中科院历年考博英语作文题目(1999-2009)
15中科院考博英语部真题
词汇（无）完型（网络上找到的原文，试题没有这么长，压缩了。
划线部分为虫友考后忆起的待选空及答案）In the last post, we discussed why fabrication and falsification are harmful to scientific knowledge-building. The short version is that if you’re trying to build a body of reliable knowledge about the world, making stuff up (rather than, say, making careful observations of that world and reporting those observations accurately) tends not to get you closer to that goal.Along with fabrication and falsification, plagiarism is widely recognized as a high crime against the project of science, but the explanations for why it’s harmful generally make it look like a different kind of crime than fabrication and falsification. For example, Donald E. Buzzelli (1999) writes:[P]lagiarism is an instance of robbing a scientific worker of the credit for his or her work, not a matter of corrupting the record. (p. 278)Kenneth D, Pimple (2002) writes:One ideal of science, identified by Robert Merton as ―disinterestedness,‖ holds that what matters is the finding, not who makes the finding. Under this norm, scientists do not judge each other’s work by reference to the race, religion, gender, prestige, or any other incidental characteristic of the researcher; the work is judged by the work, not the worker. No harm would be done to the Theory of Relativity if we discovered Einstein had plagiarized it…[P]lagiarism … is an offense against the community of scientists, rather than against science itself. Who makes a particular finding will not matter to science in one hundred years, but today it matters deeply to the community of scientists. Plagiarism is a way of stealing credit, of gaining credit where credit is not due, and credit, typically in the form of authorship, is the coin of the realm in science. An offense against scientists qua scientists is an offense against science, and in its way plagiarism is as deep an offense against scientists as falsification and fabrication are offenses against science. (p. 196)Pimple is claiming that plagiarism is not an offense that undermines(zqc2849) the knowledge-building project of science per se. Rather, the crime is in depriving other scientists of the reward they are due for participating in this knowledge-building project. In other words, Pimple says that plagiarism is problematic not because it is dishonest, but rather because it is unfair.While I think Pimple is right to identify an additional component of responsible conduct of science besides honesty, namely, a certain kind of fairness to one’s fellow scientists, I also think this analysis of plagiarism misses an important way(whj19890715) in which misrepresenting the source of words, ideas, methods, or results can undermine the knowledge-building project of science.On the surface, plagiarism, while potentially nasty to the person whose report is being stolen, might seem not to undermine the scientific community’s evaluation(zqc2849) of the phenomena. We are still, after all, bringing together and comparing a number of different observation reports to determine the stable features of our experience of the phenomenon. But this comparison often involves a dialogue as well. As part of theknowledge-building project, from the earliest planning of their experiments to well after results are published, scientists are engaged in asking and answering questions about the details of the experience and of the conditions under which the phenomenon was observed.Misrepresenting someone else’s honest observation report as one’s own strips the report of accurate information for such a dialogue. It’s hard to answer questions about the little, seemingly insignificant experimental details of an experiment you didn’t actually do, or to refine a description of an experience someone else had. Moreover, such a misrepresentation further undermines the process of building more objective knowledge by failing to contribute the actual insight of the scientist whoappears to be contributing his own view but is actually contributing someone else’s. And while it may appear that a significant number of scientists are marshaling their resources to understand a particular phenomenon, if some of those scientists are plagiarists, there are fewer scientists actually grappling with the problem than it would appear.In such circumstances, we know less than we think we do.Given the intersubjective route to objective knowledge, failing to really weigh in to the dialogue may end up leaving certain of the subjective biases of others in place in the collective ―knowledge‖ that results.Objective knowledge is produced when the scientific community’s members work with each other to screen out subjective biases. This means the sort of honesty required for good science goes beyond the accurate reporting of what has been observed and under what conditions. Because each individual re port is shaped by the individual’s perspective, objective scientific knowledge also depends on honesty about the individual agency actually involved in making the observations. Thus, plagiarism, which often strikes scientists as less of a threat to scienti fic knowledge (and more of an instance of ―being a jerk‖), may pose just as much of a threat to the project of producing objective scientific knowledge as outright fabrication.What I’m arguing here is that plagiarism is a species of dishonesty that can un dermine the knowledge-building project of science in a direct way. Even if what has been lifted by the plagiarist is ―accurate‖ from the point of view of the person who actually collected or analyzed the data or drew conclusions from it, separating this contribution from its true author means it doesn’t function the same way in the ongoing scientific dialogue.In the next post, we’ll continue our discussion of the duties of scientists by looking at what the positive duties of scientists might be, and by examining the sources of these duties.阅读：Passage One（无）Passage Two – Passage Five同2009.3 （Passage One – Passage Four)六选五：第一篇（无）第二篇（同2014.3六选五Passage One）翻译：Our best college students are very good at being critical. In fact being smart, for many, means being critical. (1) Having strong critical skills shows that you will not be easily fooled. It is a sign of sophistication, especially when coupled with an acknowledgment of one’s own “privilege.”The combination of resistance to influence and deflection of responsibility by confessing to one’s advantages is a sure sign of one’s ability to negotiate the politics of learning on campus. But this ability will not take you very far beyond the university. Taking things apart, or taking people down, can provide the satisfactions of cynicism. But this is thin gruel. The skill at unmasking error, or simple intellectual one-upmanship, is not totally without value, but we should be wary of creating a class of self-satisfied debunkers — or, to use a currently fas hionable word on campus, people who like to ―trouble‖ ideas.(2) In overdeveloping the capacity to show how texts, institutions or people fail to accomplish what they set out to do, we may be depriving students of the chance to learn as much as possible from what they study.In campus cultures where being smart means being a critical unmasker, students may become too good at showing how things can’t possibly make sense.(3) They may close themselves off from their potential to find or create meaning and direction from the books, music and experiments they encounter in the classroom.(4) Once outside the university, these students may try to score points by displaying the critical prowess for which they were rewarded in school, but those points often come at their own expense. As debunkers, they contribute to a cultural climate that has little tolerance for finding or making meaning — a culture whose intellectuals and cultural commentators get ―liked‖ by showing that somebody else just can’t be believed. But this cynicism is no achievement.Liberal education in America has long been characterized by the intertwining of two traditions: of critical inquiry in pursuit of truth and exuberant performance in pursuit of excellence. (5)In the last half-century, though, emphasis on inquiry has become dominant, and it has often been reduced to the ability to expose error and undermine belief. The inquirer has taken the guise of the sophisticated (often ironic) spectator, rather than the messy participant in continuing experiments or even the reverent beholder of great cultural achievements.作文：大意：常言道“富不过三代”，你怎么看？。
北京中国科学院大学考博英语作文范文【二篇】
北京中国科学院大学考博英语作文范文【二篇】【篇一】Directions: Write an essay no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer Sheet. IC: “To get success, you need friends; to get huge success, you need enemies.” Do you agree with this saying or not? Why or why not?【参考范文】To get success, you need friends; to get huge success, you need enemies. As for the above statement, I do not agree that we need friends to get success while do agree that we need enemies to get huge success. The following are the reasons. With the development of economy and society, the world we live is colorful and complicated. We can not achieve a success unless we cooperation, we also get aids and concern from every direction. Friendship, that is, is crucial for us to have a success. Friends can have a positive effect upon our development. Our friends encourage us, share our anxiety and provide us with help when we are in trouble. Friends may give us advice and suggest us what should be done and what not be done. However, if we wish to have a glorious achievement, in my personal sense, we do require enemies, my reasons for this topic are as follows. To begin with, our enemies reveal our fatal shortcomings, we can become stronger and more capable by giving up these flaws. What is more, the crises come from our enemies wake us keep the consciousnessof competition, we can do every efforts to complete what we ought to do. Last but not least, we can feel the stress from our opponents; the pressure probably is converted to the dynamic that give us sustainable power to enhance ourselves. To sum up, we need enemies to achieve our ambition, they supply us vigorous power to make our dream come true.译文：要成功，你需要朋友;要获得巨大的成功，你需要敌人。
2009年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2009年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Drink coffee when you’re sleepy; it’s a good ______ and will help to keep you awake.A．incentiveB．promptC．stimulusD．appetite正确答案：C解析：本题答案是C。
C项stimulus意为“刺激物，促进因素”。
其他三项词义：incentive意为“刺激；鼓励”；prompt意为“催促，提醒”；appetite意为“食欲；胃口”。
2．Nearly 1,000 people are presumed dead as chances______of finding more survivors from the sunken Egyptian ferry.A．bubbleB．dwindleC．swayD．shiver正确答案：B解析：本题答案是B。
B项dwindle意为“减少，缩小”。
其他三项词义：bubble 意为“起泡，潺潺地流”；sway意为“摇摆，摇动”；shiver意为“打冷战，发抖”。
3．The only way he escaped from the bitter reality was to lose himself in a movie, allowing his imagination to______, viewing himself as a character in it.A．take upB．take onC．take offD．take over正确答案：D解析：本题答案是D。
中科院考博英语 培训资料(作文范文)车的利弊
