Hedgehog's Dilemma
你不可不知的经济管理学效应
13. 皮格马利翁效应 Pygmalion Effect
皮格马利翁效应(Pygmalion Effect), 也有译“毕马龙效应”、“比马龙效应” 或“期待效应”,由美国著名心理学家 罗森塔尔和雅格布森在小学教学上予以 验证提出。暗示在本质上,人的情感和 观念会不同程度地受到别人下意识的影 响。人们会不自觉地接受自己喜欢、钦 佩、信任和崇拜的人的影响和暗示。
解读:无论意识到与否,群体观点的影响足以动摇 任何抱怀疑态度的人。群体力量很明显使理性判断失去 作用[1] 。
9.长尾理论 The Long Tail Effect
2004年10月,《连线》杂志主编Chris Anderson在一 篇文章中,首次提出了一个“长尾理论”(The long tail) 来解释这一现象:只要渠道足够大,非主流的、需求量小 的商品销量也能够和主流的、需求量大的商品销量相匹敌。 这是对传统的“二八定律”的彻底叛逆。
2. 木桶效应 Buckets Effect
木桶定律是讲一只水桶能装多少水取决于它最 短的那块木板 一句话解读:任何一个组织,可能面临的一个 共同问题,即构成组织的各个部分往往是优劣不齐 的,而劣势部分往往决定整个组织的水平。 因此, 整个社会与我们每个人都应思考一下自己的“短 板”,并尽早补足它 。 阿基里斯之踵的典故-Ach手表定律 Segal's law
A man with a watch knows what time it is. A man with two watches is never sure. 拥有两块以上的手表并不能帮人更准确的判断时间, 反而会制造混乱,让看表的人失去对时间的判断,这就 是著名的手表定律 。
典范英语学习教案
目见之不如足践之一、导语我们的学生学习不好英语,除了学生的学习兴趣、学习基础和学习态度以外,还有一个原因就是学习的知识平时基本不怎么使用,违反了语言学习的规律,学习语言的目的是交流,而交流的主要形式是说。
而我们的学习正好相反,学习就是为了考试,因此,我们很多学生学习不好英语。
我利用英语语感阅读的学习机会,大胆改革,让每一个学生开口说英语,改变了传统的教学模式,大大激发了学生的学习英语积极性,提高英语的教学效果。
二、方式我们班级一共要学习《Good English 》第六和第七两册书,共计36个小故事,每读完一本我都会找一个导演来将这本书编成一个短剧,然后导演招聘演员,再在每节课前,进行表演,学期结束的时候,在家长会上,以比赛的形式表演给其他家长看。
三、步骤1、招募导演起初,我很担心,除了几个对英语学习感兴趣的学生以为,没有人愿意担任导演,也不会有几个学生喜欢参与演出。
后来,我规定人人要当一次导演,并且要多次参加演出。
开始大部分很畏惧,很害怕上台表演,所以也不敢跟老师申请去当导演。
看着其他人在表演自己的节目,相当一部分学生有一点跃跃欲试的感觉。
到后来每当新的一册书开始,都纷纷报名要当导演,积极性高涨。
俗话说‘目见之不如足践之’,自己亲自去实践,亲自去表演肯定比看其他人表演效果要来得好,很多学生都鼓起勇气喊出了两个字‘我来’。
这两个字代表了学生的勇气、决心以及信心。
2、改编剧本当了导演第一件事就是要编剧本,怎么把一册书浓缩改编成呢?首先,在学习新课的时候,要认真听讲,完全理解故事的意思;然后,回家一定要认真复习,反复推敲,再改编成适合表演的剧本。
这对于一个七年级的学生来说是一件很不易的事情、很多学生要花费很多时间才能完成了剧本。
有时,剧本和表演也不尽人意,有人也会议论纷纷,但我相信学生是用心去完成,认真去完成的!达到了老师的目的,把被动学习变成了主动学习。
3、招募演员接下来就是招演员啦!看上去比较简单的事情,实际上也蕴含着一定的科学道理在里面。
小学上册第十四次英语第四单元真题试卷(有答案)
小学上册英语第四单元真题试卷(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.What do we call a young ostrich?A. ChickB. CalfC. KitD. Fawn答案:A.Chick2.We are going to a ________ (音乐会).3.The starfish can regenerate lost ______ (部分).4.The boy plays the ________.5.My _______ (兔子) is curious about everything.6.The __________ is a famous area known for its art.7.My uncle shares his __________ (知识) about fishing.8.The __________ (历史的轮回) reminds us of the cyclical nature of events.9.What is the term for the movement of the Earth around the sun?A. RotationB. RevolutionC. OrbitD. Spin答案: B10.Which planet is known as the Red Planet?A. EarthB. MarsC. JupiterD. Saturn答案:B11.The ______ is the path of the Earth around the sun.12.Asteroids are mostly found in the _______ belt.13.My favorite fruit is ________ (葡萄) in summer.14.The ancient city of Pompeii was buried by the eruption of ______ (维苏威火山).15.What shape has three sides?A. SquareB. TriangleC. CircleD. Rectangle答案: B16.My pet fish swims around its ______ (鱼缸).17.What do you call the process of learning and gaining knowledge?A. EducationB. RecreationC. VacationD. Celebration答案:A18.The country known for its ancient ruins and temples is ________ (以古代遗址和庙宇闻名的国家是________).19.根据图片把下列单词补充完整。
了不起的盖茨比第七章英语单词知乎
了不起的盖茨比第七章英语单词知乎以下是《了不起的盖茨比》第七章中出现的一些单词及其用法解释:1. Debauch: (verb) to corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality.Example: The wild party in Gatsby's mansion was filled with debauchery and excess.2. Sotto voce: (adverb) in a low voice, or in an undertone.Example: Jordan spoke to Nick sotto voce, revealing a secret that nobody else could hear.3. Affront: (verb) to insult intentionally.Example: Tom felt affronted when Gatsby openly declared his love for Daisy.4. Elude: (verb) to evade or escape from, as by daring, cleverness, or skill.Example: Despite all efforts, the truth about Gatsby's past eluded everyone.5. Nebulous: (adjective) hazy, vague, indistinct, or confused.Example: Gatsby's actual identity remained nebulous to many of his party guests.6. Meretricious: (adjective) alluring by a show of flashy or vulgar attractions, but often without real value.Example: Daisy was not impressed by the meretricious displays of wealth at Gatsby's parties.7. Contemptuous: (adjective) showing or expressing contempt or disdain; scornful.Example: Tom looked at Gatsby with a contemptuous expression, as he considered him a social climber.8. Ineffable: (adjective) incapable of being expressed or described in words; inexpressible.Example: Daisy experienced an ineffable sense of longing when Gatsby took her for a drive in his fancy car.9. Ramification: (noun) a consequence or implication; a branching out.Example: The ramification of Gatsby's obsession with Daisy was the destruction of his own life.10. Libertine: (noun) a person who is morally or sexually unrestrained, especially a dissolute man.Example: Gatsby was often seen as a libertine, indulging in extravagant parties and relationships.11. Sluggish: (adjective) displaying slow or lazy movements or responses.Example: The sluggish summer heat made everyone at the party feel lethargic and unmotivated.12. Pander: (verb) to cater to the lower tastes or base desires of others.Example: Gatsby's extravagant parties were seen by some as an attempt to pander to the desires of the wealthy elite.13. Incarnation: (noun) a particular physical form or state; a concrete or actual form of a quality or concept.Example: Gatsby believed that he could recreate himself into an incarnation of the man Daisy truly desired.14. Inexplicable: (adjective) unable to be explained or accounted for.Example: Daisy's sudden attraction towards Gatsby seemed inexplicable to many, considering their past.15. Insidious: (adjective) proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects.Example: Tom warned Daisy about Gatsby's insidious intentions, accusing him of trying to steal her away.16. Supercilious: (adjective) behaving or looking as though one thinks they are superior to others; arrogant.Example: Tom's supercilious attitude towards Gatsby was evident in his condescending mannerisms.17. Saunter: (verb) to walk in a slow, relaxed, and confident manner.Example: Gatsby sauntered across the lawn towards Daisy, trying to appear nonchalant.18. Harrowed: (adjective) distressed or disturbed.Example: Gatsby's harrowed expression revealed the emotional turmoil he was experiencing.19. Truculent: (adjective) eager or quick to argue or fight; aggressively defiant.Example: Tom showed his truculent nature when he confronted Gatsby about his relationship with Daisy.20. Portentous: (adjective) of or like a portent; foreboding; full of unspecified meaning.Example: The dark clouds and thunderous sky seemed portentous, as if something significant was about to happen.21. Gaudiness: (noun) the quality of being tastelessly showy or overly ornate.Example: Despite the gaudiness of Gatsby's mansion, the guests were drawn to its opulence.22. Indiscernible: (adjective) impossible to see or clearly distinguish.Example: In the chaos of the party, individual voices became indiscernible and blended into a cacophony.23. Intermittent: (adjective) occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady.Example: The intermittent rain throughout the night dampened the enthusiasm of the party guests.24. Stratum: (noun) a layer or a series of layers of rock in the ground.Example: Gatsby tried to climb the social stratum, hoping to be accepted by the upper class.25. Harlequin: (noun) a character in traditional pantomime; a buffoon.Example: Gatsby's harlequin smile hid the sadness and longing he felt for Daisy.26. Disconcerting: (adjective) causing one to feel unsettled or disturbed.Example: Daisy's disconcerting confession about her true feelings left Gatsby feeling disoriented and hurt.请注意,以上的双语例句是根据所给的单词和上下文进行编写的,但并非《了不起的盖茨比》中的原文。
小学上册第十三次英语第二单元测验试卷
