南海仲裁案英文版

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南海仲裁的内容是什么(2)

南海仲裁的内容是什么(2)

南海仲裁的内容是什么(2)中国不接受南海仲裁原因南海被争议的原因是什么国不接受南海仲裁原因记者会全文如下:问:据了解,东亚合作系列高官会即将在老挝举行,中方将派哪位官员与会?这次会议将主要讨论什么问题?答:5月7日至8日,东盟与中日韩(10+3)高官会、东亚峰会(EAS)高官会、东盟地区论坛(ARF)高官会将在老挝琅勃拉邦举行。

这是老挝作为东盟轮值主席国举行的第一次东亚合作系列高官会,中方对此高度重视,外交部副部长刘振民将率团与会。

会议将重点讨论10+3、东亚峰会、东盟地区论坛等合作机制发展方向及各领域务实合作,并就共同关心的国际地区问题交换意见,为今年下半年的东亚合作领导人系列会议及系列外长会做准备。

在此次东亚合作系列高官会上,中方将主要介绍落实去年东亚合作领导人系列会议成果的举措,阐述对东亚区域合作有关机制发展方向的立场和主张以及对国际与地区问题的看法。

中方希望此次系列高官会聚焦发展,推动务实合作,维护东亚合作的良好氛围,为促进地区和平稳定与繁荣发展作出贡献。

问:有些人说,中国必须接受菲律宾单方面提起的南海仲裁,否则就是不遵守国际法。

也有国际法专家认为,菲律宾南海仲裁案违反《联合国海洋法公约》,违背国际法治。

中方对此有何评论?答:中国不接受、不参与菲律宾单方面提起的南海仲裁案,完全是依法行事。

早在2006年,中国政府就依据《联合国海洋法公约》第298条有关规定,作出排除强制性仲裁的政府声明。

中菲南海争议的核心是菲律宾非法侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁引起的领土问题以及中菲海洋划界问题,《联合国海洋法公约》有关强制争端解决程序不适用。

菲律宾单方面提起并强行推进仲裁,是对《公约》强制争端解决程序的滥用,企图拿中国的领土主权和海洋权益作为诉讼标的,将仲裁事项包装成《公约》的解释和适用问题,掩盖自己非法侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁的事实,企图洗清自己的非法侵占行为,这是对尊重主权和领土完整的国际法基本原则的挑衅。

外交部长王毅谈中国南海仲裁案双语

外交部长王毅谈中国南海仲裁案双语

中国外长王毅就所谓南海仲裁庭裁决结果发表的谈话Remarks by Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi on the Award of the So-called Arbitral Tribunal in the South China Sea Arbitration今天,一个临时组建的仲裁庭,就菲律宾前任政府单方面提起的南海仲裁案作出所谓裁决,企图损害中国在南海的领土主权和海洋权益。

就此,中国外交部已经发布声明,表明中方不接受、不承认仲裁裁决的严正立场。

同时,中国外交部还受权发布了《中华人民共和国政府关于在南海的领土主权和海洋权益的声明》,郑重阐述了中国在南海享有的领土主权和海洋权益。

在此基础上,我愿进一步阐明中方的态度:Today, an Arbitral Tribunal, put together on a temporary basis, issued aso-called award on the South China Sea arbitration, which was unilaterally initiated by the former government of the Philippines, in an attempt to undermine China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea. Responding to such a move, the Chinese Foreign Ministry issued a statement, affirming China’s staunch position ofnon-acceptance and non-recognition of the award. At the same time, the Foreign Ministry was also given authorization to issue the Statement of the Gove rnment of the People’s Republic of China on China’s Territorial Sovereignty and Maritime Rights and Interests in the South China Sea to solemnly reaffirm China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea. It is on those bases that I elaborate on China’s proposition as follows.第一,南海仲裁案从头到尾就是一场披着法律外衣的政治闹剧,这一本质必须予以彻底的揭露。

关于九段线的法律问题以及中菲南海仲裁案的思考

关于九段线的法律问题以及中菲南海仲裁案的思考

关于九段线的法律问题以及中菲南海仲裁案的思考国际法案例研习作业⼆其⼀:关于九段线法律地位的问题⼀、九段线的历史由来(⼀)背景介绍:国家与国家之间的界线叫做国界线,包括已定国界、未定国界以及特殊的政治、军事分界。

在地图上这三种国界是⽤不同的符号标注的,不可混淆。

1947年,当时的中国政府内政部⽅域司在其编绘出版的《南海诸岛位置图》中,以未定国界线标绘了⼀条由11段断续线组成的线。

中华⼈民共和国成⽴后,经政府有关部门审定出版的地图在同⼀位置上也标绘了这样⼀条线,⽽只是将11段断续线改为9段断续线,取消中国海南岛与越南之间的两个线段。

但在中华⼈民共和国版图中,在中国南海中存在⼀条由9条断续的线组成的U形线,通常称为“九段线”。

且中国从未公开申明九段线内的海域属于⾃⼰的领海。

(⼆)历史由来:1、1934年12⽉,当时中国国民政府内政部的⽔陆地图审查委员会召开第25次会议,专门审定中国南海中英名的对照。

2、1935年1⽉,中国“⽔陆地图审查委员会”公布了审定后的《中国南海各岛屿中英⽂对照表》,详细地罗列了南海诸岛132个岛、礁、沙、滩的名称,第⼀次将南海诸岛划分为四个部分:东沙岛(今东沙群岛)、西沙群岛、南沙群岛(今中沙群岛)和团沙群岛(今南沙群岛)。

3、1935年4⽉,中国“⽔陆地图审查委员会”出版了《中国南海岛屿图》,确定了中国南海最南的疆域线⾄北纬4°,把曾母暗沙标在疆域线之内。

这幅地图1936年被收⼊由地理学家⽩眉初主编的地图集———《中华建设新图》,另名为《海疆南展后之中国全图》,图中在南海疆域内标有东沙岛、西沙群岛、南沙群岛和团沙群岛,其周围⽤断续线标明,以⽰南海诸岛同属中国版图。

这就是中国地图上最早出现的南海疆域线,也就是九段线的雏形。

4、抗⽇战争时期,南海诸岛沦陷。

5、抗⽇战争胜利后,中国政府根据1943年12⽉签署的《开罗宣⾔》和1945年7⽉签署的《波茨坦公告》,1945年10⽉25⽇开始收复台湾,随后则正式收复西沙群岛和南沙群岛。

