常见矿石取样、制样标准方法
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
常见矿石取样、制样标准方法
前言第一章铝矿石取样、制样标准方法
第二章散装红土镍矿取样、制样、检验方法第三章铁选矿原、精、尾矿取制样方法第四章
地堪矿石的采样方法和采样规格
前 言
SGSCIQCCIC第一章
铝矿石取样、制样标准方法
1 适用范围
2 引用标准
3 验明取样交货批或取样单元及其质量。
4 确定样品的用途及其所要检验的品质特性项目。
5 根据最大粒度决定份样量及所需取样工具的容量。
目前进出口商检主要的商检机构如下:
是国际最知名的商品检验和认证机构,总部在瑞士,在很多国家和地区都有分支机构,很多外贸业务中都会将SGS的检验作为最终检验结果。
是中国出入境检验检疫局的简称,即国家商检局,是中国的法定和权威检验机构,进出口业务中所有法定检验的商品都必须通过CIQ的检验。
中国检验认证有限公司的简称,它与CIQ有紧密联系,但又是独立的检验机构,在中国颇具权威性,在国外也有分支机构,不过有时候外国客商只认SGS。
本标准适用于散装铝土矿石化学成分、粒度、水分及体积密度样品的采取和制备。
GB 2007.1 散装矿产品取样、制样通则GB 2007.2 散装矿产品取样、制样通则
GB 2007.3 散装矿产品取样、制样通则 评定品质波动试验方法。
GB 2007.4 散装矿产品取样、制样通则。
精密度校核试验方法。
3.1当交货批量Q大于标准规定的最大批量时,按一定质量分成几个单元,单独取样,分别制样测定,取样单元计算如下:
U=
式中:Q --------交货批量。
t。
用于品质波动和精密度实验及其化学成份、粒度、水份的测定。
5.1份样数:系统取样法应取的最少份样数及精密度(以Al2O3%计)见下表1;5.2表1中的Sw表示取样批、单元或层内份样间品质波动标准偏差。
份样间标准偏差Sw的计算
成对测定值的极差R:
R=|A―B|
-------------------------------------------------------(1)
5000
Q
式中:A——由副样A制备的试样所得的测定值; B——由副样B制备的试样所得的测定值。
极差平均值:
=
∑
R------------------------------------------------------ ---------(2)式中:Κ——R值的数目。
每队测定值的平均值=(A+
B)--------------------------------------------------------(3)
份样间标准偏差估计值w:
w=
--------------------------------------------------------------------------(4)
式中:——组成副样A和B的份样数;
——有极差估计标准偏差的计算系数,成对数据时,
=0.8865。
从公式(4)所得份样间标准偏差w,实为取样、缩分、测定的总标准偏差,是过高估计的w。
但在确定品质波动大小的类型时,一般可按该值划分。
当试样缩分标准和测定标准偏差已知,并且≥4时,用公式(5)计算w:
w=
-------------------------------------------------------------------(5
)
4.4.4 结果的计算
按方法1、2从一系列试验所得份样间标准偏差估计值的平均值w以公式(6)计算:
---------------------------------------------------------------------
R R
K
X S S
R ns d h d d S S D S M S ns S S
D M R ns S S d S W W
S S h
1
1
2
22
2
1222
2()2
1∧
∧
∧
∧
∧
∧
−+
∧
=
∑·
-----------------(6)式中:
-----w的数目,即试验次数。
5.3份样量
根据最大粒度确定每个份样应取的最小质量(见表3)所取的每个份样量应大致相等,其变异系数不得超过20%。
当份样量的>20%时,应单独制样测定,或在适当的制样阶段,当缩分的份样质量大致相等时,再合并成副样或大样。
变异系数:以标准偏差除以平均值的百分率表示。
(%)=
×100
h S cv cv cv cv s x
∧
5.4 取样工具a:尖头钢锹;b:取样铲;(如下图所示)c:钢锤;
d:带盖盛样桶或内衬塑料薄膜的盛样袋;
6.1 矿石品质波动大小,根据一系列试验得到的标准偏差值,划分为大、中、小三个类型。
6.1.1方法一:
有一个大交货批矿石求份样间标准偏差时,可将该矿石分成数量相等的至少十部分,按图1和例1所示的方法,把从每部分取的份样合成一对副样。
以一批矿石分成十部分为例
6 确定交货批的品质波动类型及达到规定取样精密度所需份样个数。
6.1.2 方法二
有几个小批量求份样间标准偏差时,可将品质基本相同、数量大致相等的几批,共分成数量大致相等的至少十个部分,按图1(2)和例2所示的方法,将从每部分取得份样合成一对副样。
6.1.3方法三
对经常发运的矿石,此种情况可按图1(3)和例3所示的方法,将若干个类型相同、数量大致相等的批每批合成一对副样。
6.1.4方法四
如果是货车装载矿石,根据取样方案需从每个车中取出份样时,按图1(4)所示,把每列车的份样合成一对副样。
6.2试验次数
按方法1、方法2做试验时,至少要进行5次独立实验。
按方法3、方法4做试验时,至少要进行10次独立实验。
注:实验次数少时,不能得到精确的Sw值。
7.1份样数:系统取样法试验时,按有关标准规定的份样取样,如取的份样不能组成足够的成对副样时,应相应的增加份样数。
在一批散装矿石装卸、加工或衡量的移动过程中,按一定的质量或时间间隔取份样、份样间的间隔可根据表1规定的份样和实际批量按公式(3)计算:
T≤或≤
---------------------------------------------------------------------
