被动语态讲解及练习答案

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T h e P a s s i v e V o i c e被动语态

一、被动语态的构成形式

1. 被动语态的基本时态变化

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时

2) has /have been done 现在完成时

3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时

4) was/were done 一般过去时

5) had been done 过去完成时

6) was/were being done 过去进行时

7) shall/will be done 一般将来时

8) should/would be done 过去将来时

2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.

可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4)在使役动词have, make,let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 ving形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态。

例I don't like being laughed at in the public.

二、如何使用被动语态

1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省by 短语)。

例 My bike was stolen last night.

2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。

例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

3. 为了更好地安排句子。

例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized

by people. (一个主语就够了)

三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词

+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。

有: It is said that…据说, It is reported that…据报道,It

is believed that…大家相信,

It is hoped that…大家希望,It is well known that…众所周 It is thought that…大家认为, It is suggested that…据建议。

四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.英语中有很多动词如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语

特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例 This kind of cloth washes well.

注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的

影响。

试比较:The door won't lock.(指门本身有毛病)

The door won't be locked.(指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”

是人的原因)

2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,

如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动

意义。

例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何印出来的呢?

3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的系动词feel, sound, taste, look, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例Your reason sounds reasonable.

五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义,在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

1.在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。

2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very

worthy to be read.)

3. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。

有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。

例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).

4.在too… to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.

被动语态练习及答案

1、( ) 1 The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.

A. found

B. was founded

C. is founded

D. was found

( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.

A. speaks

B. are spoken

C. is speaking

D. is spoken

( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.

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