中科院考博英语培训资料（作文范文）车的利弊Advantages and disadvantages of owning a private canSample 1With the fantastic spur both in industry and in economy in China, the number of people who own private cars is on the rise. Some people have bought cars of their own, and others are planning to buy cars. But there have been two quite different views on this phenomenon.Some claim that there are many advantages brought about by cars.To begin with, the automobile industry provides jobs for countless workers and strong support for other industries. Then, if conditions permit, owning a car can make us work more efficiently. Finally, life will become more convenient. A car allows one to move freely and with a car there is no need to wait for the bus in the cold or under the burning sun.However, others strongly object to the increase in developing private cars. They hold that automobiles will give rise to a series of problems.In the first place, as more and more cars are produced and run in the street, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, polluting theatmosphere and causing actual harm to the health of people. Next, private cars contribute to traffic congestion so greatly that the advantages gained in comfort and freedom is often cancelled out by the frustration caused by traffic jams. The last problem is the increasing number of car accidents that have killed a lot of people ina friction of a second.In my opinion, although automobiles have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of our society, they also bring us numerous troubles such as more serious environmental pollution, more traffic accidents and more energy consumption. They drink up huge amounts of fuel and throw out huge amounts of pollutants. Traffic accidents kill thousands and thousands of people each year.Therefore I am against developing private cars.Sample 2Advantages:1) Having a car of your own means no more traveling to work oncrowded buses or subway, and you can drop off the children at school on the way.2) It also means that you can enjoy the weekends and holidaysbetter, because with a car you can go to places where theregular buses and trains do not go, and so you can find a quiet scenic spot with no crowds.Disadvantages:1) The roads are becoming more and more crowded, often making the journey to work more of a nightmare than a dream. 2) It is not cheap to run a car, as the prices of gasoline and repairs are constantly rising, not to mention the price you have to pay for your car insurance.Conclusion:The advantages of owning a car outweigh the disadvantages.Therefore, it seems to me that China should increase its output of automobiles and enlarge the private car market. The result would be that cars would become cheaper, while at the same time the extra demand would encourage the auto industry to produce more efficient vehicles.。
中科院考博英语作文材料
Kobe Bryant can be a good case of how diligence works in our life. When asked by one of his friends that what is the secret of his success, he replied with humor and implication that，"Do you know how Los Angeles looks like at 4 o'clock AM ? I know." Obviously, how could he, one of the greatest basketball players throughout the history of mankind who was once deemed not appropriate for playing basketball, have achieved unprecedented success in NBA without diligence ?科比.布莱恩特是一个证明勤奋是如何起作用的很好的例子。
当被他的一个好朋友问到他成功的秘诀的时候，他幽默而又意义深远地回答到："你知道洛杉矶凌晨四点的样子吗？我知道。
"很明显，这位曾经被认为不太适合打篮球的、人类历史上最伟大的篮球运动员之一的科比，如果没有勤奋的话，怎么可能在美职篮获得史无前例的成功呢？Thomas Edison，one of the greatest inventors and entrepreneurs throughout the history of mankind, could be best case of how persistence works in the course of pursuing success. Just imagine, having experienced thousands of times of unsuccessful attempts, how could he have succeeded in inventing the first electric lamp and changed the world without persistence?人类历史上最伟大的发明家、企业家之一的爱迪生就是坚持如何在追求成功的过程中起作用的最好的例子。
社科院1999考博英语试题+答案
中国社会科学院研究生院1999博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part Ⅰ V ocabulary (15％)Section ADirections ：On your Answer Sheet ，circle the answer that best completes the sentence ．1．With her last child having left home ，she felt a________ need to fill her time ．A ．tenseB ．thoroughC ．pressingD ．small2．It is generally thought that as teachers work with students ，psychology course work is________ to teacher-training ．A ．indispensableB ．inviolateC ．indisposedD ．invariable3．The announcement of the death of their leader caused thereafter a feeling of great despair to________ heir lives ．A ．overflowB ．scatterC ．permeateD ．manipulate4．Fear of pirate________ led the French to fortify their coastline ．A ．excursionsB ．incursionsC ．transmigrationsD ．transmogrifications5．During the oil crisis of the 1970s ，many states________ speed limits to reduce gasoline use ．A ．implantedB ．imposedC ．impairedD ．impressed6．Over-taxation ，many argue ，impedes initiative ，so that government income may actually________．A ．mushroomB ．capsizeC ．shrinkD ．dispel7．The assassin hid himself carefully from view before________ his future victim ．A ．drawing fromB ．drawing upC ．drawing withD ．drawing on8．He never exerts himself to aid those trying to________ a difficult situation ．A ．rectifyB ．modifyC ．solidifyD ．verify9．His alibi was fishy ，yet________ to close scrutiny ．A ．stood stillB ．withstoodC ．stood upD ．stood off10．Practitioners of law and medicine are esteemed in many countries which seems to indicate that________ depends on profession or title ．A ．prestigeB ．superiorityC ．privilegeD ．merit11．After the demonstration the protestors________ quietly ．A ．dismissedB ．diffusedC dispatchedD ．dispersed12．Mutual trade implies________ advantages ．A ．alliedB ．cooperativeC ．periodicalD ．reciprocal13．A virtual anchorite ，he________ to his self-sufficiency ．A ．adheresB ．confirmsC ．conformsD ．admonishes14．It is scarcely an exaggeration to say that during the Cold War period the threat________ by nuclear arms seemed an everpresent danger ．A ．imposedB ．convokedC ．posedD ．provoked15．Scientific integrity is as much a matter of self-interest as it is of________．A ．self-esteemB ．self-deceiving 考博家园C ．selfishnessD ．self-improvement Section BDirections ：On your Answer Sheet ，circle the letter that is the closest synonym to the underlinedword ．16．The majority of the observers at the conference ，in contradistinction to the delegates ，were opposed to ratification ．A ．adjournmentB ．distributionC ．tablingD ．approval17．Although it was none of my business I asked her if the one she was lamenting for was in any way kin ．A ．speaking forB ．running risks forC ．pleading forD ．mourning for18．I could never spend the tome that he does pouring over sports magazines ，compiling in tricate lists ，and calculating averages ．A ．delicateB ．incomprehensibleC ．meaninglessD ．complicated19．In England ，Latin appears never to have superseded the old Gaelic speech among the people ．A ．joinedB ．replacedC ．influencedD ．given way to20．Landslides triggered by heavy rainfall impeded our best attempts at rescuing the victims ．A ．encouragedB ．hinderedC ．nullifiedD ．crowned21．Death ensued as a result of suffocation ．A ．heartfailure B ．an accident C ．disease D ．asphyxiation 22．We must safeguard against coerced confessions ．A ．bribedB ．emotionalC ．unprofitableD ．forced23．My attention was engaged by the article's caption ．A ．graphB ．authorC ．contentsD ．title24．The report was unusual in that it insinuated corruption on the part of the minister ．A ．deniedB ．suggestedC ．proposedD ．stated25．When a newspaper prints an inaccurate date for an event ，universal chagrin results ．A ．discomfitureB ．amusementC ．reprisalD ．loss of profit26．In various parts of the world ，the devoted and devout participate enthusiastically in public processions during the major events of the liturgical year ．A ．piousB ．seriousC ．diseasedD ．misled27．Absent impartiality on the part of the psychotherapist ，a patient's conflicts may be exacerbated ．A ．indifferenceB ．objectivityC ．voiced concernD ．engagement28．They awoke to find the maid had left the remnants of dinner on the table ．A ．list of items for aB ．invitations to aC ．leftovers ofD ．preparations for a29．The upshot of all this was that travelling had become precarious ．A ．gloriousB ．funC ．expensiveD ．dangerous30．Some would consider that an infringement of good manners whereas others would not ．A ．an exampleB ．a violationC ．a problemD ．an indication Part Ⅱ Grammar (15％)Section ADirections ：On your Answer Sheet ，circle the letter that best completes the sentence ．1．________ sugar________ salt is oil water ． 考博家园A ．Not as ．．．as B ．No more than ．．．is C ．Not more than ．．．．is D ．Not more than ．．．as2．His mother frequently denies him permission to do things ，and that is________．A ．everB ．thisC ．thatD ．over3．The staff in pediatrics________ rushed whereas the geriatric ward is not busy at all ．A ．is nearly alwaysB ．nearly is alwaysC ．always is nearlyD ．is always nearly4．Anais Nin's diaries are often scandalous ，probably because she describes herself as she is rather than________．A ．others' define herB ．as others define herC ．her definition by othersD ．she is defined by others5．________，the mayor conceded defeat in his bid for re-election ．A ．Having racked up a lead of some 150，000 votesB ．Having been racked up a lead of some 150，000 votesC ．His opponent having racked up a lead of some 150，000 votesD ．His opponent racking up a lead of some 150，000 votes6．Never has a scientific explanation emerged________ someone somewhere has objected to it ．A ．thatB ．whichC ．whomD ．but7．Your mentor and friend________ to support me in my financial undertaking ．A ．have consentedB ．has consentedC ．have been consentingD ．are consented8．Due in large part to the complexity of its structure—over two hundred bones________ together by ligaments—the human skeleton is a marvel of architectural construction ．A ．bindingB ．boundC ．houndedD ．bind9．Inasmuch as a year does not elapse without a certain number of villagers falling victim to the ferocity of a tiger ，its roar is________ heard by the natives________ feelings of terror ．A ．not ．．．withB ．not ．．．withoutC ．seldom ．．．withD ．always ．．．without10．I regret to say that your thesis requires more thinking than________ for the problem is exceedingly complex ．A ．to be put inB ．has been put inC ．being put inD ．have been put in11．I must finish this assignment tonight ，________．A ．it is ever so lateB ．be it ever so lateC ．it be ever so lateD ．so late it be12．Science majors ，________，require a good basic foundation in the sciences as a whole ．A ．whether they are future physicists and chemistsB ．be they future physicists or chemistsC ．they are future physicists or chemistsD ．whether they should be future physicists and chemists13．Those are very important papers and I'd just as soon________ here ．A ．as you leave themB ．you leave themC ．you will leave themD ．that you will leave them14．Anatomists generally maintain that the human heart is nearest________． 考博家园A ．to the size in our fistB ．in the size to our fistC ．in size to our fistD ．to the size to our fist15．Foreigners are very fussy about their phone calls ．They hate________ anyone eavesdropping ．A ．thereB ．there beC ．there to beD ．