汽车仪表板配置液晶显示器的设计-英文原文

Abstract The instrument cluster is an important element of the automotive passive safety system, since it shows to the driver the status of the car’s signals. This role becomes even more important as the number of advanced driving assistance systems (e.g., frontal collision warning, night vision support, parking aids, adaptive cruise control) increases. However, the larger number of warnings and signals conflicts with the limited display area available in vehicle. The ACTIVE project has developed software programmable dashboards on liquid crystal displays (LCDs), studying an efficient exploitation of the visual space of the instrument cluster. Such displays are flexible in terms of customization and of runtime configurability, allowing changes to number, layout, and appearance of visible instruments according to the actual driving conditions. Moreover, configurable dashboards can become an open communication channel able to integrate and harmonize, according primarily to safety considerations, any kind of visual information coming from present and future information systems (e.g., concerning safety and infotainment). This paper contributes to the study of this emerging research field through the description of the flow of design we followed in developing a real in-car system, and through the analysis of the potential impact on users of such a new flexible interface. In particular, we discuss results of lab and road tests conducted at Robert Bosch GmbH in Germany.
Designing configurable automotive dashboards on liquid crystal displays
Received: 5 September 2003 / Accepted: 21 April 2004 / Published online: 12 October 2004 Ó Springer-Verlag London Limited 4) 6: 247–265 DOI 10.1007/s10111-004-0163-1
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
F. Bellotti Æ A. De Gloria Æ A. Poggi Æ L. Andreone S. Damiani Æ P. Knoll
L. Andreone Æ S. Damiani FIAT Research Center, Turin, Italy
P. Knoll Robert Bosch GmbH, Leonberg, Germany
Keywords Digital automotive dashboards Æ Human– machine interaction Æ Road user tests Æ Liquid crystal displays Æ Car Æ Multimedia systems Æ Graphics design Æ Runtime configurability
One of the most interesting components in this regard is the instrument cluster. Present electromechanical clusters are characterized by a closed architecture: number, position, and appearance of instruments (e.g., odometer, tachometer, indicators, etc.) are fixed at design time and do not change during the life cycle of the product. Introducing software programmable instrument clusters on liquid crystal displays (LCDs) leads to the possibility of changing and adapting single features and whole programs according to new requirements and fashions emerging from users.
As cars are becoming computation-intensive environments, an intelligent electronic interface can become
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an open and flexible communication channel, able to integrate and harmonize, according primarily to safety considerations, any kind of visual information coming from present and future systems (e.g., navigation, automatic cruise control, car diagnosis, traffic hints, audio and video streams, networking etc.).
F. Bellotti (&) Æ A. De Gloria Æ A. Poggi Department of Electronics and Biophysical Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy E-mail: franz@dibe.unige.it Tel.: +39-10-3532780 Fax: +39-10-3532785
All this amount of services and information has to be provided without distracting the driver from her/his main goal, which is to safely drive the car. On the contrary, new systems have to enhance the driving conditions by providing drivers with the right information at the right moment. These simple considerations suggest the importance that the human–machine interface (HMI) modules will play in new generation cars.
Automotive suppliers will be able to produce only one dashboard hardware platform, reducing the time-tomarket and the high costs currently associated with the production of a number of different instrument clusters for different car models and customer markets.
1 Introduction
In the last few decades, the presence of electronic systems in vehicles has grown at an exponential rate. It has been estimated that the average amount of electronics systems and components has shifted from 110 in 1977 to 1800 in 2001 (Leen and Heffernan 2000; Miller et al. 2001). Looking at the future, the automotive market of the next few years will be characterized by a wide number of services offered to drivers and passengers (Bretz 2000; Ward and Fields 2000). Services will range from safety systems to personal communication, from entertainment to the provision of location-aware information.
Furthermore, users will be able to choose, at turn-key time, their favorite configuration within a set of predefined and tested configurations. Customization is to be considered also as a means to strengthen passive safety, since tailored interfaces significantly increase attention and reaction capabilities of users (Lim et al. 1996). For instance, customization can be applied to the size of fonts and digits and to the number and the look of the visible instruments.