航空货运

2010年国际货代英语辅导：航空货运(1)

加入收藏【大中小】 [ 2010-9-25 ]

一、航空货运基本介绍

英文原文：The movement of freight by air is more complicated than the movement of passengers by air. For one thing, of course, freight cannot speak for itself or walk from plane to plane when making a connection or take care of its own travel documents.

注释：freight: 货物 complicated: 复杂的 passenger: 乘客，旅客 for one thing: 首先 speak for: 代表…说话 make a conne ction: 中转 take care of：照料，照顾 travel document: 旅行证件

中文意思：空运货物要比空运旅客复杂的多，首先，货物本身不会说话，中转时不会从一架飞机走到另一架飞机，同时也不会照料自己的旅行证件。

英文原文：Every piece of freight has to be carefully labeled and transported from place to place – not just from ai rport to airport, but also from point of origin to point of destination – door to door, to use a common expression.

注释：label: 贴标签于, 标注

中文意思：每件货物必须仔细地贴上标签，从一个地方运到另一个地——不仅是从机场到机场，还包括从发货地至目的地的运输——用通常的话说就是，门到门。

英文原文：In addition, there are more government regulations, and usually more complicated ones, for international s hipment of freight than for passengers.

注释：government regulation: 政府管制，政府法规

中文意思：除此之外，政府对国际货物运输的管制比国际旅客运输的要多得多，国际货物运输也更为复杂。

英文原文：Because of these complications, a large proportion of air freight shipments are handled by freight forward ing agencies, which fill a function similar to that performed by travel agencies for passengers. In other words, they t ake care of making all the necessary arrangements so that a customer is not bothered with many of the details.

注释：complication: 复杂，复杂化 a large proportion of：一大部分 freight shipment：货运 fill：充任，执行 similar to:相似，与…类似 travel agency：旅行社 bother with：为…费心

中文意思：因为如此复杂，大部分的航空货运都是由货运代理人来操作的，他们履行的职责类似于为旅客服务的旅行社的职责。换句话说，他们负责所有必要的安排使得顾客不再为许多细节操心。

英文原文：Many shipments are also made by companies or government offices that do so much shipping that they are exp erienced in all the procedures. Many of these companies and offices employ special shipping clerks.

注释：government office：政府机关，政府机构 be experienced in：在…方面有经验 shipping clerk：运务员，装运人员

中文意思：许多运输也由从事过许多装运业务的公司或者政府机构操作，他们在所有的程序方面都很有经验。他们中许多公司和机构都雇用专门的运务员。

英文原文：Like the reservation agent, the air freight agent does most of his work by telephone. Let’s suppose that a shipping clerk calls in from a company that wants to send a large number of shipments by air freight. The air freight agent assigns an air waybill number to the shipment. Then he arrange for the pickup of the shipment from the customer. He can also book the shipment on whatever flights are necessary. When the shipment is received by the airline, each pi ece is marked with the air waybill number for identification.

注释：reservation agent: 预定员 air freight agent: 航空货运代理人 suppose: 假定，假设 call in: 来电，打电话 assign: 分配，指派air waybill: 航空运单 pickup: 收取 fight: 班机，航程 necessary: 必须的 airline：航空公司 be marked with: 表明，被标上 identification: 识别，核对

中文意思：比如预定员，航空货运代理人大部分工作都是通过电话完成的。我们假设一家公司运务员来电表示欲通过空运发送大量货物。航空代理人将为这批货物分配航空运单号码。随后他将安排从客户那里收取货物。他同样需要预定班机。当航空公司接收到货物后，每件货物都会被标上航空运单号码以供识别。

英文原文：Air freight is carried either in the baggage compartment of regular passenger flights or by freight flight s on planes that have been especially designed or adapted for carrying cargo.

注释：baggage compartment: 行李舱 design for: 设计来做 adapt for: 调整，为…改变

中文意思：空运的货物或者放在正常客运航班的行李舱里运送，或者由运货而专门设计或改装的货运航班承运。

英文原文：The freight flights usually operate between major shipping points. In the United States, for example, a fr eight might be routed from New York to San Francisco by way of Chicago. From large stations that are not served by dire ct freight flights, the freight office probably has an allotment of space on passenger flights that connect with a frei ght flight – from Washington to New York, for example.

注释：shipping point: 装运地点 San Francisco: 旧金山 by way of: 经由，通过 Chicago: 芝加哥 large station: 大型站 fre ight office: 货运办公室 allotment: 分配，份额 Washington: 华盛顿

中文意思：货运航班通常在主要装运地之间运行。在美国，例如，一架货运航班可能从纽约经由芝加哥飞往旧金山。从没有直达货运航班的大站起飞，货运办公室很可能安排与货运航班衔接的客运航班舱位运送货物——比如从华盛顿至纽约。

英文原文：At smaller stations, freight would probably go out on a space available basis on passenger flights. Making room for freight, incidentally, is another reason for weight limitations on passenger baggage.