小学上册英语第二单元测验试卷考试时间:90分钟(总分:100)B卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 选择题:What is the capital of Russia?A. MoscowB. St. PetersburgC. KievD. Minsk2. 选择题:What do you call a large body of saltwater?A. RiverB. OceanC. PondD. Lake答案:B3. 听力题:The dog is _______ (barking) loudly.4. (Ottoman) Empire lasted for over six centuries. 填空题:The ____5. 填空题:____(Rainforests) have many trees and receive a lot of rain.6. 听力题:A ____ has soft fur and likes to cuddle.7. 填空题:I want to create a ________ to celebrate love.8. 选择题:What do you call the process of growing plants?A. FarmingB. GardeningC. AgricultureD. All of the above答案:D9. 填空题:I like to take ________ (照片) of nature.10. 听力题:Chemical reactions can produce heat, light, or ______.11. 听力题:The bear catches _______ in the river.12. 选择题:What do we call the frozen form of water?A. IceB. SteamC. LiquidD. Vapor13. 听力题:A _______ can help provide food for your family.14. 选择题:What is the capital of Singapore?A. SingaporeB. Kuala LumpurC. JakartaD. Manila15. 听力题:The Pacific Ocean is __________ than the Atlantic Ocean.16. 填空题:The ________ (农业实践改进) ensures sustainability.17. 听力题:The stars are _______ (twinkling) in the sky.18. 填空题:The __________ is a large lake located in East Africa. (维多利亚湖)19. 填空题:I love to smell the _____ (玫瑰).20. 填空题:I feel _______ when I sing.21. 听力题:Friction happens when two surfaces ______ (rub) against each other.22. 填空题:My dad is a great __________ (支持者) of my dreams.23. 选择题:What is the term for the area of space where tiny particles collide and create cosmic rays?A. Cosmic Ray ZoneB. Particle AcceleratorC. High-Energy ZoneD. Collision Zone24. 听力题:The process of separating mixtures is called ______.25. 填空题:I love to _______ (体验) new adventures.26. 填空题:A plant’s _____ (生命周期) includes germination, growth, and reproduction.27. 选择题:What is the largest ocean on Earth?a. Atlantic Oceanb. Indian Oceanc. Arctic Oceand. Pacific Ocean答案:d28. 选择题:What is the opposite of 'thin'?A. SmallB. FatC. NarrowD. Slim29. 选择题:What do you call a young female horse?A. ColtB. FillyC. FoalD. Mare答案: B30. 听力题:The __________ is the main pathway for trade and travel across Europe.31. Wall is located in ________ (中国). 填空题:The Grea32. 听力题:A _______ can help to demonstrate the principles of thermodynamics.33. 听力题:Dissolving sugar in water is a _______ change.34. 选择题:What do you call the process of making food?A. CookingB. EatingC. CleaningD. Serving35. 选择题:What is the name of the famous river in Peru?A. AmazonB. UcayaliC. MarañónD. All of the above36. 选择题:What is the capital of Croatia?A. ZagrebB. BelgradeC. LjubljanaD. Sarajevo答案:A. Zagreb37. 听力题:She is _____ (talking) to her friend.38. 听力题:The chemical formula for phthalic acid is ______.39. 填空题:My ________ (玩具名称) can float on water.40. 填空题:The _____ (香草) in my garden is used for cooking.41. 填空题:_____ (植物观察) teaches us about ecology.42. 填空题:The _______ (鲸鱼) communicates with others through songs.43. 选择题:What do we call the time when you celebrate your birth?A. AnniversaryB. BirthdayC. HolidayD. Festival44. 听力题:The Earth's surface is shaped by both internal and ______ processes.45. 听力题:The __________ can indicate areas at risk of environmental degradation.46. 选择题:What do you call a young kangaroo?A. JoeyB. PupC. CubD. Kid答案:A47. 选择题:What is the color of a ripe tomato?A. GreenB. YellowC. RedD. Orange答案:C48. 听力题:The flower is _______ (beautiful).49. 选择题:What do bees make?A. MilkB. HoneyC. BreadD. Jam答案:B50. 听力题:My dad works as a _____ (engineer/teacher).51. 填空题:The weather is _______ (非常好).52. 听力题:The capital of the Maldives is _______.53. 填空题:I enjoy playing ______ (排球) at the beach during summer vacations.54. 填空题:My cousin loves to __________ (写作) poetry.55. 填空题:The _______ (The French Revolution) overthrew the monarchy in France.56. 填空题:We saw a ________ in the park.57. 填空题:The country known for its pyramids is ________ (以金字塔闻名的国家是________).58. 填空题:A _____ (城市绿化) initiative can improve living conditions.59. peninsula) is a landform surrounded by water on three sides. 填空题:The ____60. 选择题:How many legs does an octopus have?A. SixB. EightC. FourD. Ten61. 填空题:The ________ is a small animal that hops around.62. 听力题:The __________ is a region known for its traditional crafts.Which planet is closest to the Sun?A. EarthB. VenusC. MercuryD. Mars64. 选择题:What is the name of the ocean on the east coast of the USA?A. Atlantic OceanB. Pacific OceanC. Indian OceanD. Arctic Ocean答案:A65. 填空题:The scientist studies _____ (生物) in the lab.66. 填空题:A __________ (气相色谱) separates and analyzes compounds in the gas phase.67. 选择题:What do you call a person who plays the piano?A. PianistB. GuitaristC. DrummerD. Violinist68. 听力题:The _______ can be very fragrant.69. 选择题:What is the term for the amount of space an object occupies?A. VolumeB. AreaC. MassD. Density答案:A70. 选择题:What do we call a person who writes poetry?A. NovelistB. PoetC. WriterD. Dramatist答案:B__________ reactions can produce heat or light.72. 填空题:My sister is __________ (善解人意的).73. 填空题:My niece is very .74. 填空题:The ________ (生态互动) is intricate.75. 选择题:What do we breathe in?A. WaterB. Carbon DioxideC. OxygenD. Helium答案:C76. 填空题:I enjoy ______ (与朋友一起) discussing books.77. 选择题:Which of these is a large body of water?A. LakeB. RiverC. OceanD. All of the above答案:D78. 填空题:The __________ (历史的丰厚底蕴) inform practices.79. 听力题:The boy has a new ________.80. 填空题:The filmmaker creates _____ (电影) that tell stories.81. 填空题:The kids are _______ in the playground.82. 听力填空题:I think everyone should learn how to __________.The ant builds its home in the _________. (土壤)84. 填空题:I found a ________ (神秘的盒子) hidden in my attic. I wonder what’s inside!85. 听力题:I have a _______ (friend) named Tom.86. 填空题:I enjoy baking ______ (饼干) to share with my friends.87. 填空题:My mom is a great __________ (影响者).88. 听力题:A _______ is a tool that helps us measure time.89. 听力题:The __________ is known for its unique cultural practices.90. 听力题:My friend enjoys playing ____ (guitar) at home.91. 听力题:A __________ is a flat area of land that is higher than the surrounding land.92. oasis) is a fertile area in a desert. 填空题:The ____93. 听力题:The Earth's magnetic field protects it from solar ______.94. 选择题:What is the largest mammal in the world?A. ElephantB. WhaleC. GiraffeD. Hippopotamus答案:B95. 选择题:What do you call a person who helps people?A. TeacherB. DoctorC. ChefD. Scientist96. 填空题:In the garden, we have many ________ (树) and flowers that attract ________ (蜜蜂).97. 填空题:I often draw pictures of ________.98. 填空题:My friend is a great __________ (摄影师) with a creative eye.99. 选择题:What do you call a baby dog?A. PuppyB. KittenC. CalfD. Foal答案:A100. 听力题:Different types of atoms are represented by different _____ on the periodic table.。
小学上册第十一次英语第1单元真题
小学上册英语第1单元真题英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.The capital of Grenada is __________.2.The ______ (植物的特征) can inform garden design.3.The flowers smell _______ (香).4.What do we call the area of land that is surrounded by water?A. IslandB. PeninsulaC. CoastD. Shore5.What do bees make?A. MilkB. HoneyC. JamD. Butter6. A _______ is a substance that can accept protons in a reaction.7.The _____ (bus) is coming soon.8.What do you call the process of plants making their own food?A. DigestionB. PhotosynthesisC. RespirationD. GerminationB9.What is the capital of Uzbekistan?A. TashkentB. SamarkandC. BukharaD. FerganaA Tashkent10.My sister has a pet ______ (兔子) named Fluffy.11.What do we call the season when it rains a lot?A. SummerB. WinterC. SpringD. Autumn12.The cat is _____ on the couch. (lying)13.The first Olympic Games were held in ________ (古希腊).14.Which instrument is played by blowing air into it?A. GuitarB. DrumsC. FluteD. Piano15.The fall of the Roman Empire was a turning point in ________ (历史).16.My turtle is very _______ (温和).17.In _____ (越南), pho is a traditional dish.18.The process of evaporation can lead to __________ of solutions.19.What is the name of the famous fictional detective created by Arthur Conan Doyle?A. Hercule PoirotB. Sam SpadeC. Sherlock HolmesD. Miss MarpleC Sherlock Holmes20.My dad provides __________ (指导) when I need it.21.The process of separating mixtures based on their boiling points is called _______.22.What do you call a young meerkat?A. KitB. PupC. CalfD. Cub23.Which animal is known for its long tail and swinging from trees?A. DogB. CatC. MonkeyD. ElephantC24.I have _______ (many) friends at school.25.The __________ is where the Earth's crust is thinnest.26.How many players are on a badminton team?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 527.Evaporation is a type of ______ change.28. A ______ is a nocturnal animal.29.I find ________ (天文学) very interesting.30.I like to feel the __________ on my skin during a sunny day. (阳光)31.The rabbit's favorite food is ________________ (胡萝卜).32.What is the common name for the disease caused by a lack of vitamin C?A. ScurvyB. RicketsC. AnemiaD. FluA33.What do we call a scientist who studies the atmosphere?A. MeteorologistB. GeologistC. ChemistD. BiologistA34.Which fruit is often mistaken for a vegetable?A. StrawberryB. TomatoC. LemonD. PeachB35.The butterfly goes through a ______ (变形) phase.36.The _______ (The Cold War) was characterized by a struggle for global influence.37.What do we call the study of the earth and its features?A. GeographyB. GeologyC. EcologyD. MeteorologyA38.I can _____ (讲) stories.39.The capital of Brunei is __________.40.Oxygen is essential for ______.41. A ________ (温泉) is a natural hot spring.42.My friend is very __________ (勤奋的).43.They are _____ (collecting) seashells.44.My favorite game is _____ (chess/football).45.What type of animal is a frog?A. MammalB. ReptileC. AmphibianD. Fish46.The Earth's crust is rich in ______ materials.47.What is the opposite of fast?A. QuickB. SlowC. SpeedyD. Rapid48.What is the term for a story that teaches a lesson?A. FableB. MythC. LegendD. NovelA49.Brazil is famous for its _____ (47) during Carnival.50.The badger is known for its