创造性解决问题概要

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“Imagination is more important than knowledge.” “想象力比知识更重要。”
- Albert Einstein
Creative Problem Solving 创造性解决问题
Course Objective: 课程目标:
To develop techniques for resolving work based problems in a creative and innovative way. 以一种创造和革新的方式发展解决 工作中问题的技巧。
People 人
Policies 政策
Building A Fishbone Diagram 勾画一幅鱼骨图
Raw material price increased 原材料价格上涨
Land use rent increased Electricity cost increased 土地租金上涨 电的成本增加
3. Cause-and-Effect Analysis 因果分析
The “Fishbone Diagram” “鱼 骨图” The “Why-Why Diagram” “为 什么-为什么分析法图”

Analyze the Problem 分析问题
Steps to Develop a Fishbone Diagram 发展鱼骨分析法的步骤
The process of a brainstorming session:
集思广益方法:




Don’t edit what is said and remember not to criticise ideas 不要改变或纠正别人所说的,并记住 不要批评任何创意。 Go for quantity of ideas at this point; narrow down the list later 在这一阶段追求的是创意的数量,以后 再缩减创意列单。 encourage wild or exaggerated ideas (creativity is the key) 鼓励疯狂而夸张的创意(创造性是关键) Build on the ideas of others (e.g., one member might say something that ‘spark’ another member’s ideas) 抛砖引玉(例如,可能某个人说出的某个主意 突然就点燃了另一个人创意的‘火花’。)
Creative Problem Solving 创造性解决问题
You will learn:



To improve problem solving skills by the use of the fishbone and why-why techniques. 利用鱼骨法和为什么-为什 么法提高解决问题的技巧 How to develop a decision-making model 如何发展一种决策模式 How to develop creative and internal thinking 如何发展创造性和内在思维
Generate Solutions 产生解决办法
Brainstorming 集思广益
Brainstorming is a technique to encourage group creativity: this process allows you to use the right brain which is the creative part when compared to the logical thinking left brain. 集思广益是一种鼓励小组创造性的技 巧:这一过程让你运用右脑的创造性 功能,而不是左脑的逻辑思维。
Creative Problem Solving 创造性解决问题
You will learn:



To identify clearly objectives to be achieved. 清楚地了解要取得的目标 The barriers to problem solving 解决问题的障碍 How to develop a problem-solving model 如何发展一种解决问题的模式
# You can have any categories that suit your needs 你可能有适合你需要的别 的分类
Fishbone Diagram-Cause Categories 鱼骨法分析原因种类
Place 地点
Procedure 程序
Increased Product Costs 产品成本增加
Bank learns that your company made a large investment in a project wihich has not been completed 银行获悉你的公 司在一个尚未完成的项目上投入了大笔资金
One of your competitors made up the rumour that your company suffered a great loss in that project 你的一个竞争对手散布谣言说你的 公司在那个项目上损失巨大 Identify the Problem 找出问题
The Rules of Brainstorming 集思广义之规则

Go for Quantity 追求数量 Postpone Judgement 不急于判断

Two types of brainstorming: 集思广益的两种类型:

Freewheeling: Share ideas all at once
“It is a gap between a current and a desired state” 问题就是目前的情 况和你渴望得到的状态之间的差距 。
It is a barrier, obstacle, restrain, etc. that hinders smooth progress, reduces effectiveness and requires analysis before action is taken. 问题是一种障碍、阻拦、抑制,它阻碍 着事情的顺利发展,使我们在行动之前 减少对有效性及需求的分析。
Stated in short and precise words 以简短和准确的语言陈述 Clear and unambiguous 清晰而不含糊


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Defined in terms that will assist in the measurement of the outcome 按照有助于衡量结果的方式阐述问题
How to Perceive Problems? 如何看待问题?


There are no problems. 没有问题。 Every problem is an opportunity in disguise. 每一个问题都是一个潜在的机会。
What is a problem? 问题是什么?
Fishbone Diagram 鱼骨分析图
Increased Product Costs 产品成本增加
Possible “Cause” Categories 可能的“原因”种类



People, Places, Policies & Procedures (4 Ps) 人、地点、政策及程序 Suppliers, Skills, Systems & Surroundings (4 Ss) 供应商、技巧、系统及环境 Methods, Materials, Machines (3Ms ) 方法、原料、设备和人
5. Imaginative Idea Production 展开想象,产生主意



Brainstorming 集思广益 Trigger Sessions 举一反三 Scenario writing or scenario daydreaming 场景写作或场景幻想 Suggestion schemes 建议方案
Creative Thinking 创造性思维

What blocks creativity? 是什么阻碍创造性?

What encourages creativity? 是什么激励创造性?
The Four Barriers to Creativity BARS 阻碍创造性的4个障碍
WHY?
The Company suffered a loss 公司遭受损失
WHY?
Sales Reduced 销售减少
Cost increased 成本增加
WHY?
Market demand decreased 市场需求下降
Product quality lowered 产品质量下降
4. Problem Statement 阐述问题
Problem Finding 发现问题
Symptoms 症状 Problems 问题 The Real Problesms 真正的问题
1. Problem Finding 发现问题
Bank declined the loan request 银行拒绝了你的贷款要求 Bank thinks that you have no debt paying ability 银行认为你没有还债能力
and list all ideas as they are “shouted out”. 随心所欲式:大家座在一起立刻分享 主意,并且列出大家“喊出”的所有主意 。

Round Robin: Everyone takes a turn
offering an idea, anyone can pass on any turn, all continue until there are no more ideas and all ideas are listed as they are offered. 循环式:每个人依次提供一个主 意,任何人也可随时插入主意,这样,一 直循环直到没有主意再产生,同时这期间 大家提供的所有主意应该被列出来。


Identify the effect 明确现象 Identify the major cause categories 明确主要原因的种类 Brainstorm the possible caues of the problem 对产生问题的可能原因 进行集思广益 Assess each major cause category 评定每个主要原因的种类 Reach an agreement on the most likely cause(s) 在最可能的原因上取得一致意见
Transportation Bank interest cost increased rate increased Labour wages 运输成本增加 银行利率上升 increased 劳动工资增长
Increased Product cost 产品成本增加
Drawing A Why-Why Diagram 画一幅为什么-为什么分析图
Creative Problem-solving Model 创造性解决问题模式-7 步
1. Problem Finding (Problem definition) 发现问题(问题的定义) 2. Fact Finding (Problem description) 找到事实根据(问题的描述) 3. Cause & Effect Analysis (Problem Analysis) 因果分析(问题的分析) 4. Problem Statement问题的表述 5. Imaginative Idea Production (Identify solutions) 产生富有想象力的办法(找到解决办法) 6. Idea Screening (Verification of solution 筛选各种想法(确认解决办法) 7. Implementation Plan 实施计划
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