QTZ40塔式起重机总体及平衡臂设计

设计题目：QTZ40塔式起重机总体及平衡臂设计设计人：

摘要

塔式起重机作为建筑施工的主要设备，在建筑等行业发挥着极其重要的作用。塔式起重机属于臂架型起重机，由于其臂架铰接在较高的塔身上，且可回转，臂架长度较大，结构轻巧、安装拆卸运输方便，适于露天作业，因此大多数用于工业与民用建筑施工。

塔式起重机是为了满足高层建筑施工、设备安装而设计的新型起重运输机械。本次设计QTZ40塔式起重机为自升式上回转塔式起重机，能够随建筑高度的升高而加升、占地面积小和拆装方便等优点，塔机上部能借助于液压顶升机构，根据施工的建筑物的增高而相应地升高，使司机操作方便，视野宽并始终保持高清晰，主要适用于高层住房、高层建筑的施工。

本设计的题目是固定式QTZ40塔式起重机平衡臂的设计。QTZ40塔式起重机有多种形式，此次设计的形式为上回转液压顶升自动加节，可随着建筑物的升高而升高，固定式高度为30米，在附着状态下可达到100米。

本设计书主要包括四部分：第一部分主要是对现今国内外塔式起重机的发展现状、趋势以及QTZ40塔式起重机特点、应用场合，做了一个简要的概述；第二部分是QTZ40塔式起重机总体方案的选择及总体设计计算过程；第三部分是平衡臂设计和计算。

关键词： QTZ40塔式起重机平衡臂设计

设计题目：QTZ40塔式起重机总体及平衡臂设计设计人：

设计题目：QTZ40塔式起重机总体及平衡臂设计设计人：

ABSTRACT

As an important facility, the tower crane plays an important role in construction industry. The tower crane belongs to the arm rack type crane. Its arm is hinged on the high tower body, and it may rotate. It has longer arm, dexterous structure. What’s more, it is easy to be assembled, disassembled and transported. It is suitable for the open-air work and mainly used for industry and civil construction

Tower cranes are to meet high-rise construction building, equipment installation and design as a new type machinery of lifting transport. The form of this design is tower crane ，the rotating structure of the QTZ40 tower crane is on the top. To the building of the height of the rise and add up, this crane covers an small area and open a convenient advantages of the tower on top of the department have the promotion, according to the construction of buildings improves and correspondingly increase, the driver is easy to operate with wide and remained high, which is applied to the construction of the high buildings.

The design topic is the stationary QTZ40tower crane system and the design of jack arm. There are many kinds of QTZ40 tower crane. The form of this design is as below. With an upper rotating hydraulic pressure propping system, the machine could add height automatically and thus rise with the building ascension. The stationary type is 30meter high; it could reach the height of 100meters.

This design book mainly includes four parts. The first part summarizes the present situation and the development tendency of the Tower crane in both our country and abroad, as well as the characteristic and application occasion. The second part is the QTZ40 tower crane overall concept choice and the system design computation process; the last part is the organization design and the computation of jack arm.

KEY WORDS: QTZ500 tower crane jack arm design

设计题目：QTZ40塔式起重机总体及平衡臂设计设计人：设计项目计算与说明结果荷，并通过回转塔架、转台、承座等的结构部件或直接通过

转台传递给塔身结构。

自升式塔机的塔顶有直立截锥柱式、前倾或后倾截锥柱

式、人字架式及斜撑式等形式。截锥柱式塔尖实质上是一个

转柱，由于构造上的一些原因，低部断面尺寸要比塔身断面

尺寸为小，其主弦杆可视需要选用实心圆钢，厚壁无缝钢管

或不等边角钢拼焊的矩形钢管。人字架式塔尖部件由一个平

面型钢焊接桁架和两根定位系杆组成。而斜撑式塔尖则由一

个平面型钢焊接桁架和两根定位系杆组成。这两种型式塔尖

的共同特点是构造简单自重轻，加工容易，存放方便，拆卸

运输便利。

塔顶高度与起重臂架承载能力有密切关系，一般取为臂

架长度的1/7-1/10，长臂架应配用较高的塔尖。但是塔尖高

度超过一定极限时，弦杆应力下降效果便不显著，过分加高

塔尖高度不仅导致塔尖自重加大，而且会增加安装困难需要

换用起重能力更大的辅助吊机。因此，设计时，应权衡各方

面的条件选择适当的塔顶高度。

本设计采用前倾截锥柱式塔顶，断面尺寸为 1.36m×1.36m。腹杆采用圆钢管。塔顶高6.115米。塔冒用无缝钢管焊接而成，顶部设有连接平衡臂拉杆和吊臂拉杆的铰销吊耳，以及穿绕起升钢丝绳的定滑轮，顶部应装有安全灯和避雷针。其结构如图2-1所示：

图2-1 塔顶结构图采用前倾截锥柱式塔顶