国新办发表中菲南海争议白皮书

国新办发表中菲南海争议白皮书

国新办发表中菲南海争议白皮书(双语对照)Full Text: China Adheres to the Position of Settling Through Negotiation the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippinesin the South China Sea国务院新闻办公室13日发表《中国坚持通过谈判解决中国与菲律宾在南海的有关争议》白皮书。

白皮书2万余字,除引言外,共包括南海诸岛是中国固有领土、中菲南海有关争议的由来、中菲已就解决南海有关争议达成共识、菲律宾一再采取导致争议复杂化的行动、中国处理南海问题的政策等五部分。

全文如下:中国坚持通过谈判解决中国与菲律宾在南海的有关争议(2016年7月)中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室China Adheres to the Position of Settling Through Negotiationthe Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippinesin the South China Sea目录Contents引言Introduction一、南海诸岛是中国固有领土I. Nanhai Zhudao are China‟s Inherent Territory(一)中国对南海诸岛的主权是历史上确立的i. China‟s sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao is established in the course of history(二)中国始终坚定维护在南海的领土主权和海洋权益ii. China has always been resolute in upholding its territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea(三)中国对南海诸岛的主权得到国际社会广泛承认iii. China‟s sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao is widely acknowledged in the international community二、中菲南海有关争议的由来II. Origin of the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea(一)菲律宾非法侵占行为制造了中菲南沙岛礁争议i. The Philippines‟ i nvasion and illegal occupation caused disputes with China over some islands and reefs of Nansha Qundao(二)菲律宾的非法主张毫无历史和法理依据ii. The Philippines‟ ill egal claim has no historical or legal basis(三)国际海洋法制度的发展导致中菲出现海洋划界争议iii. The development of the international law of the sea gave rise to the dispute between China and the Philippines over maritime delimitation三、中菲已就解决南海有关争议达成共识III. China and the Philippines Have Reached Consensus on Settling Their Relevant Disputes in the South China Sea(一)通过谈判解决南海有关争议是中菲共识和承诺i. It is the consensus and commitment of China and the Philippines to settle through negotiation their relevant disputes in the South China Sea(二)妥善管控南海有关争议是中菲之间的共识ii. It is the consensus of China and the Philippines to properly manage relevant disputes in the South China Sea四、菲律宾一再采取导致争议复杂化的行动IV. The Philippines Has Repeatedly Taken Moves that Complicate the Relevant Disputes(一)菲律宾企图扩大对中国南沙群岛部分岛礁的侵占i. The Philippines attempts to entrench its illegal occupation of some islands and reefs of China‟s Nansha Qundao(二)菲律宾一再扩大海上侵权ii. The Philippines has increasingly intensified its infringement of China‟s maritime rights and interests(三)菲律宾企图染指中国黄岩岛iii. The Philippines also has territorial pretensions on China‟s Huangyan Dao(四)菲律宾单方面提起仲裁是恶意行为iv. The Philippines‟ unilateral initiation of arbitration is an act of bad faith五、中国处理南海问题的政策V. China‟s Policy on the South China Sea Issue(一)关于南沙群岛领土问题i. On the territorial issues concerning Nansha Qundao(二)关于南海海洋划界问题ii. On maritime delimitation in the South China Sea(三)关于争端解决方式iii. On the ways and means of dispute settlement(四)关于在南海管控分歧和开展海上务实合作iv. On managing differences and engaging in practical maritime cooperation in the South China Sea(五)关于南海航行自由和安全v. On freedom and safety of navigation in the South China Sea(六)关于共同维护南海和平稳定vi. On jointly upholding peace and stability in the South China Sea引言Introduction1. 南海位于中国大陆的南面,通过狭窄的海峡或水道,东与太平洋相连,西与印度洋相通,是一个东北-西南走向的半闭海。

刘晓明大使停止插手南海事务

刘晓明大使停止插手南海事务

刘晓明大使:停止插手南海事务(中英对照)On 4 May, the Times and its website published a signed article by Ambassador Liu Xiaoming entitled "Stop Meddling in the South China Sea". The full text is as follows:2016年5月4日,英国主流大报《泰晤士报》纸质版和网络版分别刊登驻英国大使刘晓明题为《停止插手南海事务》的署名文章,全文如下:The issue of the South China Sea is being ramped up by those in the US and the UK who accuse China of causing tension in the region. They proclaim the principle of free navigation and overflight but in reality their prejudice and partiality will only increase tension.最近,南海问题又被炒得沸沸扬扬。

美国、英国都有人在南海问题上高调发声,指责中国造成了南海局势的紧张,鼓吹所谓"捍卫航行和飞越自由"。

但实际上,他们这些充满偏见和偏袒的言论恰恰加剧了南海地区的紧张形势。

Their suggestion that China's "hard line" position about the sea increases friction is not based on fact. We were the first to discover and name its islands and reefs and the first to govern them. Despite this, more than 40 are now illegally occupied by other countries. Our talks with neighbours to resolve our differences shows how committed we are to regional peace and stability. China's construction on its own islands and reefs is a matter for us. These actions are not targeted at any other country. Apart from minimum defense facilities, the building works are primarily civilian in purpose.首先,这些人指责中国的所谓"强硬行动"造成了南海局势的紧张。