digging ______ (能力).51.The __________ (历史的叙述风格) influence interpretation.52. A ______ is a geographical feature that attracts scientists.53.The process of sedimentation separates solids from ______.54.The trees in the _______ provide shade and a place to rest.55.The hedgehog rolls into a _________. (球)56.What do we call the act of managing finances?A. BudgetingB. AccountingC. InvestingD. PlanningA57.I have a toy _______ that can move its arms and legs.58.What is the name of the famous volcano in Italy?A. Mount EverestB. Mount FujiC. Mount VesuviusD. Mount KilimanjaroC59.Which planet is known as the Red Planet?A. EarthB. MarsC. JupiterD. Venus60.Respiration is a process that occurs in ________.61.I like to ______ (参与) in community events.62.What is the main ingredient in a Caesar salad?A. Romaine lettuceB. SpinachC. KaleD. Arugula63.I enjoy cooking ______ (美味) meals for my family.64. A llama can carry _______ (重物).65.The __________ (峭壁) overlooks the sea.66.The ancient Egyptians worshipped gods like ______ (拉) and ______ (伊西斯).67.Which of these is a type of tree?A. RoseB. OakC. DaisyD. SunflowerB68.The puppy is __________ and cute.69.The weather is ______ (sunny) today.70. A __________ is formed by the melting of glaciers.71.The __________ was a significant event in the fight for women's suffrage. (选举权运动)72.What is the opposite of hot?A. ColdB. WarmC. SunnyD. CoolA73.The __________ was a series of wars fought in the Middle Ages. (十字军东征)74.I play _____ (游戏) on my tablet.75.The cake smells _______ (甜美).76.The __________ (历史的探索旅程) promises discovery.77.The _______ can symbolize strength and resilience.78.The __________ is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy.79.The park is very ________.80.What do you call a baby cat?A. PuppyB. KittenC. CubD. Chick81. A ______ (蛇) can be colorful and sometimes dangerous.82.What do you call the process of water falling from the sky?A. EvaporationB. PrecipitationC. CondensationD. CollectionB83.What do you call a baby cow?A. KittenB. CalfC. PuppyD. LambB84.What is the name of the famous clock tower in London?A. Big BenB. Eiffel TowerC. Leaning TowerD. Tower of PisaA85.The antelope runs very _________ (快).86.I like to ________ (听音乐) while studying.87.What is the capital city of Japan?A. BeijingB. SeoulC. TokyoD. BangkokC Tokyo88.What do we use to tell time?A. CalendarB. ClockC. MapD. ThermometerB89.I enjoy the smell of ______ (新鲜空气) after rain.90.What do you call the main character in a story?A. HeroB. VillainC. ProtagonistD. Antagonist91.My pet ___ (小仓鼠) sleeps in its cozy bed.92.The dog is _____ (barking/sleeping) in the yard.93.What do we call the study of the Earth's surface?A. GeographyB. GeologyC. AstronomyD. EcologyA94.My dad loves to go cycling in the ____ (park).95.Plants can be used to improve ______ (土壤质量).96.An example of a noble gas is _______.97.My sister plays the ____ (drums) in her school band.98.The atomic number tells you the number of ______ in an atom.99.I can learn about nature with my ________ (玩具名称).100.I love to ______ stories.。
图书精读:为什么我的人生这么不顺,原来让世界运转的法则是这样
为何么会被相似的人吸引? ─变色龙效应
「变色龙效应(chameleon effect)」
变色龙这种动物的特色是会随着周遭环境改变自己身体的
颜色。无意识中模仿对方的行与表情,或信赖与自己行动
我们都是弱者, 我们相互同情
人们为什么会帮弱者加油呢?原因正是因为心有戚戚焉。自认为是弱者的 人,会自然而然地对其他弱者抱有一体感。且因为弱者的胜利是「不在意 料之内的胜利」,所以高兴也会加倍。
比100句话更具效果的 安慰方法? ─拥抱效应
「拥抱效应- 拥抱时会分泌催产素,让身体变得舒适。」
据说有一种比世界上任何药物更能好好抚慰我们心灵的强效治 疗药: 拥抱。在英文中意味拥抱一词的「hug」,其语源 来自 古代挪威的「hugga」这个单字,hugga具有「使其舒适放 松」、「给予安慰」之意。
君士坦丁迷出品
读书精华:为什么我的人生这么不顺
46个法则,涉及恋爱、职场、人际 关系、生活等方面。介绍了社会学、 心理学、经济学、管理学、科学、
文学等各种领域的主要概念
内容概要
韩国EBS电视台当红知识型节目《세상의 모든 법칙(直译:世上的所有法则》制作组,找出人生在世所经历的各种 事件,以及其中运行的法则,并不断加以思考。 以有趣的视觉方式表现这些内容,如此诞生的节目便是《世上的所有 法则》。 节目播放以来累积超过200篇故事,本书则收录了节目中最具人气的 篇章。 书中凝聚了制作组的苦思及能量,希望读者们在阅读完本书后,不只 获得了知识,也能在日常生活中找到专属于自己、别具意义的共鸣点。
阿图尔‧叔本华 Arthur Schopenhauer 豪猪两难说的重点是找出既不会让 对方受伤,又能分享温暖的「适当的距离」。树木与树木之间需要距离, 才有空间够让枝桠伸展开;建筑物与建筑物间也需要有距离,才能让光线照 进窗内。
26个常见心理学效应(26commonpsychologicaleffects)
26个常见心理学效应(26 common psychological effects)1, broken window effect"The United States Stanford University Jabaron conducted a test, he found two cars to the car as like as two peas, a parrot placed in Artaud's middle-class community, while another car parked in the relatively messy Bronx block. Parked in Bronx, he took off the license plate and opened the ceiling. As a result, the car was stolen within a day, and the one in Palo Arto for a week was left alone. Later, Zhan Ba fights with a hammer the car knocked a big hole. And the result? It was only a few hours before it was gone.2, the "Diderot effect", also known as the "matching effect"In eighteenth Century, France had a philosopher named Dennis Diderot. One day, a friend sent him a fine in texture, exquisite workmanship, elegant design wine red robe. Diderot very love, but he wore luxurious robe for me at home, always feel the color of furniture is wrong, the carpet also has a terrible pin. So in order to and matching robe, the old stuff has updated, the study finally caught up with the robe of the grade, he can still feel very uncomfortable, because he was a nightgown stress ", then put this feeling into an article" and the old robe parting trouble ". Two hundred years later, Juliet Schroer, an economist at the Harvard University, called this phenomenon the "Diderot effect" in the book "over consuming Americans", also known as the "matching effect"".3 Butterfly EffectWhat is the butterfly effect? In December 1979, Lorenz said in a speech at the American Association for the advancement of Science in Washington that a butterfly flaps its wings in Brazil and might cause a tornado in Texas, the United states. His speech and conclusion left a deep impression on the people. Since then, the so-called "Butterfly Effect" that fame was spread like wildfire.4. Catfish effect"The Norwegians eat sardines, but when the fishermen fishing to fishing sardine, found that most of the sardine is dead, dead fish do not sell on price, how to do? The fishermen came up with a clever way, that is the natural predator of the sardines catfish and sardines together. When the fishermen fishing, always first prepare a few active catfish, once captured sardines into the tank, the catfish also put into the water tank, because of its vitality and catfish swimming around, occasionally hunt sardines, sardines, was found dissidents and natural tension, run, the whole fish tank disturbed floating up and down, also make the water fluctuates constantly, thus oxygen is abundant, so that can guarantee the land into fishing sardine alive and kicking. This phenomenon is known as the catfish effect". "5, Matthew effect (Matthew Effect)In the twenty-fifth chapter of the gospel of Matthew in the Bible, there is such a saying: "if there is anything, add it to him, make him superfluous; he who does not have, even what he has will be taken away.". In 1968, U.S. researchers RobertMorton (Robert K. Merton) proposed the term to summarize a social psychological phenomenon: "research relative to those not well-known, famous scientists usually get more prestige even if their achievements are similar, similarly, in the same project, reputation is usually given to those who are already famous research results, research results, more people are often more aka, more people more famous achievements, finally produced the academic authority.." The term for economics borrowed, reflecting the poor poorer, the rich richer, the economic phenomenon of winner take all. Matthew Effect (Matthew effect), that is, in society, especially in the economic sphere, there is a widespread phenomenon: the strong Heng Qiang, the weak weak, or the winner takes all. In 1968, Robert Morton (Robert K. Merton), a researcher in the history of American science, used the Matthew effect to describe this social psychological phenomenon for the first time.6 frog phenomenonPut a frog into a hot pot directly, because it is very sensitive to the adverse environment, it will quickly jump out of the pot. If you put a frog into a pot of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not immediately jumped out of the pot, water temperature gradually increased in the end is the frog was boiled to death, because of the high temperature to the frog is unbearable, it was too late, or can not jump out of the pot.7, crocodile lawThe original idea is to assume that a crocodile is biting your feet. If you try to break free of your hands with your hands,the crocodile will bite your feet and hands at the same time. The more you struggle, the more you bite. So, in case the alligator bites you, the only way you can do it is to sacrifice one foot. For example, in the stock market, the law of the crocodile is: when you find that your trading deviates from the direction of the market, you must stop immediately, there