注释：go out: 出去(在这里指“运出”)make room for: 为…腾出空位，给…腾出地方 incidentally: 附带的，顺便的 limitatio n: 限制，限度

中文意思：在较小的航站，货物则用客运航班上的可利用的舱位运出。客机附带为货物腾出舱位，这也是限制旅客行李重量的另一个原因。

2010年国际货代英语辅导：航空货运(2)

加入收藏【大中小】 [ 2010-9-25 ]

二、航空货运运费

英文原文：The charges on air freight are determined either by weight or weight plus volume – that is, by the size o f the pieces in the shipment.

注释：be determined by: 由…所决定 volume: 体积

中文意思：航空运输的费用由货物的重量或者重量加体积决定——即，按每件装载货物的尺寸来决定。

英文原文：Generally, a certain number of cubic inches is considered the equivalent of a pound of weight. On internat ional shipments, a shipper is at present allowed 194 cubic inches for each pound. If he exceeds the volume allowance, h e pays a higher rate. As with passenger fares, however, there are special rates for certain kinds of goods.

注释：a certain number: 一定量，定量 cubic inches: 立方英寸 equivalent: 当量，同等物，等价物 pound: 磅 at present: 目前，现在 exceed: 超过，超出 allowance: 定量分配，给与额 as with: 与…一样 passenger fare: 客运费 special rate: 特殊运费率 certain kinds of goods: 特定货物

中文意思：通常，一定数量立方英寸等同于重量一磅。国际货物运输中，托运人目前允许量是一磅等于194立方英寸。如果超出了这个体积范围，他将支付更高一级的运费率。但与客运费一样，对于一些特定货物也采用特殊运费率。

英文原文：With passengers, the fare for the flight is almost always paid in advance. Even when a passenger uses a cr edit card, his fare is legally prepaid since the credit card company’s assumin g the responsibility for payment.

注释：pay in advance: 预付 credit card: 信用卡 legally: 法律上，依法地，合法地 prepay: 预付 assume responsibility: 承担责任

中文意思：对于旅客的客运费通常几乎都是预付的。甚至当乘客使用信用卡支付时，他的运费法律上自信用卡公司承担支付责任起即被预先支付。

英文原文：With freight, however, the airline can also accept payment on delivery; this is probably customary with la rge, frequent shippers. The member of the general public who was shipping personal effects would probably be asked to p repay. In regard to international shipment, however, some countries do not permit any shipments except those that have been prepaid, no matter who the shipper is.

注释：payment on delivery: 交货后付款 customary: 习惯的，惯例的 frequent: 经常的，频繁的 general public: 公众，群众personal effect: 私人用品 in regard to: 关于

中文意思：对于货物运输，航空公司也可以接受交货后付款;这一惯例主要针对一些发货量大，经常发货的托运人。对于一般群众发送私人用品将很可能要求预付运费。然而，关于国际货运，有些国家可不管货主是谁，不预付运费就不准运货。

英文原文：With a member of the public, the agent is probably unable to assign an air waybill number, ascertain the c harges, or book the shipment on specific flights until the shipment had been received by the airline, when it is weighe d and checked to see if it was adequately packed.

注释： ascertain: 确定，查明 adequately: 充足，足够

中文意思：对于一般群众来说，直到航空公司接到货物、过磅并检查包装是否合适之后，货运代理才为其分配一个航空货运单的号码，确定运费或在某航班上预定运货。

英文原文：When a company is making a first-time shipment, particularly if it is an international shipment, the airli ne agent might recommend a freight forwarding agency that would be prepared to help the shipper with all the problem of documentation, insurance, and so on.

注释：first-time: 第一次，首次 particularly: 尤其，特别 recommend: 推荐，介绍 be prepared to do: 能力而且愿意

中文意思：当一家公司是首次发货，尤其是国际货运，航空公司代理会介绍一家有能力而且愿意帮助托运人处理单证，保险等方面问题的货运代理。

2010年国际货代英语辅导：航空货运(3)

加入收藏【大中小】 [ 2010-9-26 ]

三、航空货运代理、海关代理等的职责

英文原文：In addition to the freight forwarding agencies, the shipping business has also given rise to another occup ation, the customs broker. The customs broker gives assistance to international shippers both in getting the necessary documentation for outgoing shipments and in getting incoming shipments through customs formalities.