英文版的黄岩岛事件

英文版的黄岩岛事件

12 April 2012 Last updated at 11:39 GMTPhilippines 'withdraws warship'amid China stand-offThe Philippines' largest warship is in a stand-off with Chinese vessels in the South China SeaThe Philippines says it has withdrawn its largest warship from a continuing stand-off with Chinese boats in the disputed South China Sea.Earlier on Thursday a Philippine coastguard vessel arrived in the area, known as the Scarborough Shoal.The Philippines also says China has sent a third ship to the scene.The Philippine foreign minister said negotiations with China would continue. Both claim the shoal off the Philippines' north-west coast.The Philippines said its warship found eight Chinese fishing vessels at the shoal when it was patrolling the area on Sunday.It did not say why the warship had been pulled back. "That is an operational undertaking I can't discuss with you," Foreign Affairs Secretary Albert del Rosario was quoted by AFP news agency as saying."We are pursuing the diplomatic track in terms of coming to a resolution on the issue," Mr Del Rosario said.Differing viewsIn a statement, the Philippines said that its navy boarded the Chinese fishing vessels on Tuesday and found a large amount of illegally-caught fish and coral.Two Chinese surveillance ships then apparently arrived in the area, placing themselves between the warship and the fishing vessels, preventing the navy from making arrests.The Philippines summoned Chinese ambassador Ma Keqing on Wednesday to lodge a protest over the incident. However, China maintained it had sovereign rights over the area and asked that the Philippine warship leave the waters.China's state-run newspaper China Daily claimed in an editorial that the Chinese fishermen were "harassed" by the Philippine ship."China should take more measures to safeguard its maritime territory," the newspaper stated."The latest moves by China's two neighbours are beyond tolerance," it added, also referring to Vietnam. "They are blatant challenges to China's territorial integrity."However, the Global Times newspaper added that China "has the patience to work out solutions with the countries concerned through negotiation".The stand-off comes as the Philippines prepares for joint naval exercises with the United States from the 16 to 27 April near the disputed area.Six countries claim competing sovereignty over areas in the South China Sea, which is believed to contain huge deposits of oil and gas.Along with China and the Philippines, they are Brunei, Malaysia, Vietnam and Taiwan.China's claim includes almost the entire South China Sea, well into what the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea recognises as the 200-mile-from-shore Exclusive Economic Zones of other claimants.That has led to occasional flare-ups and to competition to occupy islands, reefs and sandbars.Updated: 2012-04-12 08:05(China Daily)The Philippines and Vietnam are whipping up a new spat over the South China Sea. China should take more measures to safeguard its maritime territory.On Tuesday, Chinese fishermen at a lagoon in China's Huangyan Island were harassed by a Philippine naval gunboat. The Chinese Embassy to the Philippines lodged a complaint with the Philippine Foreign Affairs Department on Wednesday, urging the Philippines to immediately leave the area.In another development, Vietnamese and Russian companies have reportedly inked deals on gas exploration in the South China Sea. Hanoi is apparently trying to involve a big power like Russia in its territorial disputes with Beijing.The latest moves by China's two neighbors are beyond tolerance. They are blatant challenges to China's territorial integrity.Countries like the Philippines and Vietnam have seized considerable economic benefits from the South China Sea in covert or overt ways in recent years. Since the late 1970s when the waters were discovered to have rich deposits of oil and natural gas, they have been competing with one another to seize Chinese isles and reefs in order to illegally tap the resources.Manila and Hanoi must stop coveting interests that they are not entitled to. They should remember that sailing in troubled waters can be risky.China attaches great importance to maintaining friendly and good-neighborly ties with countries in the region, including the Philippines and Vietnam, and it has always exercised the utmost restraint as it desires a stable peripheral environment.But Beijing's restraint should not be misconstrued, it does not lack the means and resources to act more boldly in defense of its territorial integrity.It seems the troubled waters have become the frontline of escalating tensions in Asia, and there is ample evidence that the United States is using the disputes as a stepping-stone to interfere in Asia.In a wide-ranging speech on US policy toward the Asia-Pacific region on Tuesday, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton brushed off talk of a new Cold War in Asia between the US and China. However, it was Clinton that rekindled the South China Sea feuds, when she made a direct link between US national interests and the maritime disputes while attending a major regional forum in Southeast Asia in July 2010.Washington should adjust its mindset so that it plays a more constructive role in the Asia Pacific.Peaceful ideals under fire in S.China Sea Global Times | April 12, 2012 00:55By Global TimesThis undated handout released Wednesday by Manila's Department of Foreign Affairs shows Philippine navy troops inspecting a Chinese fishing vessel after it was intercepted off Huangyan Island in the South China Sea. Photo: AFPA Philippine warship was at a standoff with a Chinese patrol vessel and fishing boat Wednesday around Huangyan Islet of the Nansha Islands Wednesday. The attempt by the Philippines to expel and capture Chinese boats was not successful. The standoff continued as of last night while both sides expressed wishes to end the impasse peacefully.The standoff happened in China's conventional fishing areas. The Philippines has never had actual control of the Huangyan Islet. The response of the Chinese side has followed normal procedure when its assets were under military threat by the Philippines.The patrol vessel can effectively protect Chinese fishing boats and crew without the participation of China's navy as the incident has showed. This is progress in China exerting sovereignty over the Nansha Islands.This reaction would change the expectations of other parties concerning China's attitude toward South China Sea disputes. Peace and stability in the area are still what China strives for but it will not make unprincipled concessions to the recklessness of neighboring countries.A resolute response to protecting its interests should be expected from China.The disputes are more complex when outside participants get involved. The US is encouraging the Philippines and Vietnam to take more risks.Charting troubled waters needs a clear action plan. Disputes and harassment should not deterChinese fishermen from their conventional fisheries. Unprotected fishing boats are often detained by neighboring countries. They need close escorts by patrol vessels, including to help with confrontations at times like these.If Chinese fishing boats or vessels are attacked by navy ships belonging to the Philippines or Vietnam, it will signal the escalation of disputes. A response from the Chinese navy should be expected. Should a military clash happen in South China Sea, China will not fire the first shot but will react accordingly.China is not willing to solve South China Sea disputes through military means. It has the patience to work out solutions with the countries concerned through negotiation. It has remained reserved in protecting its interests.The Philippines is taking a radical approach to divert domestic pressure. But China will not compromise its principles to appease its fitful neighbor.Related ReportBeijing protests over S.China Sea standoffChina Wednesday protested to Manila over a tense standoff between the Philippines' biggest warship and two Chinese surveillance vessels in the South China Sea, which was still continuing at press time.According to a statement sent to the Global Times Wednesday by the Chinese embassy in Manila, the embassy on Tuesday received a report that 12 Chinese fishing boats were in the lagoon of Huangyan Island in the South China Sea to shelter from harsh weather conditions when a Philippine Naval warship blocked the entrance to the lagoon.South China Sea ConflictSTANDOFFPhilippine Warship Tangles With ChineseChinese surveillance boats blocked a Philippine warship from arresting Chinese fishermen who had crossed over into what Philippine officials assert to be their waters. Albert Del Rosario, the foreign secretary for the Philippines, demanded that the Chinese resolve the tension peacefully, but as of Wednesday morning, the two countries were still at animpasse. Philippine sailors boarded the Chinese vessels on Tuesday, finding large amounts of illegally procured coral, giant clams, and live sharks inside at least one of the boats. Last year, the Philippines also accused China of interfering in the nearby Spratly Islands. The Chinese have in the past asserted sovereignty over the area, which is believed to be rich in gas and oil. Read it at Associated PressApril 10, 2012 11:51 PM。