7 份样数和副样数的组成
Q n T Q
Gn
′60
----(3)式中:
T——取样质量间隔,t;Q——批量,t
n——表1规定的份样数;——取样时间间隔,min;
G——每小时装卸量,。
取第一个份样时,可在第一间隔内随机确定,但不可在第一间隔的起点开始,以后继续的份样按计算的间隔取,取样的间隔不得大于计算的间隔。
如按固定间隔应取份样书已经取完,而矿石的装卸、加工或衡量尚在进行,扔应按原定间隔继续取份样,直至整批移动完毕为止。
所取份样的粒度比例应符合取样间隔或取样部位的粒度的大致比例,所得打样的粒度比例应与整批矿石的粒度分布大致相等。
7.2副样的组成
副样应依下列步骤组成:
a:把所取的份样按顺序连续编号;
b: 将每一部分奇数份样组成副样A,偶数份样组成副样B,构成一对副样。
c: 每次试验至少要组成十对副样。
按方法1、方法2做试验时,至少要进行5次独立实验。
按方法3、方法4做试验时,至少要进行10次独立实验。
注:实验次数少时,不能得到精确的Sw值。
9.1试验所需份样数为有关标准规定份样数的两倍。
如果试验结合日常工作行,常规取样份样数为n,则试验时增加为2n。
将全部奇数份样集合为一个大样A,全部偶数份样集合为一个大样B,如果取2n个份样有困难,也可按常规的n个份样取,交错地放入A、B两个大样,每个大样包含有n/2个份样。
9.2精密度校核试验方法9.2.1 样品缩分方式
根据需要按照下列三种方式的任一种进行。
T t h
′8 试验次数
9 取样精密度所需份样个数
9.2.1.1方式1
a:将大样A和B分别制备成两对成份分析样品A1、A2和B1、B2。
b:对四个成分分析样品各进行一对测定。
获得X111、X112、X121、X122、X211、X212、X221、X222、8个测定结果。
采用方式1可分别获得取样精密度、缩分精密度和测定精密度。
9.2.1.2方式2
a:将大样A制备成A1、A2两个成分分析样品,大样B制备成一个成分分析样品B。
b:对成分分析样品A1进行一对测定,获得X1、X2两个测定结果,成分分析样品A2和B分别进行单个测定,获得X3和X4两个测定结果。
采用方式2也可分别获得取样精密度、缩分精密度和测定精密度,但缩分精密度和测定精密度的估计值较方式1稍差。
9.2.1.3方式3
将大样A和B分别制备成份分析样品A和B,每个成份分析样品进行单个测定获得两个测定结果X1和X2。
采用方式3仅能获得取样精密度、缩分精密度和测定精密度的估计值。
实验数据解析(采用95%概率)
实验数据解析按所选用的缩分方式进行,与取样方法无关。
方式1
算出每个成分分析样品双试验测定结果平均值()和极差(R
1
):
=(X
111
+
X
112)------------------------------------------------------ ---------
11
11
1
2
X
X
-----(1)
R1=|Xij1-Xij2|
------------------------------------------------------------(2)式中:i——批的A和B的成对大样;
j——大样A和B的成对成分分析样品;1、2——成份分析样品的双试验测定结果。
算出成对成分分析样品A1、A2和B1、B2的平均值()和极差(R2)
、
=
(+)
----------------------------------------------------------------------(3)
R2﹦|
—
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------(4)
算出A和B的平均值()和极差(R3):
=
(
+
)------------------------------------------------------ --------
--------(5)
R3
=
|
-
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------(6)
算出极差(R1、R2、R3)的平均值(、、):
=
∑
R1------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------(7)
=
∑
R2--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(8)
=
∑
R3-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(9)式中:k——试验批号。
计算极差R的控制上限:
R1
上
限
:
i X i
X i X i X i X i X X X
i X i X i X i X R R R R k
R k
R k
D R 1
2
121
2
12
1
21
2
1231
1421
231
4
1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------(10)
R2
上
限
:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------(11)
R3
上
限
:
------------------------------------------------------------------------(12)
式中:=3.267(对于成对测量值)
算出按极差推出的测定标准偏差(M)、缩分标准偏差(D)取样标准偏差(s)的估计值:
M
=
/
---------------------------------------------------------------------
---------(13)
D
=
---------------------------------------------------------(14)
s=
-----------------------------------------------------------(15)式中:1/=0.8865,为成对试验由极差估算标准偏差的系数。
