰名词或代词 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 充当词类 名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子 动词或动词词组 同主语 同主语 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 副词，介词短语或句 子 例句 We study in HuangQiao Middle School. She is dancing under the tree. Both of us like English. Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. We have eight lessons every day. He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.
五、定语
名词和代词 定语：用来修饰_____ .
This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the door is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.
1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.
4.Playing football after school is great fun.
• 在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在 be动词之后。 • 如： • There are some bottles of milk in the box. • There is a duck in the lake.