beingSection BDirections ：In the sentences below ，either A ，B ，C or D is the incorrect gramatical form for thesentence ．Pick the incorrect form as your answer ，and on your Answer Sheet ，circle the corresponding letter ．16．One of the more intriguing theories about the destruction of Ur is his contention that the A population may destroy their ziggurats and abandoned their metropolis in anger a gainst the deitiesB C that permitted so long a famine ．D17．In the bush ，the ill took it to be only logical if the one who could dure an illness should also possess A B C the ability of causing it ，and that even at a distance ．D18．Ores which are occurred naturally as elements ，such as gold are of extreme rarity andA B C are occasionally of high value ．D19．Unless they are so permitted by the attending physician ，no visitors or relatives can enter theA B C patient's room ．D20．A rigorous alertness must be adhered when notetaking with the inessential ignored and theA B C D superfluous eliminated ．21．It is largely through perspiration ，or the evaporation of water through the pores ，that humansA B C rid them of excess moisture ．D22．Provided the computer is given correct information to start ，accuracy is another out standingA B C Dadvantage ．23．And so early every morning therefore ，but not before the infant bathed ， did she betake herself A B C D to the outhouse ．24．He stood on tiptoe ，stretching as far as he could ，however ，still ，he could not reach the book ． A B C D25．As gentle as possible ，and with help from an assistant ，the veterinarian examined the hippo to A B 考博家园determine if she was pregnant ．C D26．In a recent survey ，that responsiveness was that most of all made a woman dear to them was theA B C opinion of three out of four men ．D27．All personnel will be required to undergo special sensitivity training programs prior to leavingA B for aboard in order to be prepared against culture shock ．C D28．Among the many changes were those to the New Yorker book review ，and very shortsighted A B C they were ．D29．The majority of students ，preferring eternal verities ，rarely see that knowledge is subject A of growth and transformation ，and that it shifts in meaning and status with time ．B C D30．Because of the recent turmoil and until further notice ，any gathering of more than two people isA B C prohibited in the interest of preserving the law and order ．DPart Ⅲ Cloze (10％)Directions ：Choose as your answer the word that best fits the blank ．On your Answer Sheet ，circlethe corresponding letter ．My knees were shaking ． 1 afraid 2 with them ， 3 Ⅰ 4 myself out on the path to follow them ．Amara's husband 5 coming back and saw me ．“ 6 my age mates 7 thiswitchcraft ．You come back with me and keep watch 8 my wife ．Help me guard 9 body ．He will kill her and I cannot prevent it ．But he 10 killed her in vain ．He shall not eat her body ．”It was dark inside the reception hut ，and very quiet ．The women 11 kept watch over Amara ，and her co-wife still sat with her ．The man stood looking down upon her ．A man must never call his wife 12 her name and may never touch her 13 public ．The man knelt 14 hiswife ．“Child of Lain ．”She did not 15 ．Tentatively he 16 his hand on her forehead ．Perhaps he thought she heard ， 17 he added bravely ， 18 will happen to you ，Amara 19 wife ．”He clasped her hand in 20 ．We sat on in silence waiting for Amara to die ．1．A ．Am B ．Was C ．Will be D ．Have been2．A ．I went B ．go C ．but D ．to go3．A ．yet B ．moreover C ．even D ．soon4．A ．obliged B ．constrained C ．coerced D ．forced5．A ．is B ．was C ．will be D ．had been6．A ．Grant B ．Let C ．Pardon D ．Forgive 考博家园7．A ．takecare for B ．take care of C ．care of D ．care for 8．A ．around B ．with C ．by D ．for9．A ．my B ．your C ．his D ．her10．A ．is B ．was C ．will have D ．would have11．A ．even B ．ever C ．still D ．while12．A ．for B ．with C ．around D ．by13．A ．around the B ．in C ．when D ．while14．A ．along B ．beside C ．besides D ．thinking15．A ．budge B ．mix C ．stir D ．bestir16．A ．laid B ．lain C ．had lain D ．sat17．A ．for B ．when C ．listening D ．quietly18．A ．Nothing B ．Something C ．Anything D ．Everything19．A ．my B ．your C ．his D ．her20．A ．his B ．hers C ．theirs D ．ours Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (30％)Directions ：Read each passage and answer all the questions that follow the passage ．On yourAnswer Sheet ，circle the letter that best answers the question ．Passage 1The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex ．On the more intangible side ，there was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countries ；there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West and perhaps most important ，there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism ，vented long before against Indian Buddhism ，which ，since the seventeenth century ，focused on Western Christianity ．Accordingly ，even before the missionary movement really got under way in the mid-nineteenth century ，it was already at a disadvantage ．After 1860，as missionary activity in the hinterland expanded ，it quickly became apparent that in addition to the intangibles ，numerous tangible grounds for Chinese hostility abounded ．In part ，the very presence of the missionary evoked attack ．They were ，after all ，the first foreigners to leave the treaty ports and venture into the interior ，and for a long time they were virtually the only foreigners whose quotidian labors carried them to the farthest reaches of the Chinese empire ．For many of the indigenous population ，therefore ，the missionary stood as a uniquely visible symbol against which opposition to foreign intrusion could be vented ．In part ，too ，the missionary was attacked because the manner in which he made his presence felt after 1860 seemed almost calculated to offend ．By indignantly waging battle against the notion that China was the sole fountainhead of civilization and ，more particularly ，by his assault on many facets of Chinese culture per se ，the missionary directly undermined the cultural hegemony of the gentry class ．Also ，in countless ways ，he posed a threat to the gentry's traditional monopoly of social leadership ．Missionaries ，particularly Catholics ，frequently assumed the garb of the Confucian literati ．They were the only persons at the local level ，aside from the gentry ，who were permitted to communicate with the authorities as social equals ．Amid they enjoyed an extraterritorial status in the interior that gave them greater immunity to Chinese law than had ever been possessed by the gentry ．Although it was the avowed policy of the Chinese government after 1860 that the new 考博家园treaties were to be strictly adhered to ，in practice implementation depended on the wholehearted accord of provincial authorities ．There is abundant evidence that cooperation was dilatory ．At the root of this lay the interactive nature of ruler and ruled ．In a severely understaffed bureaucracy that ruled as much by suasion as by might ，the official ，almost always a stranger in the locality of his service ，depended on the active cooperation of the local gentry class ．Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning missionary activities ，in direct defiance of gentry sentiment ，ran the risk of alienating this class and destroying future effectiveness ．1．In a vague way ，anti-Christian feeling stemmed from________．A ．the mere presence of invadersB ．a generalized unfocused feelingC ．the introduction to the WestD ．none of the above2．The author would agree that________．A ．many problems in China came from internal disorders due to Western influenceB ．many problems in China came from China itself and were unrelated to the WestC scapegoats perform a necessary function and there should be more of themD ．all of the above are true3．With which of the following statements would the author agree?A ．Ethnocentricism is a manly tradition ．B ．The disdain toward Christianity was prefigured by a disdain toward Buddhism ．C ．Although Christianity was not well received in China ，Buddhism was ．D ．The author would agree with A and C4．Missionaries________．A ．often dressed the same way as Chinese scholars didB ．were free of the legal constraints that bound the local indigenous populationC ．had greater access to authority than Chinese peasantsD ．may be described by all of the above5．By which of the following statements may the dichotomy between government policy and its implementation be described?A ．There's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip ．B ．You can lead a horse to water but you cannot make him drink ．C ．All that glitters is not gold ．D ．All of the above apply in various ways to the dichotomy ．6．Provincial authorities________．A ．cooperated fully with the central government's policyB ．were alive to local feelingsC ．were obliged to determine whether local sentiment tolerated implementationD ．may be described by B and CPassage 2Proponents of creating large private sectors as quickly as possible in transition economies offer both political and economic arguments to support their view ．They argue that if democracy is to become a viable political system in the countries undergoing transition ，the state's monopoly 考博家园over the bases of political power must be broken so that the countervailing sources of political influence may emerge (Berger ，1991)．Otherwise ，the nomenklatura ，managers of state-owned firms and former bureaucrats ，may sabotage or block economic reforms ，as well as loot ，dissipate or transfer to their own possession the assets of the firms they manage ．By creating property owners ，privatization can create an ascent middle class that has a stake in the creation and maintenance of an effective system of property rights and the pursuit of economic policies that would enable the private sector to flourish ．The most compelling economic reason for privatizing state-owned enterprises in the transition economies is that as units of production—as distinct from providers of secure employment—they were a failure ．Private ownership is thus seen as the means of unlocking gains in productivity by stimulating productive efficiency ，offering greater motivation for both managers and workers ，and creating incentives to enter new markets and exit declining ones ．Privatization ，it is argued ，will unleash dynamic small businesses ，act as a lure for foreign direct investment and speed the painful process of restructuring industry ，and it would accomplish all this while returning property to its rightful historical owners and raising funds for the government ．Despite this enticing list of promises ，many countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union remain reluctant to privatize ．Some of the opposition is ideological ．Some comes from insiders at state-owned enterprises ，both workers and managers ，who fear the loss of income and power ．More broadly ，there are fears that privatization will reduce employment as private owners dismiss redundant workers and that the new private sector will be unlikely to provide the social benefits—like housing ，health and nursery care ，and recreation ，sports and vacation facilities—that state-owned enterprises often provided ．At the extreme ，there are fears that if privatization exacerbates unemployment and causes declines in production ，reformist governments will be swept away ．