must be no delay, you can not have any luck.8, herd effectSheep go back, the sheep will follow where to go. Herding is the first investment in shares of a term, mainly refers to the investor's learning and imitation phenomenon in the transaction process, "suit", blindly follow others, leading them to buy and sell the same stock in a certain period of time.9, hedgehog lawTwo sleepy hedgehogs gathered together because of the cold. But because they had thorns, so they left a distance, but they were too cold to bear, so they came together. After several agonizing attempts, the two hedgehogs finally found the right distance: they could get each other's warmth without getting caught. The hedgehog rule mainly refers to the psychological distance effect in interpersonal communication".10. Law of watchesThe law of watches refers to the fact that when a person has a watch, he knows what time it is, and when he has two at the same time, he can not be sure. Two tables do not tell a personmore accurate time, but will make watch people lose confidence in accurate time. Watch law gives us a very intuitive inspiration in the aspect of enterprise management, is not the same person or the same organization at the same time using two different methods, can also set two different objectives, and even every man cannot by two people at the same time command, otherwise it will make a loss this enterprise or individual.11 and 28 law (Pareto's law)In the late twentieth Century and early nineteenth Century, Baledo, an economist in Italy, thought that in any group of things, the most important only accounted for a small part, about 20%, while the other 80%, though the majority, were secondary. About 80% of society's wealth is concentrated in the hands of 20% people, while 80% of people only have 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance exists everywhere in society, economy and life, and this is the 28 law.12, barrel theory (also known as short board effect)If the wooden board is not uniform, the amount of water in the cask does not depend on the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest piece of wood.13, threshold effectPsychologist Friedman (J.L.Freedman) and Ferreze (S.C.Fraser) a study shows that allowing people to accept smaller requirements, to make them gradually accept larger requirements, which is the "threshold effect."". PsychologistR.B.Cialdini also found that when people refused to accept a larger requirement, cognitive incongruity drove them to create a new balance and thus accepted a smaller requirement. It is easier to accept this little request when small requests are clearly linked to big demands and are followed by big demands.14, hurlocks effectPsychologist Glock (E.B.Hunlock) had an experiment, he divided the subjects into four groups, four different incentives in the completion of the task. The first group is the praise group,Every time after work to be commended and encouraged; the second group training group, after every working group was severely reprimanded; third neglected group, not only for the evaluation of other two groups by listening to praise and criticism; the fourth group as the control group, and let them in three groups before isolation, without any evaluation. Results the work scores of the first three groups were better than the control group, and the praised group and the trained rejection group were better than the neglect group, while the scores of the praise group were rising. The experiment shows that the timely evaluation of the work results can strengthen the motivation and promote the work. The effect of proper praise is better than criticism, and the effect of criticism is better than that of none.15, southerly effectLa Fontaine, a French writer, wrote a fable about the north wind and the south wind than might. That is to see who uses the methodto make pedestrians take off their coats. The north wind without thinking first came to a cold, bitter cold. So, in order to resist the pedestrian, put a coat wrapped up, and no meaning. The south wind is not so. It moves slowly and warms people. Unconsciously, the man undid his button and then took off his coat. The south wind won.16, Hobson choice effectIn 1631, British businessman Hobson horse, the horse put out for the customers to choose from, but there is a condition that can only choose the horse most close to the door. Obviously, plus this condition is virtually no choice. The choice of "no choice" was later ridiculed as "Hobson's choice effect"". Social psychologists point out that it is impossible for creative learning, life and work if someone falls into the dilemma of the Hobson choice effect.17, Hawthorne effectThe Hawthorne plant on the outskirts of Chicago is a factory that makes telephone switches. It has better entertainment facilities, medical system and pension system, but the mood of workers is still resentful and the production situation is very unsatisfactory. To solve the problem, the factory has been trying hard to find out why. In November 1924, the national researchers organized a team of psychologists and other experts to conduct a series of research trials at the plant. The central task of this series of experiments is the relationship between production efficiency and working material conditions. There is a "talk experiment" in this series of experiments, with morethan two years, by the experts to find workers individual talk of more than 20000 times. Stipulated in the conversation process, must patiently listen to the worker to the factory each kind of opinion, and makes the detailed record; to the worker's disaffection, all is not allowed to refute and rebuke. The talk experiment has had an unexpected effect: the output of Hawthorne's factory has increased substantially. Why? This is because the workers have long been dissatisfied with the various management systems and methods of the factory and have never been able to vent their views. The "talk experiment" has given them a sense of relief and a drive to boost their discontent. Social psychologists call this wonderful phenomenon the Hawthorne effect".18, the psychological effect of gossip"The Warring States, Qin policy two" records: "one fee Hu and namesake had accused of murder, Zeng Zi said:" mother had participated in the murder "was of slight muyue:" my son not to kill. " Hard fabric. One moment, you Yue: "Zeng Shen has killed a person.." The mother is still herself. Ares, who also told said: "Zeng Shen has killed a person.." The mother of fear, cast over the wall and go shuttle."General ginseng is a famous ancient Chinese sage, he attaches great importance to moral cultivation, to reflect on their own again and again every day. The mother know very much about him, that his son will not dry out the murder, but can not afford to take "all in one story again and again, then again also Zeng Shen has killed a person." sit down, weaving shuttle over the wall to escape. In a word the terrible rumors Zeng Shen haskilled a person. yu.The rumor spread into a tattle and prate often. Some people deliberately invent rumors for some purpose, and they can become a spiritual contagion when they are transmitted",A mass ten, ten hundred, if someone from waves, it will affect more people.A saying by a Western aspirant called "a lie repeated one thousand times will become truth", which is the usual practice of all liars. By extension, "* * *" like cult leader is such a ridiculous idea to all believers, let them pay homage to sacrifice.There is also a more absurd delusion of transmission in psychiatry, called inductive psychosis". In a close group, an influential member of mental illness is delusional, the delusional ideas came to normal people around, so everyone on his reality distortion even followed him with ideas for gospel truth, "". Such cases are very common in psychiatry. A housewife, suspected neighbor in her food poisoning, after her husband and children a total of eight people have appeared poisoning symptoms, and insist the neighbors to resort to legal poison. After investigation, the housewife is suffering from paranoid psychosis, her "delusion of poisoning" infects the whole family. Delusion is a perverse and illogical idea. According to common sense, the family should be able to identify but be infected by people who are close to themselves. That is the great role of telepathy. Some cult leader put their delusion to believers, when a large number of believers can see "flying angels", "MaryEmmanuel", "Buddha dharmakaya"...... The psychological effect of gossip is big, can not be underestimated, therefore, to the days of rumors, should think seriously, can not believe, not SUIDA Liu, with people, communication.19, conformity