汽车电气系统常见故障及检修

毕业论文

论文题目：汽车电气系统常见故障及检修

所属系别车辆工程系

专业班级汽车检测与维修技术x班

姓名 xxx

学号 ***************

指导教师 xxx

撰写日期 2013 年 04月

摘要

随着汽车汽车工业的迅的发展，汽车电子系统已经成为汽车不可分割的部分，随着汽车工业与电子工业的不断发展，在现代汽车上，电子技术的应用越来越广泛，汽车电子化的程度也越来越高。汽车电子技术是汽车技术与电子技术相结合的产物。可以说，今天的汽车已经进入电子控制的时代，而这一切都依赖于电子技术的发展。国外专家预测，汽车上装备的电子装置成本将占汽车整车成本的15％以上。汽车将由单纯的机械产品向高级的机电一体化产品方向发展，成为所谓的“电子汽车”，这已经是大势所趋。汽车电子技术的发展，汽车电器系统已成为汽车的重要组成部分，其性能的优劣对汽车的使用影响很大。汽车新的结构和电子器的相继涌现，再大幅提高汽车综合性能的同时，使也发生了根本性变化，从而使汽车故障向日益多样化，复杂化方向发展，同时电子电器的故障诊断与维修问题日益突出。这对汽车驾驶、维修人员提出了新的要求，掌握一定的使用、维修技术，显得越来越为重要。汽车电器系统的故障分析帮助汽车使用与维修人员能够系统的掌握现代汽车电器的有关故障的原理，

本文通过对汽车起动机、发电机、点火系统、照明系统等对现代汽车常见的故障进行分析，使我们能够更好的掌握现代汽车电器故障。

关键词：电子控制，机电一体化，故障

Abstract

Withthe development of automobile industry fast, automotive electronic systems has become an inseparable part of the car, with the development of automobile industry and the electronics industry, in the modern automobile, the application of electronic technology is more and more widely, the degree of automobile electron is also more and more high. The automobile electronic technology is a product of automobile technology and the electronic technology combined with the. Can say, today's car has entered the era of the development of electronic control, but it all depends on the electronic technology. Foreign experts predict, the cost of electronic device equipped on automobile will account for more than 15% of the cost of vehicle. The car will develop from simple mechanical products to the direction of advanced mechatronics products, to become the so-called "electric car", which is already represent the general trend. Have a great influence on their performance of the car, with the car and car electronic structure has been updated and adjusted, to greatly enhance the performance of vehicle at the same time, also make it has undergone a fundamental change, which makes the car fault to the increasingly diversified, complicated development. At the same time, the fault diagnosis for automobile electronic appliance repair problems have become increasingly prominent. So the driver and repair personnel to put forward new requirements.

Keywords: electronic control, electromechanical integration, fault

目录

1 引言 (1)

2 汽车电器系统概述 (1)

2.1 汽车电器系统的作用 (1)

2.2 汽车电气系统的组成 (1)

3 起动机的故障及检修 (5)

3.1 起动系统的组成及工作原理 (5)

3.2 启动机常见故障及检修 (5)

3.2.1起动机运转不停 (5)

3.2.2 起动机空转 (6)

3.2.3 起动机运转不停 (6)

4 发电机的故障及检修 (7)

4.1 发电机的作用 (7)

4.2 发电机的工作原理 (7)

4.3 发电机常见的故障及检修 (7)

4.3.1 发电机电流表充电指示灯异常 (7)

4.3.2 发电机异响 (8)

5 点火系统的故障及检修 (8)

5.1 点火系统作用及分类 (8)

5.1.1 传统点火系统 (9)

5.1.2 电子点火系统 (9)

5.1.3 微机控制点火系统 (10)

5.2 点火系统故障分类 (10)

5.3 点火系统常见故障及检修 (11)

5.3.1 发动机点火时间过早 (11)

5.3.2 发动机点火时间过迟 (11)

5.3.3 发动机火花塞故障 (11)

6照明系统的故障及检修 (11)

6.1 照明系统的作用 (11)

6.2 照明系的组成 (12)

6.3 照明系统基本电路 (12)

6.4 常见故障诊断及排除 (12)