简易自动气象观测站设计

摘要

本设计研究了以单片机STC89C51芯片为核心的简易自动气象观测站，本系统集成了温度、湿度、气压、风力、降水量等气象参数的测量，其精度较高，能够符合设计要求。通过STC89C51芯片的处理，能将采集到的各种气象参数显示在LED液晶屏幕上，具有良好的人机交互界面和完善的功能，为未来的气象测量的小型化、便捷化、实时化、专业化提供了良好的应用前景和坚实的保证。

本文开始就介绍了当前国内简易气象观测技术的研究动态和当前的市场环境，分析了现在使用的天气测量仪器存在的主要问题和未来的发展方向，指出研究简易、高性能的集成化气象观测站的必要性。

接着，提出了简易气象观测站系统的总体设计方案，使得整个系统真正实现简易化、专业化及智能化。在选择先进的单片机STC89C51芯片的基础上，采用多种符合设计要求的传感器和单元电路，实现了对基本气象要素的观测和相应数据信息的实时显示。

最后，设计了该气象观测站系统的控制测量硬件电路和编写相应的软件程序，经过硬件调试和最后的试验结果表明，所设计的简易气象观测站能测量各种书气象要素，基本实现了系统的性能指标和技术要求，具有全天候，高精度，实时性，方便灵活和质优价廉的特点，适合于各领域广泛应用。

关键词：简易；气象观测站；显示系统；单片机；传感器

Abstract

This design will make a research of simple automatic meteorological station with the core of Single Chip Microcomputer STC89C51. This system will measure the following meteorological parameters including temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind strength, rainfall, which mark with high accuracy and are able to fulfill the design requirements. After processing of the chip STC89C51, each meteorological parameter collected, can be displayed on the LED screen with favorable interface between human and machine as well as impeccable function, providing a good prospect in application and solid assurance for minimized convenient, real-time, and professional meteorological survey.

In the beginning, the thesis introduces the research status of simple meteorological observatory technology in China at present and current market environment, analyze the major problem and future development of the measuring instrument for weather used at present as well as indicate the necessity to make a research of the simple and integrated meteorological station with high performance.

After that, the thesis puts forward the general design proposal the system of simple meteorological station, realizing a simple, professional and intelligent system in a whole way. Based on option of the advanced Single Chip Microcomputer STC89C51, the system applies various kinds of sensor and unit circuit which all meet the design requirements to observe the basic meteorological elements and achieve real-time display of data and information accordingly.

Finally, the thesis designs the hardware circuit to control and measure the system of meteorological station and compiles relevant software program. The hardware commissioning and final test result show that the designed simple meteorological station, with the characteristics of all-weather observation, high accuracy, real-time, convenience, flexibility, best quality and low cost, is capable of measuring each meteorological element, basically realizes the system performance index and technical requirement, and is suitable for applying to every field in a comprehensive way.

Key words: Simplicity, Meteorological Station, Display system, Single Chip Microcomputer, Sensor.