effectA joke said: "wandering the streets every day, and suddenly see a long line of stretching, and quickly stand in line after the team, for fear of missing what the opportunity to buy scarce necessities.". Wait until the team turned the corner, we found that the original is the line up on the toilet, not only can't help laughing. This is a joke from the crowd. Conformity refers to the change in the direction of a person's idea and behavior, as a result of group guidance or pressure. In popular terms, conformity is "following the crowd"". It can be expressed as the adoption of dominant behavior in a temporary and specific situation, or a long-term acceptance of dominant ideas and behavior20, opposite sex effectPsychologists have in a test found that men in men and women at the same table meal than men eating a lot of civilization, this is because most people in front of the opposite sex pay more attention to their words and deeds.21, expectation effect (Piga Marley Weng effect, Rosenthal effect)Piga Marion was a well carved king of ancient Cyprus, whobrought all his enthusiasm and hope into his carved young statue and later made the statue live. Psychologist Rosenthal (R. Rosenthal) and Jacobsen L. F. Jacobson) called "Marley Dion beeger".Rosenthal and his colleagues asked the teachers to take an intelligence test on the pupils they taught. They tell the teachers, some students in the class are late bloomers (lateblooming), and the names of students to read for the teacher. Rosenthal believes that these students' academic performance is expected to be improved. Since Rosenthal announced late bloomer list, Rosenthal had no contact with the students, teachers also no mention of the matter. In fact all of a person's list is randomly selected from a class of students in their class, and other students are not significantly different. But at the end of the semester, the students were given an intelligence test again, and their performance was significantly better than the first one. This ending is what caused it? Rosenthal believes that this may be because the teachers think that these late for a student, began to emerge, give special care and care, so that their performance can be improved.Piga Marley Weng effect and Rosenthal effect all reflect the function of expectation, so they are also called expectancy effect22 halo effectAlso known as the halo effect, which in interpersonal communication, it is often a feature from each other has thegeneralization to other related a series of characteristics, from the local information to form a complete impression, that is according to the amount ofThe situation draws a full conclusion to others. The so-called "beauty in the eyes of the beholder" is the halo effect.Halo effect is actually the result of generalization and expansion of individual subjective inference. In a halo effect, a person's merits or faults once turned into aperture are expanded, and their merits or demerits are retreated to the back of the light, which is ignored by others.23, projective effectIn interpersonal relationships, a cognitive person makes an impression of others by assuming that he or she has the same tendency to project his characteristics onto others. Theso-called "to the hearts of small people, the degree of gentleman's belly", reflecting this projection is a side effect.24, primacy effectA person's first impression often has the following psychological function: premise, function (first impressions); generalization function (spread to other people or other aspects). Falling in love at first sight is the first cause effect. In large-scale concerts, singers often compete for the first appearance, because of the first effect.25, stereotype effectMental set, also called the heart, mainly refers to the impact of past experience, psychology in a ready state, thus with a certain tendency, focus and tendency in terms of the way of getting along with people. Psychological set has positive and negative, positive and negative points. Stereotype effects can help us understand people in a general way, but tend to produce cognitive biases.26, marginal effectThe marginal effect is the concept of economics, the meaning is the same thing with the value of it is proportional to the need to meet, why this is touched is more exciting than on timely assistance.。
小学上册第十四次英语第4单元期末试卷
小学上册英语第4单元期末试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.The first successful use of anesthesia was during the ________ (手术).2.Elements are organized in the _______ table.3. A toad prefers moist ______ (环境).4.They are going to the ___ (supermarket/library).5.The tree has ______ (green) leaves.6.What is the name of the famous British author known for "Harry Potter"?A. J.K. RowlingB. Philip PullmanC. C.S. LewisD. Roald Dahl答案:A7.The ________ was a key document in the founding of modern democracy.8.I like to watch my ________ (玩具名称) dance.9.What is 10 - 7?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5答案:B10.What do we call a series of steps to solve a problem?A. StrategyB. PlanC. MethodD. Equation答案:A11.The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be ______.12.Hedgehogs have _________ (刺) on their backs.13.Which of these is a cold drink?A. CoffeeB. JuiceC. SodaD. Both B and C答案:D14.My sister is _____ her homework now. (finishing)15.The butterfly rests on a _______ (蝴蝶停在_______上).16.I like to _______ (整理) my room every week.17.What is 8 + 7?A. 14B. 15C. 16D. 17答案:A18.The _____ (狐狸) is a master of disguise.19.What do you call a person who studies history?A. HistorianB. ScientistC. MathematicianD. Geographer答案:A20. A ______ is the smallest unit of a compound.21.I want to ___ (see/meet) my best friend.22.The chemical symbol for iodine is ______.23.I feel happy when __________ because __________.24.The _____ (香草) smells great in the kitchen.25.What do we call the distance around a circle?A. AreaB. DiameterC. CircumferenceD. Radius答案:C26.The chemical formula for potassium bromide is ______.27.What is the tallest mountain in the world?A. K2B. KilimanjaroC. EverestD. Denali28.What do bees make?A. ButterB. CheeseC. HoneyD. Jam答案:C29.In a saturated solution, the solute cannot _____ any further at a specific temperature.30. A _______ can measure the pressure of gases in a closed container.31.What is the capital of Egypt?A. CairoB. AlexandriaC. LuxorD. Aswan32.Which insect makes honey?A. AntB. ButterflyC. BeeD. Fly答案:C33.We need to buy ________ for the party.34.The bookstore has many ________.35.We can see ________ in the sky.36.I help my mom in the ________ after dinner.37.The _____ (mountain/river) is high.38.What is the name of the large African animal with a long trunk?A. RhinoB. HippopotamusC. ElephantD. Giraffe39.The _______ of a plant can be very strong.40.The study of matter and its changes is called _______.41.The _____ (教室) is quiet.42.The ______ is a type of reptile.43. _______ (跳舞) on stage. She like44.The garden is _____ (full/empty) of flowers.45.The capital city of Jamaica is __________.46.I love to explore ________ (国家) during vacations.47.My friends and I often joke with each other and call each other __. (我的朋友和我常常开玩笑,相互称呼为。
湖北省武汉市东湖高新区2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中英语试卷
湖北省武汉市东湖高新区2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中英语试卷(解析版)二、单项选择(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。
将代表该答案的字母在答题卡上相应的位置涂黑。
17.(1分)—Would you mind if I turn on the radio now?—__________.My baby is sleeping.()A.Yes,please B.Of course notC.Never mind D.You'd better not18.(1分)—You're confident about the job interview,aren't you?—__________.I'm well prepared for it.()A.Hard to say B.SureC.Not really D.I hope so19.(1分)—It's really nice of you to give me a ride on such a rainy day.—__________.()A.With pleasure B.I'm afraid notC.My pleasure D.The same to you20.(1分)—Have you tried the "Optics Valley Photon" air rail train (光谷量子号空轨)yet?—Yes.It is amazing!It has become the __________ of Wuhan.()A.pride B.center C.effort D.design21.(1分)More and more communities have made a strict warning that dog owners must keep their dogs __________while walking.()A.connected B.tied C.stuck D.covered 22.(1分)—Have you decided what to do next?—No,we're still in the __________ of discussing.()A.search B.patternC.process D.background23.(1分)—How many students present could work out this problem?—__________.It's far beyond what they've learned.()A.Either B.Any C.Neither D.None24.(1分)—I made little progress in math though I've tried many ways.—Be more __________.It takes time.()A.patient B.careful C.active D.helpful 25.(1分)—What will you do after finishing this project?—I'm going to __________ myself to a big meal.()A.change B.treat C.rush D.guide26.(1分)—Must he embarrass (使…尴尬)Peter in front of the public?—He meant no harm.But you must get used to his __________ way of speaking.()A.direct B.politeC.correct D.interesting27.(1分)—Mum,you __________ sweep the floor,for I have done that.—Thanks,Tommy.()A.needn't B.shouldn't C.can't D.mustn't 28.(1分)—How about trying the East Lake Eye this weekend?—Good idea.Let me __________ the opening time on the Internet.()A.look up B.take up C.make up D.think up 29.(1分)—Have you watched the opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games?—Yes,it __________ for nearly one and a half hours.()A.lasts B.will lastC.lasted D.has lasted30.(1分)—Guess what?This pair of chopsticks is made from potatoes.—Oh,it's really hard to tell __________ the look.()A.on B.by C.at D.with31.(1分)The famous saying "Long as the journey is,we will surely reach our destination (目的地)when we stay the course." tells us __________.()A.why we should keep tryingB.where we should goC.how can we become successfulD.what lessons we can learn三、完形填空阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2024年高考真题含解析)2024年北京市普通高中学业水平等级性考试英语试卷(含解析)