Practical difficulties have compounded this resistance to privatization ．The valuations of firms is difficult because capital markets barely exist ，accounting statements can be almost meaningless ，and profits and sales achieved in the communist era are a poor guide to future viability ．Households in these countries do not have sufficient sayings to purchase many of the largest firms ，and ，even if they did have the money ，they view former stateowned enterprises as dubious investments ．With a rudimentary banking system ，loans for the purchase of state property are seen as both risky and inflationary ．In this muddled situation ，suspicions naturally arise that buyers are benefiting from low prices at the expense of the state ．7．The argument about democracy is________．A ．a political argumentB ．an economic argumentC ．an argument based upon demonstrable proofD ．an argument favored by all economists8．The information contained between brackets refers to________．A ．something unknownB ．an American Supreme Court Justice's legal decisionC ．someone who does not in fact believe the argumentsD ．an author who deals with the topic being discussed9．Which of the following statements is true? 考博家园A ．“Nomenklatura” is underlined because its meaning cannot be determined by the text ．B ．“Nomenklatura” is different from managers and bureaucrats ．C ．“Nomenklatura” is a foreign term whose meaning in English is managers and bureaucrats ．D ．The origin of the word “nomenklatura” is well-known ．10．The author would necessarily agree________．A ．with the political argumentsB ．that state-owned enterprises were successful in providing secure employmentC ．that state-owned enterprises were successful as units of productionD ．that none of the above is true11．In paragraph 3，the ultimate fear is that of________．A ．the enterprise managersB ．the workersC ．the average citizenD ．the government itself12．The practical difficulties may be explained by________．A ．theoretical argumentsB ．the state of the economic systemsC ．fears of privatizationD ．all of the abovePassage3One traditional justification for greater judicial deference to agencies ，on legal questions in the U. S. administrative regime is she expertise argument ：This justification comports with traditional understandings about the respective roles of the different branches of government and agencies' place in modern government ．Agencies ，in this view ，are the technical experts that put into operation the policy judgments made by legislators ．Indeed ，technical expertise is the raison d'etre of agencies ；by focusing on a particular regulatory field ，or sector of the economy ，agencies can do what Congress lacks the time and other institutional resources to do ．Chevron v ．National Resources ，which presented the question whether the statutory term “stationary source” referred to an entire pollution—emitting plant or ，rather ，to every single smokestack within such a plant ，supplies an apt example of when an agency's special technical expertise can aid statutory interpretation ．According to the expertise argument ，agencies are deemed to understand even the legal ramifications of the problems agencies are created to work on ．Admittedly ，the dichotomy between legal and factual questions may at times be difficult to maintain ，but that observation argues asmuchin favor of as it does against Chevron deference ．Agency expertise ，however ，is not the only common justification ，sometimes the doctrine is justified also on democratic grounds ．According to the argument from democracy ，it is agencies ，not courts ，that are answerable to both the executive and the legislative representatives of the citizenry ．Because judges are not elected ，while presidents and legislators are ，and because agencies but not judges are accountable to the President and to Congress ，judicial deference to agency decisions enhances the political legitimacy of the administrative regime ．Finally ，Chevron may be justified also in the name of administrative efficiency or coordination ．Before Chevron ，different federal courts in different jurisdictions could interpret the same statutory provision differently ．Multiple interpretations by different federal courts would mean that the statute “said” different things in those different jurisdictions ．Such confusion could be eliminated by appellate review ，but agencies faced uncertainty pending review ，and the possibility of different interpretations across different appellate circuits remained ．Because multiple agencies do not typically interpret the same statutory language ，however ，Chevron 考博家园deference allows the agency charged with administering a statute to interpret that statute ．One agency ，rather than many federal courts ，now resolves ambiguities in the statute that the agency in question is charged to administer ．Such interpretive streamlining not only reduces uncertainty but also promotes regulatory coordination ．Once an agency has settled on a reasonable interpretation ，it can act on the basis of that interpretation nationally ．13．The expertise argument assumes that________．A ．an agency has experts but that Congress does notB ．Congress is more interested in policy than in implementationC ．modern agencies are more responsible than agencies were in the pastD ．all of the above are true14．Chevron is underlined________．A ．because it is the name of a companyB ．because it is one party to a law caseC ．because it is the title of a bookD ．because it is the title of a scholarly article15．A “stationary source”________．A ．refers to where one goes to buy writing paperB ．may mean either a plant or a smokestack ，but not bothC ．is in this instance a legal term whose meaning is being questionedD ．refers to something not covered by the above16．We may assume that________．A ．different lower federal courts may have different opinions about a lawB ．the decision of a lower federal court is not necessarily the final decisionC ．both of the above are trueD ．none of the above is true17．The difference between an appellate circuit court and a given agency is________．A ．that the latter is local whereas the former is nationalB ．that a variety of appellate courts may review a given law in contradistinction to a given agency and its jurisdictionC ．that albeit the former specializes in a given area ，the latter has a range of expertise across many different areasD ．that the first is state—based while the latter is nationally—based18．Throughout this passage ，“Chevron deference” refers to________．A ．favoring ChevronB ．favoring National ResourcesC ．favoring the agency involvedD ．favoring none of the abovePassage 4The main feature of a convention—a pattern of behavior that is customary ，expected ，and selg-enforced—is that ，out of a host of conceivable choices ，only one is actually used ．This fact also explains why conventions are needed ：they resolve problems of indeterminacy in interactions that have multiple equilibria ．Indeed ，from a formal point of view ，we may define a convention as an equilibrium that everyone expects in interactions that have more than one equilibrium ． 考博家园Theeconomic significance of conventions is that they reduce transaction costs ．Imagine the inconvenience if ，whenever two vehicles approached one another ，the drivers had to get out and negotiate which side of the road to take ．Or consider the cost of having to switch freight from one type of railroad to another whenever a journey involves both a wide-gauge and a narrow-gauge railroad line ．This was a common circumstance in the nineteenth century and not unknown in the late twentieth ：until recently ，Australia had different rail gauges in the states of South Wales and Victoria ，forcing a mechanical switch for all trains bound between Sydney and Melbourne ． Conventions are also a notable feature of legal contracts ．People rely on standard leases ，wills ，purchasing agreements ，construction contracts and the like ，because it is less costly to fill in the blanks of a standard contract than to create one from scratch ．Even more important ，such agreements are backed up by legal precedent ，so the signatories have even greater confidence that ，their terms are enforceable ．We may discern two ways in which conventions become established ．One is by central authority ．Following the French Revolution ，for example ，it was decreed that horse-drawn carriages in Paris should keep to the right ．The previous custom had been for carriages to keep left and for pedestrians to keep right ，facing the oncoming traffic ．Changing the custom was symbolic of the new order ：going on the left had become politically incorrect because it was identified with the privileged classes ：going on the right was the habit of the common many and therefore more “democratic”．In Britain ，by contrast there seems to have been no single defining event that gave rise to the dominant convention of left-handed driving ．Rather ，it grew up by local custom ，spreading from one region to another ．This is the second mechanism by which conventions become established ：the gradual accretion of precedent ．The two mechanisms are not mutually exclusive ，of course ．Society often converges on a convention first by an informal process of accretion ：later it is codified into law to regulate exceptions ．In many countries ，rules of the road were not legislated until the nineteenth century ，but by this time the law was merely reiterating what had already become established custom ．The surprising fact is that until the end of the eighteenth century ，the dominant convention was for horse-drawn carriages to keep to the left ．This situation obtained in Great Britain ，France ，Sweden ，Portugal ，Austria ，Hungary ，Bohemia and parts of Italy ．A chain of historical accidents—Napoleon adopting the new convention for his armies and imposing this convention in occupied countries ；Portugal sharing a common border with occupied Spain ；Austria ，Hungary and Bohemian Czechoslovakia falling under German rule ；Italy having elected a “modern” leader under a king—gradually tipped the balance ．19．In the first sentence ，the word “convention” is underlined________．A ．for personal reasons regarding styleB ．to stress the importance of the wordC ．because the author will define itD ．for none of the above reasons20．A synonym for “equilibria” is________．A ．choicesB ．conventionsC ．problemsD ．interactions21．We may assume that the cost in time of passenger traffic in Australia as a whole________．A ．is great 考博家园。
中科院考博英文作文