VOA慢速英语:东盟主要议题

VOA慢速英语:东盟主要议题

VOA慢速英语:东盟主要议题东盟主要议题:安全和中国南海问题Security was a main subject for the latest talks of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in Vientiane, Laos.安全问题成为在越南老挝东盟的主要议题。

China’s behavior in the South China Sea and the recent activities of North Korea are among the issues being discussed.中国在南海的行为和近期北朝鲜的活动也是在议题中被讨论的重点。

The meeting of foreign ministers follows a recent ruling by the International Court of Arbitration in The Hague, the Netherlands. That ruling denied China’s historical claims in the South Chi na Sea. The court’s ruling was based on the United Nations Law of the Sea.外长会议紧随近期荷兰海牙国际仲裁院裁决之后。

裁决否定了中国的历史所有权提议。

此项裁决是根据联合国海洋公约作出的决定。

There are concerns the decision could increase tensions and lead to more Chinese military exercises in the waterway. China has said it does not recognize the ruling. The island of Taiwan has also said it does not recognize the court’s findings.此项决定可能增加紧张感并导致中国在此海域频繁的军事演习。

2016流行词汇 中英文版

2016流行词汇 中英文版

small target

a. The boat of friendship may upset anytime. • b. The boat of friendship will be overturned at once.
• 爱情版 • 友谊的小船说翻就翻,爱情的巨轮说沉就 沉 • The ship of friendship sinks easily, • so does the ship of love • 亲情版 • 友谊的小船说翻就翻,亲情的火苗说灭就 灭。 • The ship of friendship sinks easily, • while the flame of family love goes out swiftly.
• • • • •
一言不合就…… Whenever you disagree with each other 一言不合就接吻 Whenever you disagree with each other, you solve it by kiss
• My heart hurts but I am not going to let you know.
• 同月,天宫二号(Tiangong II)发射成功。
• 11月,特朗普赢得美国大选(US presidential election)让一众美国人大跌眼 镜。顺便插一句,牛津词典今年的度词汇 post-truth就是描述这种客观事实对公众的 影响没有感性诉求大的状况。
• 12月,韩国朴槿惠亲信干政(confidante's intervention)丑闻持续发酵,最终导致韩国 国会通过对总她的弹劾议案。朴槿惠成为韩国 历史上第二位遭弹劾停职的总统。用美国“水 门事件”导致总统尼克松下台而产生的-gate词 缀来翻译闺蜜门(Choi-gate),也是恰到好处, 因为干政的亲戚姓崔Choi。

the south china sea arbitration award

the south china sea arbitration award

the south china sea arbitration award(原创实用版)目录1.南海仲裁案背景2.仲裁结果及其影响3.我国的立场与反应4.南海仲裁案的启示正文南海仲裁案,是指 2013 年菲律宾单方面将中菲南海争议提交至联合国海洋法公约(UNCLOS)仲裁委员会,并于 2016 年 7 月 12 日作出的仲裁结果。

此案牵涉到南海诸岛的主权和海洋划界问题,引起了广泛关注。

一、南海仲裁案背景南海仲裁案始于 2013 年 1 月,菲律宾政府单方面向联合国海洋法公约仲裁委员会提出仲裁请求,意图通过国际法律途径解决中菲在南海的领土和海洋权益争议。

我国政府坚决反对菲律宾此举,认为仲裁庭对此案无管辖权。

二、仲裁结果及其影响2016 年 7 月 12 日,仲裁庭作出最终裁决,认定南海诸岛的部分地物无法产生专属经济区和大陆架,否定了我国在南海的“九段线”主张。

这一结果遭到我国政府的强烈反对,认为仲裁庭越权裁决,其结果非法无效。

三、我国的立场与反应我国政府在仲裁结果公布后,多次发表声明表示坚决不接受、不承认仲裁结果,并强调南海问题应通过双边谈判解决。

我国政府表示将继续坚定维护国家领土主权和海洋权益。

四、南海仲裁案的启示南海仲裁案给我国带来了重要的启示:首先,我国应加强国际法研究和运用,坚定维护国家权益;其次,我国需深化与南海周边国家的互利合作,推动南海地区和平稳定;最后,我国要坚决捍卫国家主权,同时推动地区争议和平解决。

总之,南海仲裁案是我国与周边国家在南海问题上的一个重要历史节点。

在仲裁结果出台后,我国政府展现了坚定的立场,同时也为南海问题的未来发展提供了启示。

南海一号新闻报道英语作文

南海一号新闻报道英语作文

南海一号新闻报道英语作文(中英文实用版)Title: South China Sea No.1 News ReportSouth China Sea No.1, a state-of-the-art research vessel, recently embarked on a historic journey to explore the depths of the South China Sea.This impressive ship, equipped with advanced technology, aims to further our understanding of the ocean"s ecosystem and contribute to the field of marine science.标题:南海一号新闻报道近日,我国新一代科研船“南海一号”开启了探索南海深处的征程。

这艘配备了尖端科技的超凡船只,旨在深入探究海洋生态系统,为海洋科学领域做出贡献。

Equipped with cutting-edge devices such as deep-sea submersibles and high-resolution sonar systems, South China Sea No.1 is capable of conducting comprehensive research in the deep sea.The vessel"s crew, consisting of experienced scientists and skilled technicians, is dedicated to collecting valuable data that will shed light on the mysteries of the ocean floor.“南海一号”配备了深海潜水器和高分辨率声纳系统等前沿设备,能够对深海进行全方位的研究。

南海仲裁中文版原文综述

南海仲裁中文版原文综述

南海仲裁案(菲律宾共和国v. 中华人民共和国)海牙,2016年7月12日仲裁庭发布裁决︰今日,根据《联合国海洋法公约》(“《公约》”)附件七组成的仲裁庭就菲律宾共和国对中华人民共和国提起的仲裁案作出了一致裁决。