注:如大样由n/2个份样组成,式(15)中的s值应除以。
算出测定精密度(),缩分精密度()和取样精密度():
=±2M--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------
(16)
=±2
D
--------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------(17)=
±
2
s------------------------------------------------------ ------------
4
2
4
3
41
2
22
2122122
2
32221222D R D R D S S S S
R d S
R R d d S
R R d d d S
M D S M S
D
S
S
S
∧
∧
− −
∧
$$$$$$$b b b b b b
---(18)
10取样方法
10.1采用系统取样法时,确定从交货批中应取最少份样数.如表1所示。
10.1.1确定取样间隔,以固定质量间隔或时间间隔取份样。
T≤或≤-------------------------------------------------------------------(1)式中:T--取样质量间隔,t;
Q--批量,t;
n--表1规定的份样数;
--取样时间间隔,min;
G--每小时装卸量,。
10.2货车取样法
10.2.1份样的采取,原则上从货车装卸过程中新露出的面上随机定点取样,或在卸车矿流中取份样。
10.2.2当组成一批矿石的货车数少于规定的份样数时,每车应取份样数按(2)计算(如有小数进为整数):
=
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------(2)
式中:
--表1规定的份样数;
--交货批所装货车数不同时,份样量的分配与装载量成正比。
10.3注意事项
10.3.1水份样品应在衡量前后立即取样,置于干净,密闭的容器里,注意务使水份在测定前发生变化,当批量很大时11.2.3当规定的份样数少于货车数时,每个货车至少取一个份样,货车的装载量,装卸时间长居哦下雨、气温告示,须将整批矿石分成几部分,将每一部分的份样尽快制备成副样测定水分。
11.1制样工具
a:鄂式破碎机;
b:圆盘粉碎机;
c:密封式振荡研磨机;
d:三头研磨机:附玛瑙研钵;
e:二分器;
Q n T Q Gn
T t h
n n n
M
n M ′′602211制样
g:分样铲及挡板;
h:钢板;
i:盛样容器;
j:干燥箱;
k:不锈钢金属十字样板;
11.2制样要求
11.2.1样品的预先干燥:样品过于潮湿不能破碎、缩分时,可在低于105℃进行干燥或空气干燥,达到样品可自由通过破碎机和缩分器的程度,预先干燥可在制样的任一阶段进行。
需要时,将干燥前、后样品称量,按式(3)计算预先干燥水分A(%):
A=×100------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------(3)
式中:--干燥前样品总质量,kg;
--干燥前后品总质量,kg;
11.2.2样品的破碎:样品的破碎应使用机械设备。
定期校核破碎机行性能,并调节至排料小于规定的最大粒度。
在制备成分分析样品过程中,因难于破碎的样品往往在成分上有差异,所以必须使全部样品破碎至规定粒度。
11.2.3样品的混合:将样品通过二分器三次混合,每次通过后将两份样品合并,小于1mm样品也可三次转堆混合。
11.2.4样品的缩分
二分器缩分法:通常用手工给料。
样品单次通过被分成二份,一份保留,另一份通常舍去。
格槽宽度至少为最大粒度的2.5倍,二分器的一半格槽数一般为8个以上,所用二分器需参考GB 2007.4及GB2007.5进行校核,证明是符合要求的方可使用。
缩分程序:
a:样品通过二分器三次混合后,放入给料容器;
b:将给料容器内的样品铺平,缩分时时样品沿二分器全部格槽均匀撒落,要控
11w w w
w w −
制给料速度,保持格槽不堵塞:
c:通过二分器的样品收集于两个接收容器内,接收器应与主体密合,以减少粉尘和水分的损失。
d:随机选择一个接收容器内的样品为保留样品,如需进一步缩分,保留样品可再次通过缩分器,此时要从二分器两侧交替手机保留样品。
e:缩分留量:缩分大样或副样制备成分分析样品时,对于最大粒度的最小留样量不能少于表4规定。
11.2.5份样缩分法
本缩分法是比大、精密度高的方法,也是经第一次缩分即能取出水份样品的方法。
缩分程序:
a:样品充分混匀后,在光滑、不吸水、不沾污的混样板上按表5堆成厚度均匀的长方形;
b:将样品平堆划成等份的网络。
缩分大样不得少于20格,缩分副样不得少于12格,缩分份样不得少于4格(见图4).
c:用表5规定的分样铲从每隔中随机取一满铲,收集一个份样;
d:将挡板垂直插入样品平摊底部,然后将分样铲于距挡板月等于c处垂直插入
平堆底部,水平移动分样铲至分样铲开口端部接触挡板(见图5)使混样板上的颗粒全部被收集。
将挡板和分样铲同时提起,防止颗粒从分样铲开口流失,将各份样合并为缩分样品,当大样数量多时,可将大样分成几等分,多次按上述同样缩分。
11.2.6圆锥四分法
将样品置于洁净、平整的钢板上,堆成圆锥形,每铲自圆锥顶尖落下,使均匀的沿锥尖散落,注意务使圆锥中心错位,如此反复至少转堆三次,重复操作数次,缩分至不少于该粒度的最少留量(见表4)颗粒样品堆成圆锥时容易产生偏折,造成缩分偏差,样品粒度大于1mm不宜使用圆锥四分法。
Industry Standards of
Sampling,Sample Preparation and Inspection method of Laterite Nickel Ore
为规范散装红土镍矿检验业务工作,确保检验工作的公正和准确。
The purpose is to regulate the accuracy of the inspection of Lateritic-Nickel-Ore.