中科院考博英文作文英文：When I first heard about the opportunity to pursue a Ph.D. at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, I was both excited and nervous. On one hand, I was thrilled at the prospect of conducting research at one of the most prestigious institutions in China. On the other hand, I was anxious about the challenges that lay ahead.I remember the day I received my acceptance letter. I was over the moon and couldn't wait to embark on this new journey. However, as the reality of the workload and expectations set in, I began to feel the pressure. There were times when I doubted whether I was capable of meeting the high standards set by the academy.Despite the initial doubts, I soon found my footing and began to thrive in the stimulating academic environment. The guidance and support from my professors and peersplayed a crucial role in helping me overcome my insecurities. I also learned to embrace the rigorous demands of academic research and to push myself beyond my perceived limits.One of the most rewarding aspects of my experience at the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been the opportunity to collaborate with scholars from diverse backgrounds. Through these collaborations, I have gained valuable insights and perspectives that have enriched my own research. The exchange of ideas and the spirit of intellectual curiosity have been instrumental in shaping my academic journey.中文：当我第一次听说有机会在中国科学院攻读博士学位时，我既兴奋又紧张。
中国科学院大学考博英语作文
Title: The Journey to the Top: Pursuing a PhD at the University of Chinese Academy ofSciencesIn the academic world, the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) stands tall as a beacon of excellence and innovation. Its reputation for fostering cutting-edge research and fostering the brightest minds in science is unparalleled. As I embarked on the challenging journey of applying for a PhD program at UCAS, I felt a sense of excitement and anticipation that was unparalleled. The application process itself was rigorous and competitive, requiring a meticulous attention to detail and a strong foundation in research. The essay, a crucial part of the application, was my opportunity to showcase my research interests, academic achievements, and personal qualities. I knew that my essay had to be not just well-written but also authentic, reflecting my unique perspective and passion for science.I began by delving into the depths of my research interests, exploring the nuances and connections that had captivated me over the years. I wanted to convey a sense ofcuriosity and enthusiasm that would resonate with the admissions committee. I described how my undergraduate research experiences had sparked a deep interest in thefield of materials science, and how I had since then been relentlessly pursuing knowledge and skills to further my understanding.Highlighting my academic achievements was also crucial.I detailed my participation in various projects and competitions, emphasizing the value of teamwork, leadership, and critical thinking skills that I had honed along the way.I emphasized how these experiences had not only enriched my academic journey but also prepared me for the rigors of a PhD program.The personal aspect of the essay was equally important.I wanted to show the admissions committee that I was notjust a dedicated researcher but also a well-rounded individual with passions and interests beyond the laboratory. I spoke about my love for music, my involvement in community service, and my commitment to scientific outreach activities. These aspects of my life, I argued,had shaped my character and made me a more compassionateand empathetic researcher.In conclusion, my essay was a testament to my dedication, passion, and potential as a future PhD studentat UCAS. It was my opportunity to paint a picture of myself that was both comprehensive and engaging, reflecting notjust my academic credentials but also my unique perspective and aspirations. As I submitted my application, I knew that I had done my best to present myself as the ideal candidate for this prestigious program.**中国科学院大学考博英语作文的旅程**在学术领域，中国科学院大学（UCAS）犹如一座卓越与创新的灯塔，矗立不倒。
中科院考博英语历年作文及范文
中科院考博英语历年作文及范文[06年3月+危机主题]备考硕博2009-06-10 10:00:31 阅读188 评论0 字号：大中小订阅中科院2006年3月考博英语作文范文Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.China has the greatest population in the world and a large pool of research workers, yet it has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far. Whathas caused this situation in your opinion?Nobel Prize, an international award given for achievements in various academic fields, has been a great honor to people from different countries.However, China, with the greatest population and a large number of research workers, has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far. In my opinion, various contributing factors can be identified as follows.First of all, though the educational system in China has fostered many researchers, it somehow hinders individuals’ creativ ity. Children are usually not valued by their unique way of thinking, but are encouraged to be obedient. Especially in the traditional cramming method of teaching, schools lay particular stress on memorization at the expense of comprehension, which has a v ery bad influence on students’ ability to solve difficultproblems.Furthermore, for a long period in Chinese history, China had been isolated from the outside world. In ancient times, we were self-contained for self-pride, believing that China was at the center of the whole universe. In modem times, we were self-fettered for self-protection, afraid of the invasion of other countries. As a consequence, China has lagged behind in many fields including science development. Researchers in China have little idea about the research interests of their own areas. At the same time, discoveries by Chinese researchers cannot be made known to foreigncountries.Fortunately, the situation mentioned above has been changing. Oureducational system has improved a great deal and more and more opportunities to communicate with the external world have been offered. Therefore, I am sure that in the near future China will have one or moreNobel Prize winners.关于危机的专八作文范文PART VI WRITING (45 minutes)Throughout our life, we are more often than not faced with various crises. Confronting crises, different people respond differently. What is your attitude toward crises? Write an essay of no less than 400 words to stateyour view.范文1CrisisCrisis is to us what illness is to our body. Just as fatal disease can destroy our body and sometimes even put an end to our lives, so does smashing crisis knock us down so irrevocably and hopelessly that we might never have chance of standing up again. However, most crises that frequent us in life are not such category. They, like occasional ailments which sometimes can bolster our body's immune system, are mostly minor and surmountable and therefore making us hardy enough to survive whatever adversities in our later life. Even those serious crises, if handled properly,can be turned to a blessing to us, too.A ready example that comes to mind is SARS crisis that has recently torn apart and ravaged most of China. Admittedly, it has cost us quite a lot. Some people suffered health damage and still some even lost their lives. And our economy suffers a temporary setback and a slowdown. However, we still have much to learn and are yet to exhaust listing legacies left by thiscrisis. Among them are:First, we are more concerned than ever before with our health, and the environment we live in, and above all, the vulnerable medical system and practice we have so long cherished and regarded as matter of course (have taken for granted). Also, we, all of sudden, realize otherwise not so obvious a truth that life is so infirm, feeble and precarious that if we somehow fail to take advantage of it right here and now, we may have no chance of even saying any words of love to our beloved, not to mention doing anything. Additionally, we tried and bettered and are still bettering our mechanism to respond to unexpected crises. These and other lessons and legacies brought about by blood, tear, toil and sweat are benefiting and continue to benefit usand generations of Chinese to come.As a well-known ancient Chinese notion goes, the past lessons if not buried in oblivion are mentors for us all. If we can bear in mind sufferings and ordeals we have experienced, then those of our compatriots who had died did not die in vain and our sufferings will not go unrewarded.注：what惯用句式---A is to B what C is to D [比喻结构]A对B之关系犹如C对D之关系范文2[超经典]CrisisCrisis is to our life what illness is to our body. Just as fatal disease can destroy our body and sometimes even put an end to our lives, so does smashing crisis knock us down so hopelessly that we might never have chance of standing up again. However, most crises that frequent us in life are not such category. They, like occasional ailments which sometimes can bolster our body’s immune system, are mostly minor and surmountable and therefore making us hardy enough to survive whatever adversities in our later life. Even those serious crises, if handled properly, can be turned to ablessing to us, too.As far as a nation is concerned, crisis can be rendered beneficial. Take Wenchuan earthquake which shook most of Sichuan recently for example. The crisis has cost us Chinese a lot. Houses collapsed, bridges broke down and many affected areas were cut off from the outside world. Nearly a million people lost their homes, ten thousands of people were injured and another ten thousands of people were killed. But our sufferings won’t go in vain. Scientists are more determined to improve the means by which we forecast earthquakes with more accuracy. We should build houses which can survive the destructive earthquakes. And we also should better themechanism to face the emergencies and crisis.As for economic life, crises are not always rendered bad. During these times, we can stop the race of fast economy to speculate about some fundamental issues of humanity such as how much high-speed development in this way can contribute to the well-being of human life. Just take my own country for instance. Of course, in the past two decades or so, our economy has gained the highest speed man has experienced. But haven’t we paid too much? Our rivers are polluted. Our natural resources are shrinking. Our national power of creation is drained. Is it worthy of it? Isn’t it high time we gave it a serious thought? Shouldn’t we stop making ourselves long in quantity and short in quality? And chance of deep thought has come with this crisis, which is now deepening in most parts of the world.Crisis sometimes contributes to our life treasure in a way that few can imagine. It can weather us and make us strong enough to face ourselves when we feel weak. Eric, my uncle is a case in point. He had hard time in his childhood going through such a fatal disease that he had never thought he could survive. He was in due course saved by doctors. Ever since then he regarded his life as a second given by God and has been so grateful to the world that he has been doing whatever he can to give back in the same measure to other fellows. And now he is living a happy and successful life.As a well-known ancient Chinese notion goes, the past lessons if not forgotten can be good teachers for us all. If we can bear in mind the various sufferings and ordeals we have experienced, then our sufferings will not gounrewarded and those of our compatriots who was killed in the earthquake did not die in vain. We should take the lessons from crisis and regard themas a chance for new growth.历年作文2004.3Some people think that material wealth is a sign of success in China today.Do you agree or disagree？State your opinion and give good reasons.2003.10My Idea of Professional Ethics for a Scientist2003.3Good management can help the organization achieve its desired results. This is particularly true of the management of an organization full of scientists and research workers. What is your idea abouta good management or a goodmanager of such a group of people？2002.10As a young scientist, which life would you prefer to live：common oruncommon？Why？2002.3With her entry into theWTO, China is being plunged into an international competition fortalents，and in particular, for higher-level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things，to reform her graduate（postgraduate）education system. State your opinion about this reform，and give the solid supporting details to your view point.2001.3 贫富差距的拉大！2000.3 街头行乞，有些人认为即使被欺骗也要对它们实行帮助？1999.3 讨论大学课程是否应该根据社会经济需求去开设？---后记---作文特点：给出一个开放性的话题，要求就该话题写一篇200字的文章，表述你的看法。