2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷英语试卷养成良好的答题习惯,是决定成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
第一部分知识运用(共两节,30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题 1. 5分,共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
I’d just arrived at school, ready for another school day. I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an 1 . “Today at 1: 10 there will be auditions (面试) for a musical.” My friends all jumped up in excitement and asked me, “Will you be going, Amy?” “Sure,” I said. I had no 2 in drama, but I’d try out because my friends were doing it.At 1:10, there was a 3 outside the drama room. Everyone looked energetic. I hadn’t expected I’d be standing there that morning. But now that I was doing it, I 4 felt nervous. What if I wasn’t any good?I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical. They then 5 my singing skills and asked what role I wanted to play. The teachers were smiling and praising me. I felt like I had a 6 , so I said, “A big role.” They said they’d look into it. I started getting really nervous. What if I didn’t get a main role?Soon, the cast list was 7 . My friends checked and came back shouting, “Amy, you got the main role!” Sure enough, my name was at the top. I just stared at it and started to 8 . I was so happy.After two months we were all prepared and ready to go on stage. It was fun. And when people started 9 , that gave me a boost of confidence. It stayed with me and made me feel 10 . I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun — even if it means stepping out of my comfort zone.1.A.assignment B.initiative C.announcement D.interview2.A.hesitancy B.interest C.worry D.regret3.A.game B.show C.play D.line4.A.suddenly B.continuously C.originally D.generally5.A.advertised B.tested C.challenged D.polished6.A.demand B.credit C.dream D.chance7.A.traded B.posted C.questioned D.claimed8.A.well up B.roll in C.stand out D.go off9.A.whispering B.arguing C.clapping D.stretching10.A.funnier B.fairer C.cleverer D.braver第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分,共15分)A阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。
小学上册第13次英语第四单元真题试卷(含答案)
小学上册英语第四单元真题试卷(含答案)考试时间:80分钟(总分:120)A卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 选择题:What do you call the process of plants making food?A. DigestionB. PhotosynthesisC. RespirationD. Fermentation答案:B2. 填空题:I like to _______ my family.3. 听力题:A ____ is known for its colorful feathers and beautiful songs.4. 听力题:We eat ___ (breakfast/lunch) together.5. 听力填空题:I think that connecting with nature helps us appreciate its __________.6. 听力题:My ______ is very adventurous and loves to explore.7. 听力题:The capital of Malaysia is __________.8. 听力题:A __________ is an area that is permanently frozen.9. 选择题:How many teeth does an adult human have?A. 28B. 30C. 32D. 34答案:C10. 填空题:The hawk uses its keen eyesight to spot ________________ (猎物) from high above.11. 听力题:A reaction that consumes energy is called an ________ reaction.12. 填空题:My _____ (岳父) is very wise.13. 选择题:What do we call the part of the plant that holds the seeds?A. LeafB. FlowerC. FruitD. Stem答案:C14. 填空题:During winter, I like to make ________.15. 听力题:A wheel helps reduce ______.16. 填空题:The __________ (历史的展示) engages the public.17. 听力题:The sky is ______ with stars at night. (filled)18. 选择题:What is the largest mammal in the ocean?A. SharkB. WhaleC. DolphinD. Seal19. 选择题:What is the capital of Bermuda?a. Hamiltonb. St. George'sc. Somerset Villaged. Dockyard答案:a20. 填空题:The manatee is also called a _______ (海牛).21. 填空题:My aunt loves __________ (爬山).22. 选择题:What do we call the process of making a choice between two or more options?A. Decision-makingB. PlanningC. EvaluatingD. Assessing答案:A23. 选择题:What is the name of the famous American singer known for his hit song "Billie Jean"?A. Michael JacksonB. PrinceC. Stevie WonderD. Marvin Gaye答案: A. Michael Jackson24. 选择题:What do we call a place where we can see fish?A. AquariumB. ZooC. Pet storeD. Lake25. 选择题:Which animal is known for hopping?a. Catb. Dogc. Kangarood. Lion答案:C26. 填空题:My grandma is a wonderful __________ (支持者).27. 听力题:The chemical formula for sodium sulfite is ______.28. n Wall divided East and West ______ (柏林). 填空题:The Berl29. 听力题:The sun is _______ (shining) brightly.30. 填空题:The ______ (生态复苏) involves planting native plants.31. 填空题:A ________ (植物文化) enriches society.32. 听力题:The _____ (lamp/desk) is bright.33. zero waste) movement aims to eliminate waste. 填空题:The ____34. 听力题:Frogs are ______ because they can live in water and on land.35. 填空题:The _____ (根系) of a plant can spread wide under the soil.36. 选择题:What is the capital of Italy?A. RomeB. VeniceC. FlorenceD. Milan37. 听力填空题:Spending time with family is important to me. We often go __________ together and enjoy each other’s company. Our family traditions mean a lot to me.38. 填空题:__________ (化学反应速率) can change based on conditions like temperature.39. 听力题:She is wearing a __________ dress.40. 选择题:What do you call the large body of saltwater that covers most of the Earth?A. LakeB. RiverC. OceanD. Pond答案:C41. 选择题:What do we use to tell time?A. CalendarB. ClockC. MapD. Thermometer答案:B42. 填空题:The ______ (鳄鱼) stays still while waiting for prey.43. 填空题:This is my . (这是我的。
The prisoner's dilemma
The prisoner's dilemma describes the following situation:The two players in the game have a mutual interest in avoiding confession and reaching cooperation. However, due to distrust and uncertainty in the decision process, whatever one player chooses, confession is better for the other after all. And such a dominant strategy for both players leads to their mutual betrayal.In a word, both players' individually rational choices sum to a collectively Pareto-inferior outcome. Usually, prisoner's dilemma occurs in games with finite rounds, especially in one-shot game. And one typical case of prisoner's dilemma is the continuous arm race between Soviet Union and US.Ideally, if the game is repeated for more than one time, player would ado pt a strategy of ‘tit for tat’ (conditional cooperation). That is to keep the promise to cooperate in the first time and then hold on, based on the judgement that the other one perform likewise resulting from the fear to be punished in the next round. Finally, the mutual interest would be realized and each player would get a total utility much higher than the score gained in repeating deceit. But this thought has a logical vulnerability. In a game with limited rounds, there is nothing to gain from cooperation in the final round. Since there are no more rounds, where deceit behaviours would be punished, the final round is in fact a one-shot game. The same applies to the previous rounds, and thus the possible cooperative scheme unravels back to the opening. Therefore, the promising cooperative behaviour will only occur in an open-ended the game.Russell Hardin claimed that the collective action problem is formally equal to an n-person prisoners' dilemma. One case for the failure of collective action is the proletarian revolution. The workers have a common interest in revolution, but they know they can enjoy the benefits of socialism no matter whether he joined the revolution or not. Therefore, the working-class often failed to practise collective action bearing their common interests.It is the amount of utility one would get without cooperation with others that determines the feasibility of collective actions. During the collective action, players tend to adopt a ''free ride''. One the one hand, they make no contribution. On the other hand, they hope the others to keep the collaborate behaviours