适用于亚洲和泛太平洋地区的氧化镍矿(俗称红土镍矿)检验工作。
It is applicable to the inspection of Lateritic-Nickel-Ore in Asian Pacific area.
该工作规范介绍了针对上述镍矿的品质化验的引用标准,装、卸货的取样、制样方法,保证针对该产品的检验在品质和取制样的操作上更有代表性。
The specifications introduce the quoted standard for c mical analysis of the Lateritic-Nickel-Ore as well as methods of sampling & sample preparation during loading/discharging.The purpose is to make sure that the inspection is performed correctly and th the sampling & sample preparation will be result in representative samples.
该检验规范适用于亚太地区红土镍矿合作组织成员。
第二章
散装红土镍矿取样、制样、检验方法
一、目的Purpose
二、适用范围Scope of application
The specifications are applicable to all the members of the Asian Pacific Organization for Lateritic-Nickel-Ore.
三、参考标准References
·GB 2007.1-87 散装矿产品取样、制样通则手工取样方法
·GB 2007.1-87General rules for the manual sampling and automated sample preparation of bulk minerals.
·GB 2007.2-87散装矿产品取样、制样通则手工制样方法
·GB 2007.2-87General rules for the manual sampling and manual sam e preparation of bulk minerals
· GB 2007.3-87散装矿产品取样、制样通则评定品质波动试验方法
·GB 2007.3-87 General rules for the sampling and sample preparation of minerals in bulk -Experimental method for evaluation of quality variation
· GB 2007.4-87散装矿产品取样、制样通则精密度校核试验方法
·GB 2007.4-87General rules for the sampling and sample preparation of minerals in bulk -Experimental methods for checking the precision and bias
·GB 2007.5-87散装矿产品取样、制样通则取样系统误差校核试验方法
·GB 2007.5-87 General rules for the sampling and sample preparation of minerals in bulk Experimental method for checking t bias of sampling
·GB 2007.6-87散装矿产品取样、制样通则, 水分测定方法热干燥法
·GB 2007.6-87 General rules for the sampling and sample preparation of minerals in bulk. Determination of moisture content-Heat drying method
·GB 2007.7-87散装矿产品取样、制样通则粒度测定方法手工筛分法
· GB 2007.7-87General rules for the sampling and sample preparation of minerals in bulk. The method for determination of particle size by manual sieving
· ISO3082:2000(E) 铁矿石取样、制样标准
· ISO3082:2000(E) Iron ores-Sampling and sample preparation procedures
· JIS M 8109-1996 硅镁镍矿取样、制样、水分测定方法
· JIS M 8109-1996 Methods of sampling, sample preparation and moist e determination of Silicon-Magnesium-Nickel Ore
四、红土镍矿的背景Background of Lateritic-Nickel-Ore
红土镍矿是由非常细的粘土物质和大小不等的岩石碎片经长年氧化而形成的一种不均匀的低品位矿。
由于含铁较高,外观呈浅红色,俗称“红土镍矿”。
根据矿石中镍铁的含量多少分为高镍低铁和高铁低镍矿脉,主要分布在菲律宾、印度尼西亚和南太平洋的新喀里多尼亚岛。
Lateritic-Nickel-Ore is a form of heterogeneous low-grade ore which is derived from extremely thin clay materials and rock chips. Due to its high Fe content, it appears light red in color. Based n the content of ferronickel in the ore, it can be divided into High-Ni/ Low-Fe and High-Fe/ Low-Ni varieties which is mainly located in the Philippines, In nesia and New Caledonia of South Pacific.
五、一般规定General Regulations
1、参与检验人员应接受上岗培训,经授权后方可上岗工作。
People involved in the inspection shall be trained and work upon authorization.
2、检验人员在现场工作时,应遵守船方和港口仓库的相关规定,做好安全防护。
Whileworkingon site, inspectors shall comply with Port and Warehouse regulations while paying close attention to alth and safety issues.
3、根据货物的粒度大小,备好取、盛样工具。
Make necessary preparation for sampling equipment and ample collection and storage according to the cargo tonnage.
4、1mm样品必须保留90天,分析小样必须保留180天,以备核查。
1mm sample shall be retained for 90 days, while the assay sample shall be retained for 180 days in case of further requirements.