中科院博士英语2009(部分)
CloseCan You Raise a Polite Kid in this Rude World?Develop Rituals.26. Attitudes of respect, modesty and fair play can grow only out of slowly acquired skills that parents teach their children over many years through shared experience and memory. If a child reaches adulthood with recollections only of television, Little League and birthday parties, then that child has little to draw on when a true test of character comes up—say, in a prickly([…prikli] adj,棘手的，难处理的) business situation. “Unless that child feels grounded in who he is and where he comes from, everything else is an act,” says etiquette expert Betty Jo Trakimas.27. The Dickmeyers of Carmel. Ind., reserve every Friday night as “family night” with their three children. Often the family plays board games or hide-and-seek. “My children love it,” says Theresa, their mother.28. Can playing hide-and-seek really teach a child about manners? Yes, say Trakimas and others, because it tells children that their parents care enough to spend time with him, he is loved and can learn to love others. “Manners aren‟t about using the right fork, agrees etiquette instructor Patricia Gilbert-Hinz. “Manners are about being kind—giving compliments, team-playing, making sacrifices. Children learn that through their parents.”29. While children don‟t automatically warm to the idea of learning to be polite, there‟s no reason for them to see manners as a bunch of stuffy（adj,呆板的，陈腐的）restrictions either. They‟re the building blocks of a child‟s education. “Once a rule becomes second nature, it frees us,” Mitchell says. “How well could Michael Jordan play basketball if he had to keep reminding himself of the rules?”30. Judith Martin concurs. “A polite child grows up to get the friends and the dates and the job interviews,” she says, “because people respond to good manners. It‟s the language of all human behavior.”6选5第一段原文：natural architecturethe natural environment still manages to fill us with a sense of awe and amazement. despite the amount of scientific knowledge mankind has gathered, nature still holds great mysteries that we may never be able to unravel（ｖ,弄清，解决）. this complexity has continually daunted man. in frustration, we try to control nature by enforcing order. as a result, we have distanced ourselves from the earth, even though our survival is completely dependent on it. we are now trying to regain our close connection to nature. There is an emerging art movement that is exploring mankind's desire to reconnect to the earth, through the built environment.referred to as 'natural architecture', it aims to create a new,more harmonious, relationship between man and nature by exploring what it means to design with nature in mind. the roots of this movement can be found in earlier artistic shifts like the 'land art' movement of the late nineteen sixties.Although this movement was focused on protesting the austerity of the gallery and the commercialization of art, it managed to expand the formal link between art and nature. this has helped develop a new appreciation of nature in all forms of art and design.The 'natural architecture' movement aims to expand on 'land art' by acting as a form of activism rather than protest. this new form of art aims to capture the harmonious connection we seek with nature by merging humanity and nature through architecture. the core concept of the movement is that mankind can live harmoniously with nature,using it for our needs while respecting its importance. the movement is characterized by the work of a number of artists, designers and architects that express these principles in their work. the pieces are simple, humble and built using the most basic materials and skills. because of this, the results often resemble indigenous architecture, reflecting the desire to return to a less technological world. the forms are stripped down to their essence, expressing the natural beauty inherent in the materials and location. the movement has many forms of expression that range from location-based interventions to structures built from living materials. however all of the works in the movement share a central ethos that demonstrates a respect and appreciation for nature. these works are meant to comment on architecture and provide a new framework to approach buildings and structures. they aim to infuse new ideas into architecture by subverting the idea that architecture should shelter nature. instead, the structures deliberately expose the natural materials used in the building process. we see the branches, the rocks and all the materials for what they are. we understand that these structures won't exist forever. the materials will evolve over time, slowly decomposing until no evidence remains. these features are intentional, provoking viewers to question the conventions of architecture. the designers aren't suggesting that architecture must conform to their vision, they are just providing ideas that they hope will inspire us all to rethink.英译汉Efforts to provide professional trauma counseling assume that trauma is the main psychosocial issue following the earthquake. In fact, however, trauma is only a small part of a wide array of psychosocial issues that ought to be addressed. For many earthquake survivors, the main issue is not traumatic memories of the earthquake but stresses associated with their current living situation. These stresses include the lack of safety and security, the loss of livelihoods, lack of appropriate shelter, changes in family relations, threats of and exposure to gender-based violence, substance abuse, and uncertainties about the future.专业心理创伤咨询人员往往认为，心理创伤是震后最主要的心理问题。
中科院历年考博试题免费下载
中科院历年考博试题免费下载中科院农业中心.rar.rar中科院农业中心exam-microeconomics-2001.doc.rar中科院农业中心exam-microeconomics-2001.rar.rar中科院农业中心exam-microeconomics-2002.doc.rar中科院农业中心exam-microeconomics-2002.rar.rar中科院农业中心exam-microeconomics-2003.doc.rar中科院农业中心exam-microeconomics-2003.rar.rar中科院农业中心exam-microeconomics-2004.rar中科院动物研究所2001-2005年考博专业课试题-分子遗传学.rar.rar中科院动物研究所2001-2005年考博专业课试题-普通动物学、动物生态学.rar.rar 中科院化学所03年考博题.rar中科院化学所2000-2007年考博专业课试题-高分子化学.rar.rar中科院化学所2000-2007年考博专业课试题-高分子物理.rar中科院化学所2003年高分子化学合高分子物理博士试题.rar.rar中科院化学所2003年高分子化学合高分子物理博士试题，需要的快下.rar中科院化学所2004年高分子物理考博试题 .rar中科院化学所高分子物理及化学（1999-2007）.rar中科院南京地理与湖泊所考博专业课试题.rar.rar中科院南京地理与湖泊研究所2002-2008.rar.rar中科院南京地理与湖泊研究所Exam.rar.rar中科院历年考博英语作文题目(1999-2011).rar中科院发育所06年生物化学考博试题.rar中科院和中国农科院分子遗传学试题.rar中科院完形填空分析与解答要领.rar中科院实验心理学考博真题1998-2003.rar.rar中科院微生物所2005年生物化学考博试题.rar中科院心理学基础考博真题2004-2010.rar.rar中科院心理学考博试题2001-1999及1998-2002考研试题汇编.rar.rar中科院成都有机所有机化学博士03-06试题.rar中科院数字信号处理2003春.rar中科院昆明植物所2011年药理学考博试题.rar中科院普通心理学考博真题1998-2003.rar.rar中科院材料-化学考博试题 .rar.rar中科院植物所1997-2001 年攻读博士学位研究生入学试题.rar.rar中科院植物所攻读博士学位研究生入学试题(1997-1999).rar中科院植物所攻读博士学位研究生入学试题(1997-2001).rar中科院植物所考博题（植物学和生态学）.rar中科院水保所土壤学（1999-2011）.rar.rar中科院水保所自然地理学.rar.rar中科院水生生物研究所1999年植物生理学考博试题.rar中科院水生生物研究所2000年植物生理学考博试题.rar中科院沉阳自动化研究所数字信号处理考博试题（2005秋季）.rar中科院沉阳自动化研究所数字信号处理考博试题（2006春季）.rar中科院海洋所考博04年遗传学试题.rar中科院海洋所考博生化试题02-04.rar中科院海洋研究所2011年普通生物考博试题.rar中科院渗流所油层物理.rar.rar中科院渗流所渗流力学试卷A.rar.rar中科院渗流所渗流力学试卷B.rar.rar中科院生态环境研究中心2009年博士入学考试生态学专业生态学试题.rar 中科院生态环境研究中心2011年环境化学考博试题.rar中科院神经生物学博士入学考试试题01-02.rar中科院考博英语08年3月份答案.rar.rar中科院考博英语1997年至2000年真题重点词汇.doc.rar中科院考博英语1997年至2000年真题重点词汇.rar.rar中科院考博英语2010年3月和10月答案.rar中科院考博英语命题特点和解题思路.rar中科院考博英语大纲.rar中科院考博英语时间安排计划.rar中科院考博英语真题1(199903-200810).rar.rar中科院考博英语真题2(199903-200810).rar.rar中科院考博英语真题2007.rar.rar中科院考博英语真题2007年3月的答案.rar.rar中科院考博英语真题3(199903-200810).rar.rar中科院考博英语答案0903.rar中科院考博英语答案0912.rar中科院考博英语语法重点总结.pps.rar中科院考博英语语法重点总结.rar.rar中科院考博词汇、阅读、翻译与写作方法.rar中科院考博面试无敌模板.rar中科院自然地理试卷答案(2002-2007).rar中科院自然科学史研究所2001年科技通史考博试题.rar中科院英语1999-2009考博真题.rar.rar中科院英语往年（1999-2004）作文题目及部分范文欣赏.rar中科院英语真题1999-2008及答案解释.rar.rar中科院认知心理学考博真题1999-2010.rar.rar中科院过程工程研究所各专业考博真题.rar.rar中科院过程所2011年冶金原理考博试题.rar中科院遗传所1996-2008生物化学试题.rar中科院遗传所1996-2008遗传学试题.rar中科院遗传所96－2005博士入学考试题目－－分子遗传学.rar.rar中科院遗传所96－2005博士入学考试题目－－生化.rar.rar中科院遥感所rs历年考题.rar中科院遥感所——RS，GIS试题2000～2002年博士研究生入学考试试题.rar 中科院金属所金属物理考博 1.rar中科院金属所金属物理考博 2.rar中科院金属所金属物理考博 3.rar中科院金属所金属物理考博 4.rar中科院金属所金属物理考博 5.rar中科院金属所金属物理考博 6.rar中科院金属所金属物理考博.rar中科院长春应化所2006年年考博专业课试题-高等有机化学.pdf.rar中科院长春应化所2006年年考博专业课试题-高等有机化学.rar.rar中科院长春应化所2007年考博专业课试题-有机化学.rar中科院长春应化所2007细胞生物学.rar中科院长春应化所2008年考博专业课试题-高等有机化学.rar中科院长春应化所2011年考博结构化学试试题.rar中科院高分子化学08年考博试题.rar中科院－数学院－分析与代数（2002）.rar.rar中科院－数学院－分析与代数（2003）.rar.rar060317中科院上海生化所考博蛋白质部分题目（回忆版）.rar2008中科院英语答案.rar.rar2008年中国科学院心理研究所心理学基础考博试题(1).rar2008年中国科学院心理研究所神经生理学考博试题.rar2008年中国科学院心理研究所管理心理学考博试题.rar2008年中国科学院心理研究所认知心理学考博试题.rar 2008年中国科学院心理研究所认知神经科学考博试题.rar 2008年中国科学院研究生院医学免疫学考博试题.rar2008年中国科学院研究生院发展心理学考博试题.rar2008年中国科学院研究生院工程心理学考博试题.rar2008年中国科学院研究生院心理学基础考博试题.rar2008年中国科学院研究生院心理测量学考博试题.rar2008年中国科学院研究生院生理心理学考博试题.rar2008年中国科学院研究生院神经心理学考博试题.rar2008年中国科学院研究生院神经生理学考博试题.rar2008年中国科学院研究生院管理心理学考博试题.rar2008年中国科学院研究生院行为决策考博试题.rar2008年中国科学院研究生院认知心理学考博试题.rar2008年中国科学院研究生院认知神经科学考博试题.rar 2008年中国科学院研究生院遗传学考博试题.rar2008年中科院分子生物学试题.rar2008年中科院考博英语７８分经验谈.rar2008有机化学(中科院考博).rar2009年中国科学院水生生物研究所微生物学考博试题.rar 2009年中国科学院水生生物研究所植物生理学考博试题.rar 2009年中国科学院水生生物研究所环境生物学考博试题.rar 2009年中国科学院水生生物研究所生物化学考博试题.rar 2009年中国科学院水生生物研究所遗传学考博试题.rar 2009年中国科学院水生生物研究所鱼类学考博试题.rar 2009年中国科学院水生生物研究所鱼类生态学考博试题.rar 2010中科院培训讲义.part1.rar.rar2010中科院培训讲义.part2.rar.rar2010年10月中科院考博英语真题及答案详解(pdf).rar 2010年10月中科院考博英语试题.rar2010年中国科学院北京基因组研究所生物信息学考博试题.rar 2010年中国科学院北京基因组研究所细胞生物学考博试题.rar 2010年中国科学院北京基因组研究所遗传学考博试题.rar 2010年中国科学院北京基因组研究所遗传学考博试题1.rar 2010年中科院北京基因组研究所生物信息学考博试题.rar 2010年中科院北京基因组研究所生物化学考博试题.rar 2010年中科院考博英语辅导班.rar.rar2010年中科院考博英语辅导班1.rar.rar2010年中科院考博英语辅导班2.rar.rar2010年博士生考试真题（中科院地理学专业）.rar 201103中科院成都光电所博士光学试题.rar 2011中科院微生物统考试题（回忆版）.rar 2011年3月中科院考博英语真题及答案详解.rar 2011年中科院考博英语作文.rar2012中科院化学所考博高分子化学真题.rar 2012中科院化学所考博高分子物理真题.rar 2012中科院考博英语真题及答案.rar.rar2012年中科院遗传所遗传学考博真题(回忆版).rar 2013中科院考博认知神经科学真题.rar中科院0567年专业课考题.rar中科院1998发展心理学考博真题.rar中科院2001年细胞生物学考博试题.rar中科院2001年的生物化学试题.rar中科院2002发展心理学考博真题.rar中科院2002年的生物化学试题.rar中科院2002考博英语.doc .rar.rar中科院2003年生物化学试题.rar中科院2003生化考博题.rar.rar中科院2005年3月考博真题及答案详解.rar中科院2005年物理化学试题及答案.rar中科院2005年考博试题-概率统计.rar.rar中科院2005弹性力学.rar中科院2005数值分析.rar中科院2005考博专业课试题-有机化学.pdf.rar中科院2005考博专业课试题-有机化学.rar.rar中科院2006年3月考博真题及答案详解.rar中科院2006年英语试题考博答案分析.rar中科院2006弹性力学.rar中科院2006数值分析.rar中科院2007年3月考博真题及答案详解.rar中科院2007弹性力学.rar中科院2007数值分析.rar中科院2008发展心理学考博真题.rar中科院2008年10月份考博真题（清晰版）.rar.rar中科院2008物理化学考博试卷.rar中科院2008考博专业课试题-心理学基础.pdf.rar中科院2008考博专业课试题-心理学基础.rar.rar中科院2009年3月考博英语真题.rar.rar中科院2009年秋季考博部分题目及答案.rar.rar中科院2010年3月考博英语真题.part1.rar.rar中科院2010年3月考博英语真题.part2.rar.rar中科院2010年3月考博英语真题.part3.rar.rar中科院2010年3月考博英语真题.part4.rar.rar中科院2010年3月考博英语真题.part5.rar.rar中科院2010年3月考博英语真题.part6.rar.rar中科院2010年3月考博英语真题.part7.rar.rar中科院2010年3月考博英语真题.part8.rar.rar中科院2010年大连化学物理研究所考博物理化学试题.rar中科院2011年春季入学考博真题作文.rar中科院北京基因组研究所07考博基因组学.rar.rar中科院北京基因组研究所07考博生物化学.rar.rar中科院博士入学考试人文地理（区域发展、经济地理）专业考试题（2001-2007）.rar 中科院博士入学英语辅导班资料.rar.rar中科院博士入学英语辅导班资料.rarnew.rar中科院博士英语往年作文题目及部分范文欣赏.rar中科院博士英语试题解析99-04.rar05年中科院山地所博士入学自然地理试题.rar07年3月中科院考博英语及答案.rar.rar07年中科院生态环境研究中心土壤学试题（回忆版试题）.rar07年中科院过程工程研究所考博专业课.rar.rar08中科院全国_生物化学_统考试卷.rar09中科院广州地化研所分析化学.rar.rar1999-2002中科院植物所考博题（植物学和生态学）.rar.rar2000年中科院植物研究所植物生理试题.rar2001~2005中科院动物生态学考博试题.rar.rar2001年中科院植物研究所植物生理试题.rar2002年中科院考博英语试题.rar.rar2002年中科院考博英语试题.txt.rar2006中科院有机化学(秋).rar2006年中科院生态中心生态学专业试题.rar.rar2007中科院量子力学及答案.rar2007年3月中科院博士英语试题第一部分0.rar2007年3月中科院博士英语试题第二部分.rar2007年中科院无机化学考研真题.rar.rar2008年中国科学院水生生物研究所植物生理学考博试题.rar2008年中国科学院水生生物研究所环境生物学考博试题.rar【人文地理】中科院2007年博士入学考试人文地理（区域发展、经济地理）专业考试题.rar.rar【岩溶环境学】中科院2008年考博试题.rar.rar【植物生理学】中科院植物所植物生理学考博真题（2000-2001）.rar【生物化学】中科院植物所攻读博士学位研究生入学试题（1997-2001）.rar【神经生理学】中科院神经科学研究所2001年神经生理学考博试题.rar【细胞生物学】中科院2012年考博试题.rar【计算机科学与基础】中科院计算技术研究所2011年考博试题.rar【遗传学】中科院遗传与发育生物学研究所2003年考博试题.rar（内部资料）中科院考博英语命题特点.rar.rar。