which would ends in an optimal result benefiting every participant. With the invisible hand at the back, everyone takes the same trick, and finally no contribution would turn out. The only solution is an outside coercive condition.The prisoner's dilemma is based on non-zero-sum game. But the Leviathan is based on a zero-sum perspective. Societies exist because they embody a social contract, being association of individuals who find it rational to cooperate. Hobbes stress that all rational individuals are aimed at maximising their expected utility and this would inevitably lead totheir living in a war. This condition just resembles a multi-person version of prisoner's dilemma. Everyone makes promise to peace articles, and each one would break the promise by acting as a free-rider. Leviathan, the sovereign authority created by social contract, warns every one of the sanction and punishment for being defecting and thus lets rational individuals escape the prisoner's dilemma.In conclusion, to escape the prisoner's dilemma, there might be two ways: on one side, external coercive condition such as formal regulations or laws; on the other side, normative conventions emerging from interaction among rational agents.Hollis, Martin (1994) The Philosophy of Social Science: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Little, Daniel (1991) Varieties of Social Explanation: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Social Science. Boulder: Westview Press。
职称英语专业考试相关词汇
职称英语词汇、1.Recite 背诵2.Marvel 对。
惊奇3.Go on 往前走,继续下去,发生,进行4.Go off 离去,走掉,退场,爆炸,响起,消失,售出,便坏5.Sane 健全的6.Palm 手掌7.Relevant 有关的,相应的8.Distribute 分发,分配,分类9.Dilemma 进退两难的局面,困难的选择10.Application 请求,应用程序11.Mainframe 主机,大型机12.Infrared 红外线的13.Scanner 扫描器14.Unimpeded 未受阻的15.Immensely 无限的,广大的16.Make the most of 充分利用17.Hint 暗示,提示,线索18.Podcast 播客19.Claim to fame 知名特色20.Landmark 里程碑21.Take note of 注意到22.Downtown 市区的23.Adventurous 喜欢冒险的24.Psychology 心理学,心理状态25.Assume 假定,设想26.Substantial 坚固的,实质的,真实的,充实的27.Noxious 有害的28.Particulate matter 颗粒物质29.Ozone 新鲜的空气;臭氧30.Hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物31.Exhaust 用尽,耗尽32.If any 即便要33.Combust 消耗,燃烧34.Liability 责任,倾向,债务,不利条件,可能性35.Feasible 可行的36.Creed 信条37.Supreme 极度的,极大地,至高的,最高的38.Pursuit 追寻,追赶,追击39.Thrift 节俭,节约40.Irrespective 不顾的,不考虑的41.Interference 冲突,干涉42.Impede 阻止43.Ethical 与伦理有关的,民族的44.Knight 骑士,武士45.Inflict 造成46.Concur with 同意47.Fatigue 疲劳48.Jolt 摇晃49.Resentment 怨恨50.Bashful 害羞的51.Merciful 仁慈的52.Allusion 提及,暗示53.Wearisome 使疲倦的,使厌倦的,乏味的54.Retort 反驳,反击,回报55.Slander 诽谤56.Scrupulous 小心谨慎的,细心地57.Insinuate 含沙射影的说58.Prudence 审慎59.Sage 贤人,圣人60.Affronted 被冒犯的61.Indolent 懒惰的,不痛的62.Malice 恶意,怨恨63.Resigned 顺从的,64.Irreparable 不能挽回的65.Blunder’大错,失误66.Competent 又能力的,胜任的67.Marginally 略微68.Lapse 下降,流逝,丧失;背离,失效69.Head for 朝、、、、而去70.Conspicuous 显著的71.Tread 踏,行走72.Vibration 振动73.Snail 迟钝的人74.Literally 照字面意思,逐字的75.Mutually 互相的76.Unintelligible 难解的,莫名其妙的77.Diverse 不同的,变化多的78.Extant 现存的79.Extinct 熄灭的,灭绝的,耗尽的80.Striking 打击的,显著的,惊人的81.Far-reaching深远的,广大的82.Connoisseur 鉴赏家83.Coincidence一致,相合84.Roughly粗糙的,概略的85.Spectacular引人入胜的,壮观的86.Constitute 制定法律,建立政府,任命87.Nonetheless 虽然如此,但是88.Rugged 高低不平的,崎岖的89.Mystical 神秘的,奥秘的90.Greenery 温室,草木91.Quaint 离奇有趣的,做的很精巧的92.Scattered 离散的,分散的93.Low-lying 低地的94.Balmy 芳香的95.Crave 恳求,渴望96.Solitude 孤独的97.Pristine 质朴的98.Brisk 活泼的,敏捷的99.Thumping 极大的,100.entice 诱惑,诱使101.alluring迷人的,诱惑的102.ecosystem 生态系统103.doomsayer凶事预示者104.prosper 成功,兴隆,昌盛,繁荣105.sober 冷静的106.afoot 徒步的,准备中107.decisively 决然的果断的108.transaction 交易,事务109.purveyor 承办商110.terrain 地形111.groping 探索的,暗中摸索的112.prose 散文113.exempt from 免除,豁免114.superficial 表面的,肤浅的,浅薄的115.discern 目睹,认识,洞悉,辨别,看清楚116.coincide with 与。
小学上册第十四次英语第4单元真题(含答案)
小学上册英语第4单元真题(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.The _____ (teacher/student) is reading.2.The _____ (水果) of the berry plant is very nutritious.3. civilization was located in ________ (墨西哥). The Azte4.We had a treasure hunt with our toy ____. (玩具名称)5.The _______ of a substance is the amount of mass per unit volume. (密度)6. A tectonic plate boundary where plates move away from each other is called a______ boundary.7. A physical change can often be ______.8. A ____(cliff) is a steep face of rock or earth.9.The _______ of sound is perceived as volume.10.What is the name of the fairy tale character who has very long hair?A. CinderellaB. Sleeping BeautyC. RapunzelD. Belle答案:C11.What is the name of the famous ancient statue in Greece?A. DavidB. Venus de MiloC. Colossus of RhodesD. Winged Victory 答案: B12. A _______ is a process that requires careful measurement.13.What do we call the young of a deer?A. FawnB. CalfC. KidD. Cub答案:A14.The _______ (The Treaty of Versailles) ended World War I and imposed penalties on Germany.15.We have ______ lessons every week.16.We usually have ______ (晚餐) at 7 PM.17.I love to watch _______ at the zoo (我喜欢在动物园看_______).18.The main product of fermentation is ______.19.I want to ________ a new toy.20.The _______ of an object can be tested using a force gauge.21. A cyclone is a rotating storm system characterized by low ______ pressure.22.Which fruit is known for having seeds on the outside?A. KiwiB. StrawberryC. BlueberryD. Pineapple答案:B23.My brother loves to __________ (参加) family game nights.24.The ______ helps us learn about traditional stories.25.The Earth's atmosphere consists mostly of ______.26. A ________ (森林) is full of different plants.27.The children are _____ in the classroom. (quiet)28.The capital of Mozambique is __________.29.What is the color of grass?A. GreenB. YellowC. BrownD. Blue答案: A30.The _____ (rainbow/sun) is colorful.31.We go _____ (swimming) in the lake.32.What is the capital of the Turks and Caicos Islands?A. Grand TurkB. ProvidencialesC. South CaicosD. North Caicos 答案: A33.The sun is ______ (shining) in the clear sky.34.My grandmother has a __________花园. (美丽的)35.I have a ______ (cat).36.My dad is ________ a car.37.My dad encourages me to be __________ (独立的).38.The Earth's crust is rich in various ______ elements.39.I enjoy ___ (cooking) with my parents.40.What shape has three sides?A. SquareB. RectangleC. TriangleD. Circle答案:C41.I enjoy _______ (参加) sports leagues.42.The _____ is the largest planet in our solar system.43.The __________ helps to regulate the earth's temperature.44.The chemical symbol for osmium is __________.45.I always carry a __________ in my backpack. (雨具)46.The solid formed from a chemical reaction is called a ______.47. A __________ is a place where people enjoy nature.48. A ________ (植物分类) helps in identification.49.The first human to discover gravity was ______ (牛顿).50.My grandma loves to garden ____.51.Napoleon Bonaparte became the emperor of France in ______ (1804年).52.What is the main purpose of the lungs?A. To pump bloodB. To breatheC. To digest foodD. To move答案:B.To breathe53.My cousin is a ______. She loves to run.54.The _______ (章鱼) has eight arms.55.The blue jay is a type of _________. (鸟)56.The ________ (presentation) highlights achievements.57.What do we call the study of weather?A. BiologyB. AstronomyC. MeteorologyD. Ecology答案:C. Meteorology58.The _______ (pyramid) in Egypt are one of the most famous ancient structures.59.My ________ (玩具) encourages curiosity and exploration.60.The chemical symbol for tungsten is _______.61.The teacher is ______ the lesson on math. (explaining)62.My mom loves __________ (社区服务).63.The ______ teaches us about journalism.64.The _______ (The American Civil War) was fought primarily over the issue of slavery.65.I like to add stickers to my ________ (玩具).66.The _______ (小果子狸) has a long tail and is very agile.67. A chemical reaction can create ______ substances.68.I need to ________ my homework.69.My grandma makes handmade ____ (gifts) for everyone.70.My family has a ________ (宠物) cat.71.The chemical symbol for francium is _______.72.What do we call the part of the body that pumps blood?A. BrainB. HeartC. LungD. Stomach答案:B73.The chemical symbol for carbon is __________.74.Mudslides are a type of ______ that occurs in wet conditions.75.I help my dad with __________. (家务)76.She is ___ a picture. (painting)77.My brother enjoys __________ (绘画) landscapes.78.I love to play outside with my _____.79.The __________ (历史的开拓) reveals potential.80.My cousin has a beautiful ______ (小猫). Its fur is very ______ (柔软).81.Each plant has its own preferred ______ (环境).82.My toy ________ can dance.83.The Earth's surface is subject to changes from both natural and ______ factors.84.I enjoy ______ (与同学一起) studying.85.The kitten is _____ with a ball of yarn. (playing)86.I can ________ my homework.87. A galaxy is a collection of ______ and other matter.88.The __________ (法兰西帝国) was established by Napoleon Bonaparte.89.What is the capital of Kenya?A. NairobiB. MombasaC. KisumuD. Nakuru答案: A90.What is the name of the famous detective created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle?A. Hercule PoirotB. Sherlock HolmesC. Sam SpadeD. Philip Marlowe答案: B91. A solution that is saturated has reached its _______ point.92.What do you call the central part of an atom?A. NucleusB. ElectronC. ProtonD. Neutron答案:A93.The __________ (纪念碑) honors a historic event.94. A reaction that produces a precipitate is called a ______ reaction.95.I like to ________ my bike to school.96.The girl is very ________.97.The ______ teaches us about international affairs.98._____ (herbaceous) plants die back in winter.99.What do we call a piece of land surrounded by water on all sides?A. PeninsulaB. IslandC. CoastD. Bay答案:B.Island 100.The girl is very ________.。