5、装货港检验:Load port Inspection
a)装货前,要进行空舱检验;
Prior to loading, empty hold inspection should be carried out.
b)装货中,要对货物的基本情况及异常情况尤其是装货期间的天气情况进行详细记录并拍照。
During loading, the general cargo conditions plus any portant factor such as weather conditions shall be recorded in detail and with photos.
6、卸货港检验:Discharge port Inspection
a)登轮后,要查看船舶在装货港装货期间的天气情况,并做好记录;
While on board, the weather condition noted during loading shall be checked and recorded.
b)开舱后,要查看每舱货堆表面是否有异常状况并拍照。
特别注意是否有漏水痕迹,并拍照存档。
After opening hatch cover(s), the surface condition of the cargo in each hold shall be visually checked and photographed, pecially any leakage shall be kept on file with photos.
7、检验人员在实施检验时,如遇大风、雷电、暴雨及其它不适于工作的情况,应停止现场工作并及时向委托人报告,并做好相关记录。
While performing the inspection, if high/strong winds, storms, heavy rain or any other unsuitable situation occurs, the inspectors shall stop
the work and report to the Client in timely manner while making a detailed record.
六、操作规程Working Procedure
(一)、取样Sampling
1、确定取样方案Establishing a sampling scheme
a)在开始取样工作前,确定取样交货批、取样单元和取样量。
Identify the lot to be sampled, mass of increment and mber of increment.
b)确定样品用途。
Ascertain the use of sample.
c)根据最大粒度确定份样量和取样工具的容量(份样量的粒度由目测和实测决定)。
Determine the mass of increment and sampling implement for takingthe increments considering the nominal top size (size of the increment shall be determined visually and factually).
d)确定取样间隔:即平均每50吨取一个份样,每5000吨做一个品质分析。
Determine the sampling interval: take an increment per 50MT, make chemical analysis per 5,000MT lot.
e)确定份样组合方式,按需要组成副样或大样。
Determine the combination of increments and make the lot sample/gross sample according to requirements.
2、现场取样方式Sampling method on site
应根据现场作业方式、取样设施配备情况选定,一般采用定量取样、定时取样或分层取样等方式。
Considering the methods employed on site and the implement used for drawing the samples, normally quantity interval, time nterval or stratified sampling method shall be used.
3、份样数及取样间隔的确定Determine the number of increment and sampling interval to be used
应根据交货批质量、各矿种取样精密度、品质波动、作业流量确定,统一按如下做法(买卖合同或委托人对份样数及取样间隔有要求的,按其要求执行):Based on the mass of consignment, sampling precision, ality variation and the flow rate of operation for all kinds of ores, general methods are as follows (If any requirements regarding he number of increment and sampling interval from the contract or the client, shall carry out their requirements):
a)卸货检验时,对于外观差异明显或粒度分布不均的以及由2种以上货物混合构成的交货批的检验,可根据实际情况增加份样数,甚至份样数可增加一倍,采取分舱取样,每舱作为一个取样单元,分别制样。
While performing a discharge port inspection, for cons nments with apparent differences in appearance or uneven size distribution or which consist of more than 2 kinds of cargo, the number of i rements can be increased.Take samples per cargo hold and consider each hold as sampling lot and perform sample preparation separately.
b)车载货物的检验应在装卸过程中新露出的面上随机定点取样(在货车倒运过程中,因车辆颠簸引起品质及粒度波动较大,故不宜在货车上取样),份样数依据上述规定确定。
如果交货批由2批以上的货物混合构成则每车货物都必须取样。
当货车装载质量不同时,份样数的分配应与装载量成正比。
For the inspection of cargo carried by trucks, samples shall be taken at regular point on the fresh exposed surface of the cargo during loading/unloading (while transporting by trucks, truck vibrations can lead to large variation in quality and size, therefore sampling on the truck is not recommended); the number of increments is determined upon the above regulations. If the consignment consists of more than 2 cargos, each truck shall be sampled. When trucks are loaded with different quantity, the distribution of increments shall be base on the quantity.c)份样量的确定(见表1)Determine the mass of increment (as specified in Table 1)
表1 -份样量的确定Table 1--Determine the mass of increment
公称最大粒度(MM)Nominal Top Size份样量(KG)
Increment Mass
公称最大粒度(MM)
Nominal Top Size
份样量(KG)
Increment Mass
22.4以下2100--15015
22.4--31.54150--20020
31.5--508200--25025
50--10010250--30030
d)取样工具Sampling Implements/Tools
取样工具包括铁锹、取样铲(见图1、表2)、钢锤、取样容器(料桶或塑料袋和编织袋等)、标签、唛头笔和照相机。
Sampling devices include shovel, sampling scoop (as specified inFigure 1, Table 2), steel hammer, sampling container (barrel, plastic bags, woven bags, etc.), labels, shipping mark pen and camera.