中科院考博英语 培训资料(作文) problems in writing-10, January
中科院考博英语培训资料（作文） problems in writing-10, January作文题：09年12月份的作文真题1。
表达“一些人。
一些人。
还有一些人。
”Some people…; some…; some others….2. 词性问题：（1）Maybe diligent is not a source of joy…--- Maybe diligence is not a source of joy…（2）Study hard must be a good choice for me to realize the dream…----Studying hard…study 也可以做名词，表示“学习”“书房”等，但是在这里，它后面接了副词，就不是做名词的用法了，所以应该改为动词。
只有动词后面才能紧接副词。
Study hard was not wrong in any cases.--Studying hard was ….（3）Many people would criticize the first type’s lazy …--laziness(4) There is more and more competitive in today’s society.---- There is more and more competition in today’s society.（5）the interesting of learning make us concentrate on what we are doing----the interest of learning makes us ….(6) From that time on, thinking became my biggest interest and brought me lots of funny.--- From that time on, thinking became my biggest interest and brought me lots of fun.3. which的用法History，English，Politics often make me confused. Which lead a malignant instance that I work hard on some subjects I preferred while ignore some abhorred ones.--History…confused. This leads to such an undesirable situation that I work hard on some subjects….Malignant指肿瘤“恶性的”，不用在这个语境里。
中科大考博作文范文
2003年英语作文题目Cheating on exams has been a tough problem to solve. What do you think the reasons for this problem are? State your opinion with solid support.样题四-2003科大考博试题-人生观和价值观-学习态度The More I Learn ,The More Ignorant I Find Myself to Be样题三-人生观和价值观-竞争和成果Cheating the Tolls on the Road to Success"Competition is a painful thing, but it produces great results," said Jerry Flint.样题二-文化教育-抄袭或剽窃Cheating on exams has been a tough problem to solve. What do you think the reasons for this problem are? State your opinion with solid support.2004年春-社会问题-资源的过度使用We are living beyond our means. as a people we have developed a lifestyle that is draining the earth of its priceless and irreplaceable resources without regard for the future of our children and people all around the world.2004年秋-文化教育-当前正规教育"It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free." 2005年春-科技和经济—科技的影响With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society——including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences——will benefit greatly from international influences.2005年秋-文化教育-授之以鱼，不如授之以渔"Give a man a fish, feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, feed him his entire life."2006年春-科技与个人隐私Direction:Write a 200-250 composition to present your view on the following question: As hundreds of today’s emerging technologies become part of everyday life, invasion of personal privacy will be inevitable. What measures do you think the government and individuals should take to protect privacy in the digital age?2006年秋-科技与交流"High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication."2007年秋季-学习-争论we can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.2009年春季-研究与资金投入Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial1. 总结对方观点，展示自己观点：即：科研投资需要根据自身的需要来进行。
中科院考博英语 培训资料(作文范文) 高科技的利弊
中科院考博英语培训资料（作文范文）高科技的利弊The value of science and technologySample 1It has been widely noted that, with the growing use of computers and calculators both in the classroom and in the home, the level of literacy and mathematical ability of students is dropping. This raises serious doubts about the value of the progress of science and technology. Here I will discuss the pros and cons of this question.First of all, advances in science and technology have certainly brought about many benefits for mankind. They have made our lives more comfortable and healthier. In addition, they have eased the burden of work for most people and provided them with more leisure opportunities, while at the same time increasing productivity dramatically.Nevertheless, it can not be denied that technology has some negative effects (side-effects). As mentioned above, with computers which check spelling, grammar and calculation for them, students have little motive to learn how to do thesethings for themselves. Also, the availability of TV programs and videos encourages an unhealthy, sedentary lifestyle.Another aspect of this issue is that technology may be good or bad, depending on how we use it. For instance, dynamite may be used to make road construction easier, or it may be used to kill people. Again, nuclear reactors can supply huge amounts of cheap electricity, but if they are carelessly handled they can cause devastating pollution.We can conclude that the progress of science and technology has both positive and negative effects. What we must do is to make sure that the positive ones are encouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible.Sample 2 (Science and Human Life)Advantages:Science and technology have been bringing human beings tremendous benefits. Thanks to science and technology, we now live comfortably and conveniently in houses furnishedwith（供给）air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines and televisions etc. Thanks to science and technology, we can eat fresh vegetables all the year round. Thanks to science and technology, we can travel long distance in the fraction of a second on planes, trains and cars.Disadvantages:However, science and technology have also brought us a lot of disasters. First, because of the many breakthroughs in the field of medicine, people are now living much longer than they used to. As a result, the population of the world is increasing, causing lots of problems. Second, because of the development of industry, lots of the wastes from factories pour into the air and rivers, causing pollution of all kinds. Third, some terrorists are using science and technology against mankind. They use chemical and nuclear weapons to threaten world peace.Conclusion:So it is urgent that we find ways to solve these problems.We should make some rules to regulate our actions. But I do not think that we should stop the development of science andtechnology because of these disasters they bring, just as we should not give up eating for fear of choking. I do believe if we use science and technology in a proper way, they may bring us even more benefits.Sample 3Both of them:Light and lamps extend the daytime, putting more leisure at our disposal as well as stealing our precious resting hours. Trains and buses shorten the distance on land, but thousands of people are killed each year in traffic accidents. Drug and surgeon prolong the expectation of life; however, the abuse of medicine is also staggering. Computer and internet transform the earth to a village, meanwhile convenient accesses are offered to hackers. We are facing such a situation: a bitter fruit in one hand and a delicious one in the other, both from the tree of advanced technology.。
中科院考博英语 培训资料(作文范文) 解决垃圾问题
Many people believe that we have developed into a “throw-away society” which is filling with plastic bags and rubbish. What do you think?Wind blows up bags higher and higher in the sky. It is a scary thought that some day the earth will turn into a huge garbage land. Wastes, if not treated properly, will make our life a living nightmare.(The environmental issue is getting worse almost every day in cities with very large population. People consume great amount of natural resources and produce wastes. )A lot of waste produced is made up of packaging materials. They are reported that 38 percent of all litter dumped is made of plastic. Paper, which comes in at second place, represents 15 percent of all litter dumped. The disposable dishware can be seen everywhere.Many people are becoming less responsible and easily influenced by bad behaviors. （People produce huge amount of garbage and the environment is seriously polluted because of lack of sense of responsibility or efforts.）“Why should Icare while others do not care?” Such idea makes some people only concern with places where they live and work.To effectively solve such problems, our society is waging a campaign against environmental pollution. For instance, from 1stJune 2008 people are encouraged to use recycling bags when they buy items in supermarket. More and more people put high priority on the protection of environment for a healthier life after they learn the harm of their garbage.( Companies are continually replacing the old materials with more environmental and recyclable kinds. ) Some old people give an on-the-spot fine for somebody caught throwing a junk food wraps.To sum up, if we take some effective measures immediately, if people put in sufficient efforts to protect our environment, our world will not turn into a “throw away” society欢迎下载，资料仅供参考!!!。
中科院考博英文作文
中科院考博英文作文Sure, I can help you with that! Here's a sample essay for your Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) doctoral entrance exam:Title: Embracing Challenges: My Journey towards a Doctoral Degree at the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