该仲裁案涉及在南海的历史性权利的作用和海洋权利的渊源、某些岛礁的地位及其能够产生的海洋权利,以及菲律宾声称违反了《公约》的中国某些行为的合法性问题。

考虑到《公约》对强制争端解决的限制性规定,仲裁庭强调,它既不对任何涉及陆地领土主权的问题进行裁决,也不划定当事双方之间的任何边界。

中国反复申明“其不接受、不参与由菲律宾单方面提起的仲裁”。

然而,《公约》附件七规定,“争端一方缺席或不对案件进行辩护,应不妨碍程序的进行”。

附件七同时规定,在争端一方不参与程序的情况下,仲裁庭“必须不但查明对该争端确有管辖权,而且查明所提要求在事实上和法庭上均确有根据”。

因此,在整个程序中,仲裁庭采取了一些步骤验证菲律宾诉求的正确性,包括要求菲律宾提交进一步的书面论证,在两次庭审之前及庭审过程中对菲律宾进行询问,指定独立的专家就技术性问题向仲裁庭报告,以及获取关於南海岛礁的历史性证据并提供给当事双方予以评论。

通过2014年12月发布的《立场文件》和其他官方声明,中国明确表示,仲裁庭对本案涉及的事项缺乏管辖权。

《公约》第288条规定:“对於法院或法庭是否具有管辖权如果发生争端,这一问题应由该法院或法庭以裁定解决”。

据此,仲裁庭於2015年7月就管辖权和可受理性问题进行了开庭审理,并於2015年10月29日作出了《关於管辖权和可受理性问题的裁决》,其中对一些管辖权问题进行裁决并推迟对其他问题进行进一步审议。

2015年11月24日至30日,仲裁庭接着对实体问题进行了开庭审理。

今日的裁决审议了《关於管辖权和可受理性问题的裁决》未决的管辖权问题和仲裁庭有权管辖的菲律宾诉求的实体性问题。

根据《公约》第296条和附件七第11条的规定,该裁决具有终局性和拘束力。

南海仲裁管辖权决定(中英文本)CNARB中国仲裁

南海仲裁管辖权决定(中英文本)CNARB中国仲裁

南海仲裁管辖权决定(中英文本)CNARB中国仲裁编者按海牙的“常设仲裁法院”当地时间10月29日做出裁决,声称“有权审理菲律宾就中国南海主权争议提出的诉讼”。

菲律宾称菲中都是“联合国海洋法公约”的签约国,应该用这项公约来解决两国间因中国南海岛礁的主权归属而出现的争端。

但中国拒绝参加海牙国际仲裁法庭所举行的听审,并坚持认为该法庭没有对这个案件的裁判权。

常设仲裁法院声称,案件反映了“两国间对联合国海洋法公约的解释及使用出现的纷争”,因此属于法庭管辖的范围。

刊发PCA发布的相关决定新闻稿及摘要供了解和讨论。

新闻稿菲律宾诉中国仲裁案海牙,2015年10月29日仲裁庭做出了关于管辖权和可受理性问题的裁决;将会进行后续开庭审理在菲律宾根据《联合国海洋公约》(“《公约》”)附件七对中国提起的仲裁案中,在附件七下组成的仲裁庭就管辖权和可受理性问题做出了裁决。

本次仲裁涉及到“历史性权利”的意义,南海海洋权利的来源,某些南海海洋地形的地位以及它们能够产生的海洋权利,以及中国在南海被菲律宾指控违反了《公约》规定的某些行为的合法性问题。

关于《公约》对于可提交强制纠纷解决程序的事项的限制,菲律宾强调其并未请求仲裁庭对同时被菲律宾和中国所主张的南海海洋地形的主权问题做出裁决。

菲律宾亦不请求仲裁庭划定两国之间的任何海洋边界。

中国反复申明“其不接受、不参与由菲律宾单方面提起的仲裁。

”然而,中国明确指出——特别是通过2014年12月发布的《中华人民共和国政府关于菲律宾共和国所提南海仲裁案管辖权问题的立场文件》(“中国立场文件”)——其认为仲裁庭不具备审理菲律宾所提交事项的管辖权。

根据《公约》的规定,仲裁庭必须查明其自身对提交其审理的事项具有管辖权,即使一方选择不参加仲裁程序或者不提出正式反对。

因此,2015年4月仲裁庭决定将中国立场文件视为构成对仲裁庭管辖问题的有效答辩并于2015年7月7、8和13日在海牙就管辖权和可受理性问题进行了开庭审理。

南海仲裁案裁决结果全文

南海仲裁案裁决结果全文

海牙常设仲裁法庭“南海仲裁案裁决”全文南海仲裁案(菲律宾共和国v. 中华人民共和国)海牙,2016年7月12日仲裁庭发布裁决︰今日,根据《联合国海洋法公约》(“《公约》”)附件七组成的仲裁庭就菲律宾共和国对中华人民共和国提起的仲裁案作出了一致裁决。

该仲裁案涉及在南海的历史性权利的作用和海洋权利的渊源、某些岛礁的地位及其能够产生的海洋权利,以及菲律宾声称违反了《公约》的中国某些行为的合法性问题。

考虑到《公约》对强制争端解决的限制性规定,仲裁庭强调,它既不对任何涉及陆地领土主权的问题进行裁决,也不划定当事双方之间的任何边界。

中国反复申明“其不接受、不参与由菲律宾单方面提起的仲裁”。

然而,《公约》附件七规定,“争端一方缺席或不对案件进行辩护,应不妨碍程序的进行”。

附件七同时规定,在争端一方不参与程序的情况下,仲裁庭“必须不但查明对该争端确有管辖权,而且查明所提要求在事实上和法庭上均确有根据”。

因此,在整个程序中,仲裁庭采取了一些步骤验证菲律宾诉求的正确性,包括要求菲律宾提交进一步的书面论证,在两次庭审之前及庭审过程中对菲律宾进行询问,指定独立的专家就技术性问题向仲裁庭报告,以及获取关於南海岛礁的历史性证据并提供给当事双方予以评论。

通过2014年12月发布的《立场文件》和其他官方声明,中国明确表示,仲裁庭对本案涉及的事项缺乏管辖权。

《公约》第288条规定:“对於法院或法庭是否具有管辖权如果发生争端,这一问题应由该法院或法庭以裁定解决”。

据此,仲裁庭於2015年7月就管辖权和可受理性问题进行了开庭审理,并於2015年10月29日作出了《关於管辖权和可受理性问题的裁决》,其中对一些管辖权问题进行裁决并推迟对其他问题进行进一步审议。

