专八听力预测试题二解读

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专八听力预测试题二.

星期2 Tuesday预测试题二预测试题Section A Mini-LectureIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is(are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your noteswhile completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Group discussion skillsI. Importance of group discussion skillsA. Useful for everyday life, from (1)__________ to more serious discussions.B. For job interviews and selection procedures.C. For extended speaking and listening practice.II. Types of discussionsA. Making decisions.B. Sharing opinions on a given topic.C. (2)__________.D. Solving a problem.III. Useful sub-skills for students and how to develop them.A. To analyse.1. Give each student a different topic and ask them to put down all thesub-topics.2. Ask them to swap their notes and analyse the (3)__________ ofeach sub-topics.3. Let them together draw up a new list and discuss the relevance of thesub-topics. (1)_______(2)______(3) ______(4) ______(5) ______(6)______(7) ______(8) ______(9) ______(10) ______B. To persuade (eg. which candidate should get a job).1. Students create a list of 7 adjectives to describe (4)__________.2. Re-group and persuade the other group members that their selectionis the best.3. Make a second list out of (5)__________ and find who retain themost from their original lists.C. To control emotions.1. Ask students to give opinions on(6)__________.2. Make notes on their main arguments.D. To support.1. Get students to make a list of when it is and isn’t appropriate tointerrupt.2. Give them phrases used to (7)__________. Practice using them ingroup discussions.E. To use functional language.IV. How teachers set up group discussionsA. Give some planning time to the students.B. Get interesting topics, maybe from (8)_________.C. Ensure a balance between input and practice.D. Vary the styles.E. Use a variety of (9)__________.F. Encourage group discussions outside of class.G. Give and encourage feedback.H. Try (10)__________ and analyze them.I. Monitor the groups and make notes for feedback on the performances.Section B InterviewIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following is CORRECT?[A] The man is to advertise for his new book.[B] The man specializes in communication.[C] His talk is about communication techniques.[D] His talk is actually an autobiography.2. The man did all the following EXCEPT ______ to better his presentation performance.[A] consulting some relevant books[B] communicating with good speakers[C] observing the preparation of good speakers[D] doing performance comparison with good speakers3. The man recommends the method of ______ to give a better presentation.[A] practicing it before colleagues[B] recording practice presentation rather than using colleagues[C] asking colleagues to examine the recorded practice presentation[D] learning from other real presentation videos4. Which of the following is NOT what speakers tend to worry about when making a presentation?[A] Too much nervousness.[B] Rude audience.[C] Self diffidence.[D] Equipment failure.5. In the man’s view, the way of really overcoming nervousness is[A] preparing well.[B] relaxing face muscles.[C] concentrating on your recent enjoyments.[D] doing breathing exercises.Section C News BroadcastIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Question 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6. Which of the following in INCORRECT about the summit on Nuclear Security?[A] It is the biggest international meeting since 1945.[B] More than 50 countries have attended it.[C] It is hosted by the US and called by President Obama.[D] Ukraine has attended the summit.7. The content of the summit is[A] securing stocks of fissile material.[B] highly enriched uranium.[C] plutonium.[D] material terrorists use to build nuclear bombs.Question 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.8. What is the news mainly talking about?[A] A broken well leading to large oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.[B] The high cost of tackling oil spill.[C] Large number of people and boats being sent to help with the oil spill.[D] The high compensation claims the oil company is facing.9. The initially calculated figure of everyday cost is[A] $33m.[B] more than $33m.[C] more than $6.6m.[D] less than $6.6m.Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.10. Which of the following is NOT true about the explosion?[A] It could be heard from more than 8 km away.[B] It caused a woman injured.[C] The bomb was placed next to the wall housing women prisoners.[D] It exploded 20 minutes after the warning was received.