初中英语语法——非谓语动词

初中英语语法——非谓语动词（全面总结）

非谓语动词包括动词不定式，动词- ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，不受主语人称和谓语动词的时态变化干扰，但是有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。

To hear your voice is so nice. 动词不定式

Reading books makes one wise. 动词-ing形式

This is a book written by Balzac. 过去分词

1、动词不定式

2、

1.1动词不定式的类型

动词不定式是一种动词的非谓语形式，可在句中充当多种成分，是初中英语学习中必须掌握的重要语法项目。

1.2动词不定式的句法功能

1.2.1动词不定式作主语

To learn a foreign language is not easy.

1.2.2动词不定式作主语

Her job is to look after the children.

1.2.3动词不定式作宾语

He wants to buy some stamps.

1.2.4动词不定式作宾语补足语

The doctor told me to have a rest.

1.2.5动词不定式作定语

I want something to eat.

1.2.6动词不定式作状语

Yesterday they came to visit us.

1.3动词不定式的时态和语态

1.3.1一般式：to do表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之后，或同时发生。

I want to visit my teacher.

I believe him to be a good studeng.

1.3.2完成式：to have done 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.

1.3.3进行式：to be doing 表示不定式的动作与谓语的动作同时进行。

He seems to be worrying about it.

1.3.4被动语态:to be done 表示被动关系。

This sick man will need to be taken to a hospital.

1.4动词不定式的重点与难点

1.4.1疑问句+ to + 动词原形

1.4.1.1该句型可与宾语从句互换

know what to do. = I don’t know what I should do.

I don’ｔ

1.4.1.2 疑问句在不定式中充当成分时，疑问代词作宾语，疑问副词作状语。

I don’t know what to do.

(疑问代词what作宾语)

I don’t know how to do it.

(疑问副词how作状语)

1.4.2动词不定式作定语

1.4.

2.1动词不定式要放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。

He has an important meeting to attend.(定语)

1.4.

2.2动词不定式与所修饰的名词、代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此若不定式的动词是不及物动词或者不定时所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面就要加上相应的介词。

They want a big room to live in.

Pass me a knife to cut the bread with.

1.4.3动词不定式作状语

当动词不定式修饰表语形容词作状语时，它和主语构成动宾关系。同样，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词时要加相应的介词。

The house is very comfortable to live in.

The pen is good to write with.

1.5使用不定式的注意事项

1.5.1有些动词的不定式省略to.

1.5.1.1祈使动词如make, let , have

The boss made Tom’s father work all day.

1.5.1.2感官动词如hear, see, notice

I saw him go into the classroom just now.

1.5.1.3用于被动语态时，被省略的to需要还原

He was made to do the job at once.

*不定式省略to的口诀

有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，其口诀是：一感二听三让四观看。

一感：feel

二听：hear, listen to

三让：let, have, make

四观看：observe, see, watch, look at

1.5.2动词不定式的否定需在to前加not。

Mother often tells Tom not to play football in the street.

1.5.3作简略回答或为避免不必要的重复时，不定式常可省略to后面的动词，只保留to。动词make, let, see, hear…后面的词可全部省略。

A: Did you go to see the Great Wall.

B: Yes, I went to.