分词作状语学生ppt课件

解题方法
通过句意或句子间的关系来判断状语部分（确 定使用分词的部分）；分词在句中可以作表示 时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随、方式 等关系的状语；
使用分词前务必判断分词动作与主句主语之间 是否存在主被动关系；
通过判断分词动作与主句主语的主被动关系， 和判断分词动作与主语谓语动作发生时间的先 后或同时关系，来选择恰当的分词形式；
e.g. Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
1. _C_o_m__p_a_r_e_d_ (compare) with the developed countries, some African countries are left far behind in terms of people’s living standard.
切记：用作状语关系的分词只有以下四种形 式——doing, done, having done, having been done。
一些惯用分词结构
背下来
generally speaking strictly speaking roughly speaking broadly speaking narrowly speaking frankly/ honestly speaking
e.g. Attracted by the salesman, I walked to her.
(When) Taught by the salesman how to use it, suddenly I found my bag was open and my wallet was missing.
2. When you are being talked to, you should look into the eyes of the person.
(When) talked to, you should look into the eyes of the person.
总结
1. 分词或分词短语作状语，可以表示时间、原 因、条件、让步，结果，方式或伴随状况等。
Unit One --- Structure
The Participle as an adverbial
分词作状语
(2) having done:分词表达的动作与主句主语 成主动关系,并且发生在主句谓语动词表达的 动作之前(两动作之间有明显的时间间隔）， 或者其本来就是完成时形式。
e.g. Having stood there for near an hour, I couldn’t buy it without money.
(3) having been done:分词表达的动作与主 句主语成被动关系,并且发生在主句谓语动词 表达的动作之前(两动作之间有明显的时间间 隔）， 或者其本来就是完成时形式。
e.g. Having been told to be careful many times before, I forgot it that day.
2. 分词或分词短语作状语时， 分词必须与主 句主语有主动或被动的关系；否则，不能将表 示时间、原因、条件、让步，结果，方式或伴 随等含义的动词转换成分词结构。
3. 如果分词短语作表示时间、条件、让步状语 时，分词短语前有时可带when，while， where，as if， even if， although， once， unless， until等连接词。
一般说来 严格说来 大致说来 广义上说 狭义上说 坦白说，老实说
judging from / by
由……判断
considering
考虑到……
allowing for
考虑到……
talking / speaking of
提到……
providing / provided
如果……
weather/time/condition天气/时间 条件允许的话
(Once) Having made a promise, you should keep it.
Not having received his letter, she decided to write again.
Fra Baidu bibliotek
Although _h_a_v_i_ng__g_r_a_d_u_a_t_e_d_ (graduate) from the college for many years, he didn’t stop studying.
D. Not been watered
窍门
使用having done或having been done的 分词结构部分常会出现一些用于表示过去 或完成的时间状语，例如：before, already, for a long time, many times等。
(4) done: 分词表达的动作与主句主语成被动 关系，并且发生在主句谓语动词表达的动作之 前或同时发生。
Having been given more time, I would have done it better.
______ for a long time, the flower is almost
dying.
A. Having not watered
B. Not watering
C. Not having been watered