生产运作分析

名词解释

1.assembly to order订货组装

first produce semi-finished products (parts and components) in advance, then assemble them into different products according to customer order. e.g. automobile manufacturing.

2.Make to order 订货制造

all products have been designed in advance，then according to customer orders, buy raw materials，parts and components, and then manufacture and assembly them into products the customer requires.

3.Engineer to order: 订货工程

first design products according to customer’s requirement after receiving order, then purchase, and then make them.

long production cycle

pay more attention to reducing design cycle

standard and general parts should be used as much as possible,

using CAD, CAPP、CAE、CAM.

4.Principle of process specialization 工艺专业化原则

organize the production units according to a production process kind. Within one production unit: the same type of workers complete the same processes using the same type equipments.

5.Group technology 成组技术

allocate different equipments into a production cell to work on a product family that have similar shapes and process requirements.

6.Product Life Cycle 产品寿命周期

the time duration from the time when a product is put into market to time when it disappear in the market;

7.The Process Life Cycle 过程寿命周期

three major stages of the manufacturing process life cycle.

Early stage、Middle stage 、Last stage .

8.Aggregate planning 总合计划

Aggregate planning, which might also be called macro production planning, addresses the problem of deciding how many employees the firm should retain and, for a manufacturing firm, the quantity and the mix of products to be produced.

Aggregate planning methodology is designed to translate demand forecasts into a blueprint for planning staffing and production levels for the firm over a predetermined planning horizon.

9.Inventory 库存

Inventory is the stock of any item or resource used in an organization.

10.MRP (Materials Requirements Planning)

MRP is the basic process of translating a production schedule for an end product (MPS or Master Production Schedule) to a set of requirements for all of the （subassemblies）components and parts needed to make that item.

MRP is the classic pushsystem. The MRP system computes production schedules for all levels based on forecasts of sales of end items. Once produced, subassemblies are pushed to next level whether needed or not.

11.BOM （Bill of Materiel）物料清单MRP-Inputs

BOM contains complete description, listing not only the materials, parts, and components but also the sequence in which the product is created;

BOM, along with MPS and inventory record are the three inputs ;

BOM is often called product structure file or product tree because it show how all the materials, parts, components, and subassemblies are put together to form a product.

12. Lot For Lot (LFL)(按需确定批量)

Lot for lot: the number of units scheduled for production each period is the same as the net requirement. LFL is only for convenience and ease of use, rather than optimal.

13.Flow shop流水线生产车间

All jobs follow the same paths from one machine to the next;

14.Job shop 零工型生产车间

No similar pattern of movement of jobs from one machine to the next.

简答

1.Describe four phases of the manufacturing process that appear in the product-process matrix.

The matrix is based on four phases in the evolution of the manufacturing process:(1)jumbled flow,(2)disconnected line flow,(3)connected line flow, and(4)continuous flow.

2.There are several similarities and several differences between Exponential Smoothing and Moving Averages forecasting methods. Compare them in detail.

Comparing of ES and MA

Similarities

Both methods are based on assumption that underlying demand is stationary .

Both methods depend on a single parameter.

Both methods will lag behind a trend if one exits.

Differences

MA is better than ES in that it needs only past N data, while ES needs all the past data;

It is significant advantage of ES over MA that it only needs to save the last forecast, while MA needs to store N past data.

3.What does the term aggregate unit of production mean? Does aggregate unit of production always corresponds to actual items?