2015年11月24日至30日,仲裁庭接着对实体问题进行了开庭审理。

今日的裁决审议了《关於管辖权和可受理性问题的裁决》未决的管辖权问题和仲裁庭有权管辖的菲律宾诉求的实体性问题。

根据《公约》第296条和附件七第11条的规定,该裁决具有终局性和拘束力。

美国南海研究报告英语

美国南海研究报告英语

美国南海研究报告英语The South China Sea, located in Southeast Asia, has been a topic of intense dispute between several countries, including China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Taiwan. The United States has also been closely monitoring the situation due to its geopolitical and economic interests in the region. This report aims to provide an overview of the issues surrounding the South China Sea and analyze the United States' stance on the matter.1. Background:The South China Sea is a strategically important area due to its rich natural resources, shipping lanes, and potential for military control. The dispute stems from conflicting territorial claims over several small islands and reefs in the sea. China claims the largest portion of the sea based on historical maps, while other countries claim territories based on international law, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).2. China's assertiveness:China has been increasingly assertive in asserting its claims in the South China Sea in recent years. It has built artificial islands and military bases in disputed areas, leading to concerns among neighboring countries and the United States. China's actions have been seen as a violation of international law, as well as a threat to the freedom of navigation in the region.3. United States' stance:The United States has been involved in the South China Sea dispute primarily to protect its national interests. It has expressed concerns over China's behavior and has taken steps to support itsallies and partners in the region. The U.S. Navy has conducted freedom of navigation operations, sailing near disputed islands to show its commitment to freedom of navigation.4. U.S.-China rivalry:The South China Sea dispute has also become a platform for the ongoing rivalry between the United States and China. The United States sees China's assertiveness as a challenge to its regional influence and has been working to counterbalance China's actions. This rivalry has led to an increase in military presence in the region and raised concerns about the potential for a military confrontation between the two powers.5. Regional stability and cooperation:The South China Sea dispute has a significant impact on regional stability and cooperation. The competing claims and assertive actions by various countries have raised tensions and created an uncertain environment. Efforts to resolve the dispute through dialogue and peaceful means have been hindered by mistrust and diverging interests.6. Conclusion:The South China Sea dispute is a complex issue with far-reaching implications. The United States plays a vital role in the region, as it seeks to maintain freedom of navigation and protect its economic interests. While the United States has been critical of China's behavior, it is also essential to promote dialogue and cooperation among all parties involved to ensure long-term stability in the South China Sea.。

南海仲裁案

南海仲裁案

素材| 南海仲裁案南海仲裁案2013年1月22日,菲律宾外交部照会中国驻菲大使馆称,菲律宾就中菲有关南海“海洋管辖权”争端提起强制仲裁,并声称其依据是《联合国海洋法公约》有关规定。

此后,中国政府发表关于菲律宾所提南海仲裁案管辖权问题的立场文件,全面系统阐述中国不接受、不参与仲裁以及仲裁庭对本案明显没有管辖权的立场和理据。

然而,在菲律宾执意推动下,仲裁庭仍然强行推进程序。

2016年7月12日,海牙国际仲裁法庭对“南海仲裁案”作出最终“裁决”,荷兰海牙法庭判菲律宾“胜诉”,并声称,中国对南海海域没有“历史性所有权”,并否定了中国主张的“九段线”。

多向运用近年来,中国南海问题矛盾凸显并且愈演愈烈。

而菲律宾南海仲裁案仲裁庭作出的非法无效的所谓最终裁决,也使得原本和平、安定的南海,空气中处处弥漫着浓重的火药味。

一、从维护国家主权的角度来看国家有大有小,领土有多有少,皆属历史形成,谁都不能以任何方式,借机侵占他国领土。

中国在南海享有的主权和合法权利,是中国人民千百年来在南海开发经营、有效管辖乃至抗击列强中逐步建立的,任何人试图靠一纸裁决,掠走我们老祖宗留下来的神圣领土,都是徒劳的。

适用话题:维护国家主权、寸土不失、捍卫领土完整、国家利益等。

二、从解决争端的角度来看仲裁解决不了中菲在南海的争议,只会刺激对立情绪,损害地区和平与稳定。

中菲两国是搬不走的邻居,在南海问题上,只有坚持在尊重历史事实的基础上,平等对话、谈判协商,才能更好地解决争端问题,维护南海和平、稳定。

适用话题:和平解决争端、对话协商、尊重事实等。

三、从和平与发展的角度来看世界贸易一体化格局正在给世界各国的政治、经济带来前所未有的发展机遇和深刻影响力。

只有在和平、和谐、共同发展、共同进步的前提下,各国才能发展壮大自己的经济实力,给国民带来更多的利益和福祉。

适用话题:走和平发展之路、维护地区和平与稳定、互利共赢等。

写作示例1 卧榻之侧,岂容他人鼾睡近日,“南海仲裁”闹剧持续升温发酵,然而冗长的“裁决书”掩盖不了其法理的严重缺失,有失偏颇的依据经受不了历史的考验,煞费苦心的语言遮不住裁决的荒诞不经。

新加坡搅和南海令中国不满

新加坡搅和南海令中国不满

新加坡搅和南海令中国不满作者:暂无来源:《读报参考》 2016年第30期围绕南海问题以及所谓“南海仲裁”,新加坡近期的一些表态在中国引发了重重争议,中国网上弥漫着对新加坡的不满。

在环球网9月29日的网络调查中,98%的网民认为“对新加坡的观感是在恶化”。

记者舒方求证李显龙访日如何谈南海“新加坡总理在日演讲,要求中国尊重南海仲裁结果”。

日本共同社中文网9月29日晚发布消息,称,正在访日的新加坡总理李显龙当天发表演讲,就“国际仲裁法庭7月得出全面否定中国在南海主权主张的仲裁结果”表示,“世界不能没有规则”,认为中国应遵守该结果。

