初中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
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初中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句,这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如: If time permits, we'll go fishing together.如果时间允许,我们就一起去钓鱼。如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如: If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来,你就会见到那位著名的教授了。(隐含的事实是:你昨天没来,也没见到那位著名教授)。
虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句
wish(would rather)+宾语从句
suggest(…)+宾语从句
2. 主语从句It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do
表语从句S+is that +s + (should) +do
同位语从句S+that +s +(should) +do
3. 定语从句It is (high) time that + S + did
用过去式表现在情况
1. 时态后退型用过去完成式表过
去
两种形式用过去将来表将来
2. should+动词原形
型
内容详述
I. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)
时间条件状语从句主句
与现在事实相反的假
设If +S+did…S+would/should/could/might+do…
与过去事实相反的假
设If +S+had done…S+would/should/could/might+have done…
与将来事实相反的假设did…
If+S should do
were to do
S+would/should/could/might+do…
注意事项:
1.倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had,should,were时,可以省去If,把功能词提前,构成倒装句。
2.错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间,则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。
3.If there weren't/had not been +…=without…
4.If it were not for…/ If it hadn't been for…= but for…
5.otherwise+虚拟语气的句子6.虚拟语气的句子,but+
陈述事实的句子
II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
sb. did …(希望现在用过去式)
1. wish+that sb. had done…(希望过去用过去完成式)
sb. would/should do(希望将来用过去将来)
2. would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。
时间从句
虚拟现在were, did (动词一般过去式)
虚拟过去had done
虚拟将来did (动词一般过去式)
例:I would rather I hadn’
t said such unkind things to you. (虚拟过去)
I'd rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. (虚拟将来)
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. (虚拟现
在)
3. suggest+(that)S+should+do…
表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句,谓语用should +
动词原形,should常常省略。
这类词有:decide,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,suggest,recommend,requested,require等。
注意:
1. suggest 当“建议”讲时,其宾语从句用虚拟语气;当“暗示、表明”时,用陈述语气
2. insist 当坚持“看法或建议”时,宾语从句用虚拟语气;当坚持“某个事实”时,用陈述语气。
判断改错:(错)Your pale face suggests that you(should)be ill. (对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错)I insisted that you(should)be wrong.
(对)I insisted that you were wrong.
III. 虚拟语气用在主语从
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词原形,should 可省略。
It is 可用的词有三类that (should)do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, reques ted, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange
等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
IV.虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为(should) +动词原形。
这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal(提议),order,demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation(推荐),plan,resolution (决议),idea等。
eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( sho uld )be put off.