刺猬困境
刺猬困境
在寒冷的冬天,两只蜷缩挨冻的刺猬为了取暖而互相靠近。
但相拥的它们却因彼此的刺而被深深扎痛。
即使双方都想保持亲近的关系来取暖,但刺痛却让它们彼此不得不保持一定距离。
这就是最早由德国悲观主义哲学家叔本华提出的“刺猬困境(Hedgehog's Dilemma)”。
后来的故事便是:严寒中的两只刺猬实在冻到不行,于是又凑到了一块儿。
几经周折,它们终于发掘到了一个适中的距离:既能获得对方的温度又不至于被对方的刺所伤。
更有崇尚乐观主义的后人给刺猬困境的故事添上了新结尾:两只刺猬决定各自拔掉身上的部分刺,这样相拥后既能获得温暖又安全舒适。
勾不了沉 平衡范文无法忽视的困境:平衡探讨范文推荐
无法忽视的困境:平衡探讨范文推荐Title: Struggling for Balance - A Balanced EssayIntroduction:Finding balance in life is a constant challenge that many people face. Whether it's juggling work and personal life, managing relationships, or maintaining physical and mental well-being, achieving equilibrium is crucial for overall happiness and success. In this essay, we will explore the concept of balance and its significance in various aspects of life.Body:1. Work-life balance:Balancing professional responsibilities with personal life is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Overworking can lead to burnout and negatively impact relationships and overallwell-being. Employers should encourage a healthy work-life balance by implementing flexible working hours and promoting self-care practices.2. Emotional balance:Emotions play a significant role in our daily lives. It is important to acknowledge and express emotions appropriately, without letting them overpower our rational thinking. Developing emotional intelligence and practicing self-reflection can help maintain emotional balance and improve relationships with others.3. Physical balance:Physical well-being is crucial for overall health and happiness. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and sufficient rest are essential for maintaining physical balance. Engaging in activities like yoga or meditation can also help improve balance and flexibility both physically and mentally.4. Financial balance:Managing finances is another aspect that requires balance. Overspending can lead to financial stress, while being too frugal can hinder enjoyment and personal growth. Creating a budget, saving, and investing wisely can help achieve financial stability and a balanced approach towards money.Conclusion:Finding and maintaining balance in different aspects of life isa continuous journey. It requires self-awareness, prioritization, and constant adjustments. By striving for balance, we can lead more fulfilling and harmonious lives. Remember, balance is not about perfection, but rather about making conscious choices that align with our values and goals.中文回答:标题:追求平衡——一篇平衡的范文引言:在生活中,许多人都面临着寻找平衡的挑战。
豪猪困境寓言道理英语作文
豪猪困境寓言道理英语作文The Parable of the Hedgehog's Dilemma。
Once upon a time, in a lush green forest, there lived a group of hedgehogs. They were a happy and contented lot, always playing and frolicking in the sun. However, as the days grew colder, they realized that they needed to huddle together to keep warm. But as they did so, they would prick each other with their sharp quills, causing great pain and discomfort.The hedgehogs were faced with a dilemma they needed to stay close to keep warm, but doing so caused them pain. They tried to find a solution, but no matter how they positioned themselves, they could not escape the pain of their quills pricking each other.One day, a wise old owl came to the forest and saw the hedgehogs shivering and in pain. She called them together and told them a parable about the importance of finding abalance between closeness and distance."The hedgehogs, like all creatures, need warmth and companionship to survive the cold winter," the owl said. "But in their quest for closeness, they have forgotten to respect each other's boundaries. They have forgotten that sometimes a little distance is necessary to avoid causing harm to one another."The hedgehogs listened intently to the owl's words and realized the truth in what she said. They understood that they needed to find a balance between staying close for warmth and giving each other space to avoid hurting each other.From that day on, the hedgehogs learned to huddle together without causing each other pain. They found a way to position themselves so that their quills did not prick each other, and they were able to stay warm and comfortable throughout the winter.The parable of the hedgehog's dilemma teaches us animportant lesson about the need to find a balance in our relationships with others. Just like the hedgehogs, we all need warmth and companionship, but we also need to respect each other's boundaries and give each other space. Only by finding this balance can we truly live in harmony with one another.In our own lives, we often face similar dilemmas. We may want to be close to others, but in doing so, we may unintentionally cause them harm. It is important for us to be mindful of the impact our actions have on those around us and to find ways to be close without causing harm.The parable of the hedgehog's dilemma also reminds us of the importance of seeking wisdom from others. The wise old owl was able to offer the hedgehogs valuable insight that helped them overcome their dilemma. In our own lives, we can benefit from seeking advice and guidance from those who are wiser and more experienced than us.Ultimately, the parable of the hedgehog's dilemma teaches us that finding a balance between closeness anddistance is essential for living in harmony with others. By respecting each other's boundaries and seeking wisdom from others, we can navigate the complexities of our relationships and find warmth and companionship without causing harm.。
国际贸易理论Lecture 16
Trade Wars and Trade Agreements
Suppose we have two countries, Home and Foreign There are two goods, C and F Home has comparative advantage in C, Foreign in F Each country considers placing an ad valorem tariff on imports from the other country (t and t*) In deciding which tariff to pick, countries take as given the tariff chosen by the other country
Over this 50 year period,ume of trade rose considerably
The U.S. Tariff Rate: 1915-2000
Theory of trade negotiations
What is the purpose of trade negotiations? Some economists believe that it is difficult to make economic sense of trade negotiations. Krugman, for example, writes:
The Doha Round
The latest round of multilateral trade negotiations (the Doha round) collapsed Part of the reason for this is that the potential gains from further liberalization are modest The sectors that are left to liberalize (like agriculture) are particularly politically sensitive
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人就像寒冬里的刺猬,互相靠得太近,会觉 得刺痛;彼此离得太远,却又会感觉寒冷;人是 必须保持适当的距离过活。 ——叔本华
人类也是这样的。所谓长大成人就是不 断聚了散,散了再聚。为了让彼此不受 伤害而保持适当距离。
பைடு நூலகம்
故事二
在一个寒冷的冬日,为了避免冻僵,一群箭 猪相拥在一起取暖。但它们很快就被彼此的 硬刺扎痛了。这样,它们被迫分开。但为了 取暖,它们的身体又再度靠近,身上的硬刺 又再次把它们扎痛了。这些箭猪就被这两种 痛苦反复折磨,直到它们终于找到一段恰好 能够容忍对方的距离为止。
所以,由于人的内在空虚和单调而产生出来的 社交需要把人们赶到了一块。但各人许多令人厌恶 的素质和无法让人容忍的缺点又把人们分开了。人 们最后找到的、可以让大家在一起而又能相互容忍 的适中距离就是礼貌周到和文雅规矩。谁要是不保 持这一距离,在英国人们就会冲他喊到:“Keep your distance!”因为这一距离的缘故,虽然相 互取暖的需要并非完美地得到满足,但大家起码不 会受到硬刺的烦扰。谁要是自身拥有足够的热量, 那他就更宁愿对社交敬而远之,既不给别人麻烦, 自己也不会遭受来自别人的烦扰。
小豪猪,很痛苦。 他反覆的想要拔掉身上的刺。 他流了很多的血。 却还是徒劳无功。 那些刺终究还是长了回来。 虽然有些人试著想要保持距离的和小豪猪交往。 但是他们都没有想到。 那些皮肉的伤,都比不上小豪猪心中的伤。
终於一天。 小豪猪出走了。 他到了一个没有其他人的地方生活。 只为了。 让自己跟自己喜欢的人。 都别受伤。 他掩饰著自己的情感,就这样终老了。 故事结束了。
希望别人关心,但又制造一种让人无法靠近 的性格,其矛盾演变至最后,就会开始讨厌 自己。一方面渴望了解自己和别人,另一方 面却害怕被人知道自己心底的想法而被出卖。 人是个奇怪的动物
故事一
从前,在森林里。 有一只小豪猪出生了。 他与同伴们嬉戏成长,生活的好快乐。 那时的世界是美丽的,每天都十分的美好。 直到有一天。 他发觉朋友们不再和他一起玩了。 原来,是自己的刺,刺伤了大家。 他拚命的想挽回以前种种美好的时光。 关於友情、感情,以及一切快乐的回忆。 但是没有一个人接纳全身长满刺的小豪猪。 或者是试著要继续快乐的相处却还是受伤了。
Hedgehog's Dilemma
其实EVA中《豪猪吉列姆》这个故事名就 是上面这个英文词组的变式,上面的直译是 “豪猪(刺猬)的困惑”,这里的困惑指的 是一种进退两难的处境。这个词本身就是心 理学上的。据说这个说法最早是由19世纪德 国哲学家叔本华提出,后来被弗洛依德纳入 心理学范畴。
叔本华
亚瑟· 叔本华(Arthur Schopenhauer,1788-1860),德国哲学 家。意志主义的创始人和主要代表之一。在人生观上,持悲观 主义的观点,主张禁欲忘我。叔本华出生于德国但泽 (今属波 兰,更名为格但斯克)的一个银行家家庭,自幼性情孤僻。他早 年在哥廷根大学学习医学和哲学,获博士学位后,曾在魏玛、 德累斯顿研究印度哲学和佛学。他继承了康德对于现象和物自 体之间的区分。不同于他同代的费希特、谢林、黑格尔等取消 物自体的做法,他坚持物自体,并认为它可以通过直观而被认 识,将其确定为意志。意志独立于时间、空间,所有理性、知 识都从属于它。人们只有在审美的沉思时逃离其中。叔本华将 它著名的极端悲观主义和此学说联系在一起,认为意志的支配 最终只能导致虚无和痛苦。他对心灵屈从于器官、欲望和冲动 的压抑、扭曲的理解预言了精神分析学和心理学。他文笔流畅, 思路清晰,后期的散文式论述对后来哲学著作的诗意化产生了 较大影响。