Embarking on the path towards a doctoral degree at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is an exhilarating yet challenging endeavor. It requires dedication, perseverance, and a passion for scientific inquiry. As I reflect on my journey thus far, I am reminded of the words of the renowned physicist, Albert Einstein, who once said, "In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity." Indeed, it is through facing and overcoming challenges that we grow, both academically and personally.One of the primary challenges I have encountered onthis journey is the rigorous academic standards set forthby CAS. The academic environment at CAS is highly competitive, with students and researchers pushing the boundaries of knowledge in their respective fields. As a prospective doctoral student, I am keenly aware of the expectations placed upon me to excel in my studies and contribute meaningfully to the scientific community. However, rather than being deterred by these expectations, I am inspired by them. They serve as a constant reminder of the importance of academic rigor and the pursuit of excellence.Another challenge that I have faced is the language barrier. As a non-native English speaker, I have had to devote significant time and effort to improving my English proficiency to meet the demands of academic writing and communication. CAS recognizes the importance of English proficiency in the global scientific community and provides ample resources and support to help students improve their language skills. Through intensive language courses, practice sessions, and immersion experiences, I have been able to enhance my English abilities and communicate effectively with colleagues and collaborators from aroundthe world.Furthermore, conducting research at CAS presents its own set of challenges. From formulating research questions to designing experiments and analyzing data, the research process is complex and multifaceted. Moreover, unexpected obstacles and setbacks are inevitable in scientific research. However, it is precisely these challenges that foster creativity, resilience, and problem-solving skills. By embracing uncertainty and learning from failure, I have grown as a researcher and gained valuable insights into the scientific process.Despite the challenges I have faced, my journey towards a doctoral degree at CAS has been incredibly rewarding. CAS provides a dynamic and stimulating environment where students have the opportunity to work alongside world-class researchers and engage in cutting-edge research projects. The collaborative nature of research at CAS fosters interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation, enabling students to explore new ideas and make significant contributions to their fields.In conclusion, pursuing a doctoral degree at the Chinese Academy of Sciences is not without its challenges. However, it is through facing and overcoming these challenges that we grow and develop as scholars and scientists. By embracing difficulty as an opportunity for growth and learning, I am confident that I will continue to thrive in my academic and research pursuits at CAS. With dedication, perseverance, and a passion for discovery, I look forward to making meaningful contributions to the scientific community and advancing knowledge for thebenefit of society.。
中科院考博英语作文
中科院考博英语作文I have always been fascinated by the mysteries of the universe. From the twinkling stars in the night sky to the intricate patterns of galaxies, there is so much to explore and understand. This curiosity and passion for discovery have driven me to pursue a career in scientific research.Studying at the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been an incredible experience. The rigorous academic environment and the opportunity to work with top researchers in the field have pushed me to grow and develop as a scientist. I have had the chance to engage in cutting-edge research and contribute to the advancement of human knowledge.One of the most rewarding aspects of my time at the Academy has been the opportunity to collaborate with peers from diverse backgrounds. The exchange of ideas and perspectives has enriched my own thinking and broadened my understanding of the world. It has been a truly eye-opening experience to work alongside individuals who are aspassionate and driven as I am.Of course, the journey has not been without its challenges. The demands of academic life can be intense, and there have been moments of doubt and frustration. However, I have learned to embrace these challenges as opportunities for growth. Each obstacle has only strengthened my resolve and deepened my commitment to my research.Looking ahead, I am excited about the possibilities that the future holds. I am eager to continue pushing the boundaries of scientific knowledge and making meaningful contributions to the world. The pursuit of a doctorate degree is just the beginning of what I hope will be a long and fulfilling career in research.In conclusion, my time at the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been nothing short of transformative. I am grateful for the opportunities I have been given and the support I have received along the way. I am confident that the skills and knowledge I have gained will serve me wellin my future endeavors. I am excited to see where this journey will take me.。
中科院历年考博英语作文题目(1999-2009)
中科院历年考博英语作文题集(1999-2009)1. 09年03月Should there be two focuses available in Chinese high school (humanity focus and science focus)? Please give specific reason to support your argument.2. 08年03月When do you think is the best time for a college candidate to dicide on his major: before going to college or while enrolled in college? Provide your reasons and supporting details.3. 08年03月What has China gained from holding the Olympic Games? Please give specific examples to support your argument.4. 07年03月How would you react to appearance when you are trying to the discrimination against your physical find a job?5. 07年10月There have been instances of students humiliating their teacher at school. What do you think is the cause for such happenings?6. 06年03月China has the greatest population in the world and a large pool of reseach workers, yet it has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far. What has caused this situatuin in your opinion?7. 06年10月A lot of people, especially the young, are crazy about stars. They wish to see their heroes at all costs. Do you think these people are foolish, understandable or desirable? Justify your opinion.8. 05年10月What does work mean to you? Is it just a means to make ends meet, to cover life expenses?Is a job seeker’s previous work experien ce important? If so, in what sense and to what extent? If not, why not?9. 05年03月How to reduce traffic accidents?10. 04年03月Some people think that material wealth is a sign of success in China today. Do you agree or disagree? State your opinion and give good reason.11. 03.年10月My idea of professional Ethics for a scientist12. 03年03月Good management can help the organization chieve its desired results. This is particularly true of the management of an organization full of scientists and reseach workers. What is your idea about a good management or a good management of a group of people?13. 02年10月As a yung scientist, which live would you prefer to: common or uncommon? Why? 14. 02年03月With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate (postgraduate) education system. State your opinion about this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.15. 2001年03月There is no denying that the average living standard of our country has greatly increased since the economic reform started 20 years ago. However, neither is it deniable that there has been a growing contrast in income between the rich and the poor. What do you think of this contrast in our country? State your opinion with appropriate supporting details.16. 2000年03月One day Jim gave some money to a man on the street who claimed that he had lost all his money and couldn’t afford a train ticket to be back home. Some time later, Jim met the same man again who told the same story. Jim got very angry with this and decided not to give any more help to anyone whom he did not know.One respose to this story is that we should help whoever in need if it even if we might have the risk of be cheated. That is your opinion? State what you think is proper and give your reasons for your viewpoint.17. 1993年03月To what extent should university courses be geared to economic needs of society? Discuss.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
中科院历年考博英语作文题集(1999-2009)
1. 09年03月
Should there be two focuses available in Chinese high school (humanity focus and science focus)? Please give specific reason to support your argument.
2. 08年03月
When do you think is the best time for a college candidate to dicide on his major: before going to college or while enrolled in college? Provide your reasons and supporting details.
3. 08年03月
What has China gained from holding the Olympic Games? Please give specific examples to support your argument.
4. 07年03月
How would you react to appearance when you are trying to the discrimination against your physical find a job?
5. 07年10月
There have been instances of students humiliating their teacher at school. What do you think is the cause for such happenings?
6. 06年03月
China has the greatest population in the world and a large pool of reseach workers, yet it has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far. What has caused this situatuin in your opinion?
7. 06年10月
A lot of people, especially the young, are crazy about stars. They wish to see their heroes at all costs. Do you think these people are foolish, understandable or desirable? Justify your opinion.
8. 05年10月
What does work mean to you? Is it just a means to make ends meet, to cover life expenses?
Is a job seeker’s previous work experien ce important? If so, in what sense and to what extent? If not, why not?
9. 05年03月
How to reduce traffic accidents?
10. 04年03月
Some people think that material wealth is a sign of success in China today. Do you agree or disagree? State your opinion and give good reason.
11. 03.年10月
My idea of professional Ethics for a scientist
12. 03年03月
Good management can help the organization chieve its desired results. This is particularly true of the management of an organization full of scientists and reseach workers. What is your idea about a good management or a good management of a group of people?
13. 02年10月
As a yung scientist, which live would you prefer to: common or uncommon? Why? 14. 02年03月
With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate (postgraduate) education system. State your opinion about this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.
15. 2001年03月
There is no denying that the average living standard of our country has greatly increased since the economic reform started 20 years ago. However, neither is it deniable that there has been a growing contrast in income between the rich and the poor. What do you think of this contrast in our country? State your opinion with appropriate supporting details.
16. 2000年03月
One day Jim gave some money to a man on the street who claimed that he had lost all his money and couldn’t afford a train ticket to be back home. Some time later, Jim met the same man again who told the same story. Jim got very angry with this and decided not to give any more help to anyone whom he did not know.
One respose to this story is that we should help whoever in need if it even if we might have the risk of be cheated. That is your opinion? State what you think is proper and give your reasons for your viewpoint.
17. 1993年03月
To what extent should university courses be geared to economic needs of society? Discuss.。