(图1)(Figure 1)
表2 -取样铲规格
Table 2--Specifications of sampling scoop
铲号Scoop最大公称粒
度(mm)
容积
(ml)
取样铲尺寸(mm)
Dimensions of increment scoop
NumberNominal
Top SizeVolume
aBcde
15015035000450190450380170
12512521000380160380320150
10010011000300130300260120
7070370020010020017080
505016001507515013065
4040730110631109550
3031.53809050908040
2022.42708045807035
15161807040706030
10101206035605025
56705030504020
32.6354025403015
11163020302512
e)如果卸货港取样受条件限制时,允许在卸货过程中按上述的规定单独抽取水分样,然后在码头转堆至堆场过程中按上述规定抽取品质样。
If sampling conditions are limited in the discharge port, moisture samples can be taken separately during discharge while quality samples can be taken during the transferring of cargo from the quay to the stockyard.
4、通知委托人,要求委托人提供必要的配合。
Inform the client and ask them for necessarycooperation.
5、检验人员根据取样方案,明确取样时间、地点,准备好清洁、合适的取样工具、样品存放容器(如带防水膜的编织袋、密封样品桶、封识等)以及安全帽和反光背心等防护用品。
到达取样地点后,根据货物的实际情况,亲自或组织现场取样工人按取样方案要求进行取样。
According to the sampling scheme, the inspectors shall define the sampling time and place, prepare clean and suitable sampling equipment including sample storage implements (s h as waterproof woven bags, airproof containers, seals, etc), hard hats, reflective vest and other safety equipment (PPE –Personal Protection Equipment)..
6、取样基本要求General requirements for sampling
a)取样原则上应在货物装卸、加工、堆垛或衡量的移动过程中进行,不具备在传送带上取样的,应在新露出的矿石表面上随机定点取样。
In principle, sampling shall be performed during the process of loading/unloading, stacking or weighing; without condition of sampling from the conveyor belt, sampling shall be performed randomly at regular point on the fresh exposed surface of the cargo.
b) 第一个份样可在第一间隔内随机确定(不可在第一间隔的起点开始),以后按计算的间隔取,在操作过程中不得随意变动取样间隔。
注:取样时应同时取出冲刷样品。
The first increment can betaken randomly during the first interval (not at the beginning of the first interval), and there after
increments should be taken as per the calculated interval which should not be adjusted during the operation. Remark: While sa ling, washing samples shall be taken simultaneously.
c) 取样工具的开口度至少为最大公称粒度的3倍,但不得小于100mm,每个份样用合适的取样工具一次性取出,如果一次取出有困难,亦可在同一处分几次取出样品。
对于粒度较大的(如粒度大于150mm)可以采用取样框代替取样铲来确定应取的份样。
The opening of the sampling device shall be at least 3 times of the nominal top size, which cannot be less than 100mm. Each increment shall be taken once by suitable sampling implement; if the Inspector had difficulty in taking one increment, taking several at the same point is also allowed. For the larger particle size cargo (if the size is over 150mm), sampling frame can be used to substitute sampling scoop to determine increments.d) 取样过程中应保证每个份样量基本一致,偏差不得大于标准所规定的的质量变动系数。
During sampling, make sure that each increment shall be consistent with variations not larger than the quality variation facto specified in the standard.
e) 取样过程中应注意观察取样批的粒度分布情况,应能保证所取份样的粒度比例符合取样间隔或取样部位的粒度比例,所得大样的粒度分布应与整批矿产品的粒度分布基本吻合。
During sampling procedure, pay attention to the size distribution of sampling lot, and make sure that the s e proportion of increments being taken is in accordance with the sampling interval or sampling point. Therefore, the size distribution of bu sample matches that of the whole consignment.
f) 不同品质规格或粒度规格的货物分舱装运时,应根据具体情况分舱独立取样,各舱结果加权平均后,作为交货批的结果。
When cargo with different specifications in terms of quality and/or size is loaded separately in each cargo hold, sampling shall be separately performed per hold.The results of each hold shall be calculated by weighed mean as the composite result for whole consignment.
g) 如已达到预定的份样数,而作业仍在进行,应按原定间隔继续取样,直到整批货物作业完毕。
If increment number is enough before completion of operation, sampling shall be continued as per the original interval until the end of operation.
h) 取样过程中,必须保证样品不受任何污染。
During sampling procedure, make sure that samples shall not be contaminated.
7、现场取样时必须查核商品标记、批次、数量、重量等,样品容器上应进行唯一性标识,必要时及时施加封识,并采取适当的防护措施,防止样品改变特性或丢失。
When sampling on site, make sure to check the cargo’s ark, lot, number, quantity, etc. The container of sample shall be uniforml marked and sealed if necessary, and take suitable safety measure in case of identity change or loss.
8、取样人员应做好取样记录(包括天气情况),取样过程中若发现货物外观异常
或有外来杂物和污染等异常情况,须及时处理,必要时拍照取证,并及时向其上级汇报。
Sampling personnel shallmake a report (including weather conditions) during sampling.If any irregularity occurs, like unusual looking material, impurities and/or contamination, act n in a timely manner, take photos and report to the Principal.