答疑解惑Section A Mini-Lecture【听力原文】Hello, everyone! Today’s lecture is about group discussion skills. The first thing I have to explain is why to talk about group discussion skills.Developing group discussion skills is useful for everyday life, as we regularly find ourselves having discussions amongst friends, family and colleagues. These may vary from very informal chats about day-to-day things, to more serious topics, for example a discussion about a recent news story or a problem that needs to be solved. Two more things:【答案解析】1. very informal chats【解析】本篇演讲的主题是group discussion skills，演讲者开门见山，指出第一个要说明的问题就是谈论这个话题的理由。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷285(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷285(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now let’s take a look at the first approach, that is, meaning is【T1】______. Does a work of literature mean what the author intended to mean? And if so, how can we tell? If all the evidence we have is the text itself and nothing else, we can only 【T2】______ what ideas the author had according to our understanding of literature and the world. In order to have a better idea of what one particular author means in one of his works, I’d suggest that you do the following. First, go to the library and 【T3】______ by the same author. Second, get to know something about【T4】______ seemed to be common in literary works in that particular tradition and at that time. In other words, we need to find out【T5】______ were in those days. And last, get to know what were【T6】______ and symbols of the time. I guess you can understand the author’s meaning much more clearly after you do the related background research.1．【T1】正确答案：what is intended by the author 涉及知识点：听力填空2．【T2】正确答案：guess 涉及知识点：听力填空3．【T3】正确答案：read other works 涉及知识点：听力填空4．【T4】正确答案：what sort of meanings 涉及知识点：听力填空5．【T5】正确答案：what the literary trends 涉及知识点：听力填空6．【T6】正确答案：the cultural values 涉及知识点：听力填空The term “American dream”is widely used today. But what exactly does this concept mean? The term “American dream” began to be widely used【T1】______. The term was used in a famous novel written by Horatio Alger. The novel, Ragged Dick, was a “【T2】______” story about a little boy who was orphaned and lived in New York. The boy saved all his pennies, worked very hard, and eventually became rich. The novel sent the message to the American public that anyone could【T3】______in America if they were honest, worked hard, and showed 【T4】______. No matter what your background, no matter where you were from, no matter if you had no money or no family, hard work and perseverance would always lead to success. Today, the message from Alger’s novel is still a prevalent one in this country. It is still used to 【T5】______. A very basic definition of the American dream is that it is the hope of the American people to have a better quality of life and【T6】______ than their parents. This can mean that each generation hopes for better jobs, or more financial security, or ownership of land or a home. However, ...7．【T1】正确答案：in 1867 涉及知识点：听力填空8．【T2】正确答案：rags to riches 涉及知识点：听力填空9．【T3】正确答案：succeed 涉及知识点：听力填空10．【T4】正确答案：determination to succeed 涉及知识点：听力填空11．【T5】正确答案：define the American dream 涉及知识点：听力填空12．【T6】正确答案：a higher standard of living 涉及知识点：听力填空At school and at work, I have noticed that people have different kinds of work habits. Some people are collaborators, who like to work【T1】______. They find that doing a project with someone else makes the job more pleasant and the load lighter. Collaborators【T2】______ unless they are forced to. A second category I have noticed is the advice seeker. An advice seeker does the bulk of her work alone, but 【T3】______ for advice. When this worker has reached a crucial point in her project, she may show it to her classmate or co-worker just to get another opinion. Getting the advice of others makes this worker【T4】______ about her project as it takes shape. Another type of worker I have noticed is the slacker. A slacker tries to 【T5】______ whenever possible. If he seems to be busy at the computer, he is probably playing a game online. And if he is writing busily, he is probably making his grocery list. Slackers will do anything except the work they are paid to do. The final type of worker is the loner. This type of worker prefers working alone. This type of worker has confidence in his ability and is likely to feel that collaboration is【T6】______. Loners work with others only when they are forced to. Collaborators, advice seekers, slackers and loners have different work styles. But each knows the work habits that help him or her to get the job done.13．【T1】正确答案：in groups 涉及知识点：听力填空14．【T2】正确答案：never work alone 涉及知识点：听力填空15．【T3】正确答案：frequently looks to others 涉及知识点：听力填空16．