报道称,李显龙强调:“在没有法治、大国可随心所欲行动的世界上,像新加坡这样的小国将失去生存余地。

”共同社这一报道令近来对新加坡在南海问题的言行不满的中国网民“火上浇油”。

不过,记者当晚查阅了日本各大媒体网站,除共同社外,其他媒体均没有“李显龙要求中国尊重南海仲裁结果”的类似报道。

李显龙29日是在日本经济新闻社主办的“亚洲未来”大会上发表演讲的。

日本经济新闻社英文网称,“新加坡总理警告南海丛林法则”。

但报道并未提及“南海仲裁”。

9月29日,新加坡《联合早报》中文网刊登了李显龙演讲全文,日本共同社报道的李显龙上述讲话并未提及。

报道引述李显龙的话称,中国的崛起给世界带来巨大好处。

每一个国家都因为中国的崛起而必须做出重大的调整,包括中国本身、世界各地的小国家和其他大国。

而中国应该理解他快速崛起让其邻国和其他大国自然产生的不安和疑虑。

较小的国家,如新加坡,则必须把崛起中强国的政策和利益多纳入我们的考量。

李显龙在演讲中提到了“南海”。

他说,偶尔的摩擦或争执在所难免,尤其是邻近国家之间更有可能发生。

因此,中国在南海、东海所涉及的领土与海域争议并不让人感到意外。

但是,致力达到一个可行的新平衡点,把冲突的可能减至最低,对各方都有实实在在的好处。

新加坡总理府网站也刊登了李显龙演讲英文全文,跟《联合早报》报道一致,未见“南海仲裁”字样。

“南海行为准则”阻却声索国再提强制仲裁的可能性

“南海行为准则”阻却声索国再提强制仲裁的可能性

海南热带海洋学院学报Journal of Hainan Tropical Ocean University 第28卷第3期2021年6月Vol. 28 No. 3oun=2021“南海行为准则$阻却声索国再提强制仲裁的可能性张琪悦a >b(上海国际问题研究院a.全球治理研究所;b.海洋和极地研究中心,上海200233)摘要:南海声索国援引《联合国海洋法公约》第十五部分再提强制仲裁的隐忧始终存在。

“南海行为准则”作为管控危 机与建立信心信任的工具,能否以及如何排除这一潜在危机,是我国始终关心的重要问题。

“准则”可以明示排除各国援引 《公约》强制仲裁程序,也可以基于国家自行选择争端解决方式、作为导致有拘束力裁决的区域性协议、通过发表排除性声 明、以国家同意与自由意志默示排除。

“准则”可能援引《东南亚友好合作条约》的争端解决机制遵守国家同意与善意原则 的要求#在对策方面,我国应当避免将南海仲裁案裁决结果反映在“准则”中;明示或默示排除诉诸强制仲裁,为启动强制 程序制造阻碍;综合利用多重手段解决争端,为应诉提前做好法律与外交准备。

关键词:“南海行为准则”;《联合国海洋法公约》;《东南亚友好合作条约》;强制仲裁;争端解决机制中图分类号:D993.5 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2096 -3122(2021)03 -0017 -12DOI :10. 13307/j. issn. 2096 -3122.2021.03.03“南海行为准则”(以下简称“准则”)是我国与东盟国家正在磋商的重要文件,预期将于近年达成。

“准则”将发挥自我克制、管控危机、建立信心与信任、推动海上务实合作、缓解争端等重要作用#新冠肺 炎疫情导致第二轮审读进程延迟,高官会与联合工作组会未能如期举行#域内国家的新动向与域外国家 的不断干预致使“准则”磋商面临更多不确定性,表现为以下三点:第一,南海声索国单方行为加剧争端复杂化#越南已着手准备将中越南海争端诉诸法律程序,通过撰 写起诉状、确定诉及事项、包装诉求、提名《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称“《公约》”)附件五下的四位调 解员和附件七下的四位仲裁员,为我国增加法律应对风险[1] #菲律宾力图将仲裁案裁决结果纳入“准则” 文本中,确认并巩固其在南海的既得利益,甚至以此作为主张200海里外大陆架的依据[2] #马来西亚向大 陆架界限委员会提交南海外大陆架划界申请,希望利用“准则”达成前的窗口期尽可能谋取国家利益最大 化[3] #南海声索国单方行动为“准则”磋商增加了难度。

解放军南海战场英语作文

解放军南海战场英语作文

解放军南海战场英语作文The South China Sea battlefield is where we show our strength and determination. Our soldiers are brave and ready to defend our territory at all costs.The enemy may underestimate us, but they will soon realize the power of the Chinese military. We are well-trained and well-equipped, ready to face any challenge that comes our way.Our presence in the South China Sea is not a threat, but a necessary measure to protect our national interests. We will not back down in the face of aggression, and wewill always stand firm in defense of our sovereignty.The South China Sea is our backyard, and we will not allow any foreign interference in our affairs. We are committed to maintaining peace and stability in the region, but we will not hesitate to use force if necessary.Our soldiers are the pride of our nation, and we will support them in every way possible. Together, we will defend our territory and ensure that the South China Sea remains a peaceful and prosperous region for all.。