9、委托人要求偏离预定的取样方案时,检验人员应及时向其上级汇报,并做好详细记录。
If the client requests the implementation of a different sampling scheme, the Inspectors shall report to the Principal in time and take detailed notes.
(二)、样品的制备Sample Preparation
1、制样工具Sample preparation devices
a) 颚式破碎机(大、中、小号)Jaw crusher (L, M, S)
b)对辊破碎机Roll crusher
c)圆盘粉碎机或密封式震荡研磨机Disk pulverizer or Airproof shaking grinder
d)份样铲及挡板Increment scoop and baffle
e)二分器Riffle
f)盛样容器Sample storage container
g)钢板Steel plate
h)干燥箱(能调节温度,使箱内任一点的温度在设定温度在±5℃之间)Drying oven (with adjustable temperature control that works within ±5℃of the setting)
i)不锈钢金属十字分样架Stainless steel cross dividing frame
j)分样筛22.4mm、10mm、1mm、180μm筛Sieves 22.4mm、10mm、1mm、180μm2、样品的制备包括干燥(必要时)、破碎、混合和缩分等一系列操作,应根据商品特性和所测项目按有关制样标准的要求进行,以使样品符合测试要求。
Sample preparation includes a series of operation such as drying (if necessary), crushing, mixing, dividing, etc. It shall e performed according to the nature of the cargo and per the standard of the subject tests, so as to comply with the requirements of the tests.
3、样品制备过程中应防止损失、污染或其他可能改变其特性的情况发生。
During sample preparation, prevent loss, contamination or any other situations which may change the identity of the sample.
4、水分样应用清洁、密封或防水容器储存,当批量很大、作业时间较长或遇阴雨、高温天气时,应将取样批合理划分为几个部分,每一部分应尽快制备成副样测定水分,防止由于样品水分变化而产生偏差。
The moisture sample shallbe stored in clean, airproof /waterproof container. If there are too many lots, long periods of rain or periods of very hot weat r, the sampling lot shall be divided into sub-samples for which the moisture should be tested as soon as possible, in case the aforementioned factors are causing significant changes to the moisture content.
5、水分样的制备Moisture sample preparation
在制水分样时,每2500吨做一个水分样,将每单元每批所取样品从盛样容
器中倒出,按照标准的缩分方法(网格法)快速取出检测水分样品(15分钟之内完成,取水分样时充分考虑粒度比例,在碰到大块货物的时候,应按所占份样铲的容积砸取相应的比例,剩余部分只能作为品质样而不能作为粒度筛分),并取出5kg作为检测水分的保留样品(保留样品需注意密封完好)。
每单元水分试验样的个数及水分试验样的最小质量见表3、表4。
When preparing moisture samples, one moisture sample is prepared for each 2500 MT lot. Take the samples of each lot out of e storing container, and using increment division method, extract the moisture sample as quickly as possible (within 15 minutes).Consideration needs to be given to the particle size while taking moisture samples; wh met with oversize cargo, this should be broken up.Once oversize has been manually reduced it cannot later be used for sizing purposes.Take 5kg as the retained tested moisture sample (retained sample shall be in an airproofcontainer). The number and minimum mass of parts for moisture determination is specified in Table 3 and Table 4.
表3 -水分试验样的个数
Table 3--Number of parts for moisture determination
试样制备Moisture sample prep每个交货批的副样个数Number of subsample of each lot
被测试验样个数Number of tests从大样中制备From the bulk sample
-4从副样中制备From the subsample243-7最少2at least≥8最少1at least
从份样中制备From the increment
-最少1at least表4 -水分试验样的最小质量
Table 4--Minimum mass of parts for moisture determination
试验样的最大公称粒度(mm)Nominal top size of moisture sample(mm)试验样的最小质量(kg)
Minimum mass of moisture
sample(kg)
31.510
22.45
10.01
注:粒度大于31.5mm时应破碎到31.5mm以下
Remark: When the size is over 31.5mm, it shall be crus d below 31.5mm.
6、品质样的制备Quality sample preparation
a)由于镍矿的水分较大,粘度较大,不利于粒度筛分和品质样的制备,因此对于较粘和水分大的货物应当将其进行预干燥(自然风干或使用风干机),使样品较易破碎,在风干的过程中要防止样品被污染。
在交货批检验项目有粒度要求时,应
当先进行粒度分析,然后将所有样品包括粒度分析后的样品全部进行破碎。
破碎后的样品充分混合后,置于清洁的钢板上进行缩分,每一个取样单元作为一个大样(参照下列流程图)。
Since Nickel Ore has high moisture content and can also be ‘sticky’ which is not good for either sizing a quality sample preparation; it can be pre-dried (in the air or by air dryer), which should make it easier to handle.During the drying process, prevent the sample from being contaminated. If the Client requires size d ermination for the consignment, the size determination shall be performed first, and thenall the samples including those after sizing shall be rushed. The crushed sample shall be mixed thoroughly and put onto a clean steel plate and divided, with each sampling lot as a bulk sample (as s cified in below flow sheet).