注释：shipping business: 航运业 give rise to: 导致，引起，使发生 occupation: 职业 customs broker: 报关行，海关代理 g ive assistance to sb :给某人以帮助 outgoing: 外出的，出发的(在此为“运出的”)incoming: 进来的(在此为“运进的”)customs f ormality：海关手续

中文意思：除了货运代理外，航运业还产生了另外一种职业，即海关代理。海关代理帮助国际托运人准备运出货物必要的单证和办理运进货物的海关手续。

英文原文：In almost all countries, incoming freight must go through customs, just like an arriving passenger, before it can be released to the consignee – the person or company receiving the shipment.

注释：arriving passenger: 到港旅客 go through customs 办理海关手续release: 释放，放松

中文意思：差不多所有国家，入境货物在放货给收货人——接受货物的个人后者公司之前，同到港旅客一样，都必须办理海关手续。

英文原文：Freight usually must be opened and inspected in the presence of the consignee or someone who represents hi m. This is one of the jobs that a customs broker can perform.

注释：in the presence of 在…在场的情况下 represent: 代表

中文意思：货物通常需要在收货人或其代表在场的情况下开箱检验。这一工作可以由海关代理来完成。

英文原文：In addition to air freight agents, many airlines also have air freight sales representatives – outside sa les personnel – whose duties are similar to those who work in the charter area. Besides developing new business, the s ales representatives may also deal regularly with special customers – probably shippers who frequently use air freight service.

注释：sales personnel: 销售人员 duty: 职责 develop new business: 开发新业务 regularly: 定期地

2010年国际货代英语辅导：航空货运(4)

加入收藏【大中小】 [ 2010-9-26 ]

中文意思：除了航空货运代理外，许多航空公司也配有空运销售代表——外部销售人员——他们的职责与包机业务的销售人员工作类似。除了开发新业务外，销售代表也会定期与一些特殊客户打交道——这些客户很可能是经常使用空运发货的托运人。

英文原文：We have given only a very brief summary of the duties of an air freight agent. As we have said, the entire business of shipping freight is a complicated one. In addition to the routine of arranging for pickup and delivery, bo oking the shipments on flights, and filling out air waybills, a freight agent is also involved in such problems as trac ing lost or strayed shipments and dealing with claims on damaged shipments.

注释：brief summary: 简洁的概括，小结 entire: 整个的，全部的 fill out: 填写 trace: 追踪，跟踪 stray: 迷路，入歧途 (在这里指“货物的丢失或错运)

中文意思：我们仅对航空货运代理的职责做了个非常简短的总结。正如我们所说，整个航运业是一个复杂的产业。除了安排提货交货、预定运货航班以及填写航空货运单等日常工作外，货运代理还要涉及如查寻丢失或错运的货物，处理赔偿损坏货物的要求等问题。

英文原文：He must also be acquainted with the special services that an airline offers, such as containerized service, in which the airline provides the shipper with special containers.

注释：be acquainted with: 熟悉，了解

中文意思：航空货运代理还要熟悉航空公司提供的特别服务，如集装箱服务中，航空公司提供给托运人特殊集装箱。

英文原文：The prospective freight agent will receive even more intensive training from his airline than the reservat ions and ticket agents. He must offer the customers the best and speediest service that is available.

注释：prospective: 将来的，未来的 intensive training: 集中训练，高强度训练 ticket agent: 票务员 speediest: 最快的

中文意思：未来的货运代理将受到其航空公司比预定员和票务员更高强度集中的训练。他必须为顾客提供可能提供的最好最快捷的服务。

英文原文：Air freight, like chartering, will probably make a large share of the total airline business in the future. The airline generally make a larger profit carrying freight than they do carrying passengers, a fact which guarantees the growth of air freight services.

注释：share: 份额，比重 guarantee: 保证 growth: 成长，发展

中文意思：像包机业务一样，航空货运将来可能会在航空公司的总业务中占有更大的份额。航空公司将会从运载货物中得到比运载旅客更大的收益，这一事实保证了航空货运服务的发展。

2010年国际货代英语辅导：航空货运(5)

加入收藏【大中小】 [ 2010-9-27 ]

四、常用短语、名词

Air freight 航空货运

Make a connection 中转

Government regulations 政府管制

Freight shipment 货运

Travel agency 旅行社Government office 政府机构Shipping clerk 运务员Reservation agent 预定员

Air freight agent 航空货运代理Air waybill 航空货运运单Baggage compartment 行李舱Shipping point 装运地Passenger fare 客运费

Special rate 特殊运费率

Pay in advance/prepay 预付Credit card 信用卡

Payment on delivery 交货后付款General public 公众，群众Personal effect 私人用品Shipping business 航运业Customs broker 海关代理Arriving passenger 到港旅客Sales personnel 销售人员Ticket agent 票务员