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THE SOUTH CHINA SEA ARBITRATION(THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES V. THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA)The Hague, 12 July 2016The Tribunal Renders Its AwardA unanimous Award has been issued today by the Tribunal constituted under Annex VII to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the “Convention”) in the arbitration instituted by the Republic of the Philippines against the People’s Republic of China.This arbitration concerned the role of historic rights and the source of maritime entitlements in the South China Sea, the status of certain maritime features and the maritime entitlements they are capable of generating, and the lawfulness of certain actions by China that were alleged by the Philippines to violate the Convention. In light of limitations on compulsory dispute settlement under the Convention, the Tribunal has empha sized that it does not rule on any question of sovereignty over land territory and does not delimit any boundary between the Parties.China has repeatedly stated that “it will neither accept nor participate in the arbitration unilaterally initiated by the Philippines.”Annex VII, however, provides that the “be sence of a party or failure of a party to defend its case shall not constitute a bar to the proceedings.”Annex VII also provides that, in the event that a party does not participate in the proceedings, a tribunal “must satisfy itself not only that it has jurisdiction over the dispute but also that the claim is well founded in fact and law.”Accordingly, throughout these proceedings,the Tribunal has taken steps to test the accuracy of the Philippines’claims, including by requesting further written submissions from the Philippines, by questioning the Philippines both prior to and during two hearings, by appointing independent experts to report to the Tribunal on technical matters, and by obtaining historical evidence concerning features in the South China Sea and providing it to the Parties for comment.China has also made clear—through the publication of a Position Paper in December 2014 and in othe rofficial statements—that, in its view, the Tribunal lacks jurisdiction in this matter. Article 288 of the Convention provides that: “In the event of a dispute as to whether a court or tribunal has jurisdiction, the matter shall be settled by decision of that court or tribunal.”Accordingly, the Tribunal convened a hearing on jurisdiction and admissibility in July 2015 and rendered an Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility on 29 October 2015, deciding some issues of jurisdiction and deferring others for further consideration. The Tribunal then convened a hearing on the merits from 24 to 30 November 2015.The Award of today’s date addresses the issues of jurisdiction not decided in the Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility and the merits of the Philippines’claims over which the Tribunal has jurisdiction. The Award is final and binding, as set out in Article 296 of the Convention and Article 11 of Annex VII.Historic Rights and the ‘Nine-Dash Line’: The Tribunal found that it has jurisdiction to consider the Parties’dispute concerning historic rights and the source of maritime entitlements in the South China Sea.On the merits, the Tribunal concluded that the Convention comprehensively allocates rights to maritime areas and that protections for pre-existing rights to resources were considered, but not adopted in the Convention. Accordingly, the Tribunal concluded that, to the extentChina had historic rights to resources in the waters of the South China Sea, such rights were extinguished to the extent they were incompatible with the exclusive economic zones provided for in the Convention. The Tribunal also noted that, although Chinese navigators and fishermen, as well as those of other States, had historically made use of the islands in the South China Sea, there was no evidence that China had historically exercised exclusive control over the waters or their resources. The Tribunal concluded that there was no legal basis for China to claim historic rights to resources within the sea areas falling within the ‘nine-dash line’.Status of Features: The Tribunal next considered entitlements to maritime areas and the status of features.The Tribunal first undertook an evaluation of whether certain reefs claimed by China are above water at high tide. Features that are above water at high tide generate an entitlement to at least a 12 nautical mile territorial sea, whereas features that are submerged at high tide do not. The Tribunal noted that the reefs have been heavily modified by land reclamation and construction, recalled that the Convention classifies features on their natural condition, and relied on historical materials in evaluating the features. The Tribunal then considered whether any of the features claimed by China could generate maritime zones beyond 12 nautical miles. Under the Convention, islands generate an exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles and a continental shelf, but “ocks which cannot sustain human habitation or economic life of their own shall have no exclusive economic zone or continental shelf.”The Tribunal concluded that this provision depends upon the objective capacity of a feature, in its natural condition, to sustain either a stable community of people or economic activity that is not dependent on outside resources or purely extractive in nature. The Tribunal noted that the current presence of official personnel on many of the features is dependent on outside support and not reflective of the capacity of the features. The Tribunal found historical evidence to be more relevant and noted that the Spratly Islands were historically used by small groups of fishermen and that several Japanese fishing and guano mining enterprises were attempted. The Tribunal concluded that such transient use does not constitute inhabitation by a stable community and that all of the historical economic activity had been extractive. Accordingly, the Tribunal concluded that none of the Spratly Islands is capable of generating extended maritime zones. The Tribunal also held that the Spratly Islands cannot generate maritime zones collectively as a unit. Having found that none of the features claimed by China was capable of generating an exclusive economic zone, the Tribunal found that it could—without delimiting a boundary—declare that certain sea areas are within the exclusive economic zone of the Philippines, because those areas are not overlapped by any possible entitlement of China.Lawfulness of Chinese Actions: The Tribunal next considered the lawfulness of Chinese actions in the South China Sea. Having found that certain areas are within the exclusive economic zone of the Philippines, the Tribunal found that China had violated the Philippines’sovereign rights in its exclusive economic zone by (a) interfering with Philippine fishing and petroleum exploration, (b) constructing artificial islands and (c) failing to prevent Chinese fishermen from fishing in the zone.The Tribunal also held that fishermen from the Philippines (like those from China) had traditional fishing rights at Scarborough Shoal and that China had interfered with these rights in restricting access. The Tribunal further held that Chinese law enforcement vessels had unlawfully created a serious risk of collision when they physically obstructed Philippine vessels.Harm to Marine Environment: The Tribunal considered the effect on the marine environment of China’s recent large-scale land reclamation and construction of artificial islands at seven features in the Spratly Islands and found that China had caused severe harm to the coral reef environment and violated its obligation to preserve and protect fragile ecosystems and the habitat of depleted, threatened, or endangered species. The Tribunal also found that Chinese authorities were aware that Chinese fishermen have harvested endangeredsea turtles, coral, and giant clams on a substantial scale in the South China Sea (using methods that inflict severe damage on the coral reef environment) and had not fulfilled their obligations to stop such activities.Aggravation of Dispute: Finally, the Tribunal considered whether China’s actions since the commencement of the arbitration had aggravated the dispute between the Parties. The Tribunal found that it lacked jurisdiction to consider the implications of a stand-off between Philippine marines and Chinese naval and law enforcement vessels at Second Thomas Shoal, holding that this dispute involved military activities and was therefore excluded from compulsory settlement. The Tribunal found, however, that China’s recent large-scale land reclamation and construction of artificial islands was incompatible with the obligations on a State during dispute resolution proceedings, insofar as China has inflicted irreparable harm to the marine environment, built a large artificial island in the Philippines’exclusive economic zone, and destroyed evidence of the natural condition of features in the South China Sea that formed part of the Parties’dispute.An expanded summary of the Tribunal’s decisions is set out below.The Tribunal was constituted on 21 June 2013 pursuant to the procedure set out in Annex VII of the Convention to decide the dispute presented by the Philippines. The Tribunal is composed of Judge Thomas A. Mensah of Ghana, Judge Jean-Pierre Cot of France, Judge Stanislaw Pawlak of Poland, Professor Alfred H.A. Soons of the Netherlands, and Judge Rüdiger Wolfrum of Germany. Judge Thomas A. Mensah serves as President of the Tribunal. The Permanent Court of Arbitration acts as the Registry in the proceedings.Further information about the case may be found at /web/view/7, including the Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility, the Rules of Procedure, earlier Press Releases, hearing transcripts, and photographs. Procedural Orders, submissions by the Philippines, and reports by the Tribunal’s experts will be made available in due course, as will unofficial Chinese translations of the Tribunal’s Awards.。

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