制样流程图Sample preparation flowsheet
b)样品破碎的具体方法Detailed method of crushing sample
①样品的破碎应使用机械设备,手工破碎只限于破碎个别大块样品至第一阶段破碎机的最大给料粒度。
The crushing of the sample shall be performed by mechanical means; manual crushing is only to be used to crush specific large pieces of cargo in order toallow further crushing by mechanical mans.
②破碎前需用本批镍矿同一来源的冲刷样品对破碎机进行清洗,然后再用毛刷等工具清扫干净,破碎后残留在破碎机内部的样品,必须全部取出,防止污染下一个样品。
Before crushing, the crusher shall be cleaned by the s e origin washing
sample of this Nickel Ore, and then swept with brush. ter crushing, the remained sample shall be completely removed so as not contaminate the next one.
c)样品的缩分方法Sample division method
①网格法:将样品充分混合后置于已用样品刷好的钢板上,铺成长方形平堆,然后将平堆划成等分的网格,缩分大样时不得少于20格;缩分副样时不得少于12格;缩分份样时不得少于4格。
用挡板及样品铲插至底部,从每个格取等量的一铲,集合为缩分样品,当大样数量多时,可将大样分成几个等分,分次按上述操作进行(见图2)。
样品最大粒度,样层厚度和份样铲尺寸如表5、图3。
Increment division: Mix the sample thoroughly and put it onto the steel plate in the shape of a rectangle.Divide the surface into equal segments, (not less than 20 segments) while dividing t bulk sample and not less than 12 segments when dividing the subsample; not less than 4 segments while dividing the individual increments. Use baffle and increment scoop to insert the end and draw an equal sc p from each segment to make a divided sample; if too much quantity of bulk sample, can divide the bulk sample into several parts and act several times as per the above (as specified in Figure 2). Maximum size of sample, th kness of sample and dimensions of increment scoop are specified in Table 5 and Figure 3.表5 -样品最大粒度、样品层厚度和份样铲尺寸
Table 5--Maximum size of sample, thickness of sample and dimens ns of increment scoop
样品最大粒度(mm)Maximum sizeof sample样品层厚度(mm)Thicknessof sample份样铲尺寸(mm)Dimensions of increment scoop份样铲材料厚度
(mm)
Thickness of Materials
for increment scoop
abcd
22.435-45804580702
1025-35603560501
520-30503050401
315-25402540300.5
110-15301530250.5
(图3 Figure 3)
②圆锥四分法:将样品置于已用样品刷好的钢板上,堆成圆锥形,每铲由圆锥顶尖落下,使其均匀地沿锥尖散落,注意勿使圆锥中心错位,如此反复至少移堆三次,使其充分混匀,然后将锥尖压平,用十字板自上插下,分成四等份,任取两个对角的等份,重复操作数次,缩分至不少于最少留样量。
Coning and quartering method: put the sample onto the eel plate in the form of a cone; each scoop shall be inserted from e top of conical to make it spread along the top evenly, and pay attention not to misplace the center of cone; do it at least 3 times and mixed t roughly; then flatten the top and use the cross plate from top to bottom to divide into 4 equal segments, randomly take out 2 oppositesegments and do it repeatedly for several times and finally divided into not less than the minimum retained quantity.
由于大颗粒样品堆成圆锥时容易产生偏析,造成缩分偏差,样品粒度大于10mm不宜使用圆锥四分法,最好使用二分器。
Since a large particle size can easily cause division eviation, material over 10mm is not suitable for coning and quartering method.In this instance a riffle divider should be used.
③二分器缩分法:二分器系非机械式样品缩分器,通常用手工给料,样品通过二分器被分成二等份,一份保留,另一份弃去。
格槽宽度至少为样品最大粒度的2.5倍,二分器的一半槽数一般为8个以上,所用的二分器须参照GB2007.4和GB2007.5的规定。
Riffle division method: a riffle is a kind of non-mechanical sample divider, which is usually fed manually. The sample is ivided into 2 equal parts by riffle, with one retained and one rejected. T width of each cell is at least 2.5 times of the sample’s top size, and the number of half cell of the riffle is more than 8. The Riffle used shall refer to GB2007.4 & GB2007.5.
二分器缩分法的缩分程序:Riffle division procedure:
(a)按照缩分试样的粒度采用不同规格的二分器。
样品通过二分器三次混合后,放入给料容器中。
Use difference specified rifer as per the size of division sample. Sample shall be mixed 3 times through riffle, and then put into the feeding container.
(b)将给料容器的样品铺平,缩分时样品沿二分器全部格槽均匀散落(要控制给料速度,保证格槽不堵塞,如发现堵塞,必须清理后再继续操作)。
Spread the 。