【T4】正确答案：feel secure 涉及知识点：听力填空17．【T5】正确答案：avoid work 涉及知识点：听力填空18．【T6】正确答案：a waste of time 涉及知识点：听力填空An ancient Greek philosopher once wrote that laughter is what makes us human—that it defines us as【T1】______. Much more recent developments in biology and【T2】______ suggest that not only humans but also【T3】______ laugh: nonetheless, laughter is one of the most important aspects of human social life and 【T4】______. Laughter starts very soon after【T5】______ —almost as soon as crying—and it serves many different【T6】______ functions, from sharing our joy to intimidating and insulting other people. In many parts of the world, making other people laugh is considered a great gift, and【T7】______ has always been a vital part of culture and art—perhaps precisely because of the complex, significant role of laughter in everyday life.19．【T1】正确答案：a species 涉及知识点：听力填空20．【T2】正确答案：behavioral science 涉及知识点：听力填空21．【T3】正确答案：rats and dolphins 涉及知识点：听力填空22．【T4】正确答案：self-expression 涉及知识点：听力填空23．【T5】正确答案：an infant is born 涉及知识点：听力填空24．【T6】正确答案：social and psychological 涉及知识点：听力填空25．【T7】正确答案：comedy 涉及知识点：听力填空。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷202(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷202(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Five Virtues of StyleGood morning, everyone. Welcome back to our series on Classical Rhetoric. Today we’re continuing our five-part segment on the Five Canons of Rhetoric. So far we’ve covered the canons of invention and arrangement Today we’re discussing the canon of style, particularly on the five virtues of style.Let’s begin with the first virtue, correctness. Correctness means speaking or writing in accordance with the rules and norms of one’s language.[1]An effective communicator uses words correctly and follows the rules of grammar and syntax. Why?[2]First, correct usage ensures clear and precise communication.[3]And second, correctly using language establishes credibility with an audience because it indicates the speaker or writer is well-educated, understands the nuances of language, and pays attention to details. When someone catches language mistakes in a speech or piece of text, the thought often arises, “If the author can’t even follow the basic rules of grammar or even take the time and effort to review them, why should I trust what he has to say?” When you’re attempting to persuade others, try to avoid anything that would distract your audience from your argument. Don’t give them a reason to discredit you by being lazy with correct grammar and usage.[4]Coming up is the second virtue, clarity. It’s hard to be persuasive when people can’t even understand what you’re trying to say. Clear and simple writing ensures that your message never gets lost between you and your audience. Remember: smart writing is simple writing.Clear and simple writing is actually quite difficult to do. It requires you to think hard about your topic, get at its core, and then put that core in terms that your audience can understand. Here are a few tips on writing and speaking with greater clarity.Firstly, write or speak something an 8th grader can understand. If an 8th grader can understand your speech or article, then chances are an adult of average education can too. Practice this by taking complex legal/ethical issues or scientific theories and writing a short blurb that could be put in an 8th grade textbook.Secondly,[5]use strong verbs. Avoid is, are, was, were, be, being, been. So instead of saying “Diane was killed by Jim,” say “Jim killed Diane.” It’s shorter, clearer, and punchier. Whenever I edit my writing, I always do a ctrl+f for those verbs and see if I can replace them with stronger verbs. Although sometimes you can’t do so without the sentence soundingworse than before.Thirdly,[6]keep average sentence length to about 20 words. Sentence length is one of the biggest factors in determining how easy it is to understand what you’re saying or writing. Ideas can get lost in super long sentences. While you should avoid really long sentences as much as possible, you don’t want all your sentences to be just five words each either. That makes your writing and speaking sound choppy and rushed. Shoot for an average of about 20 words a sentence. And mix sentences of varying lengths together.The third virtue of style is evidence. We’re not using “evidence”in the sense of facts you provide to prove a logical argument. For classical rhetoricians, the quality of evidence was a way to[7]measure how well language reached the e-motions of an audience through vivid description. Remember that most people are persuaded more by emotion than by logic.[8]One of the best ways to elicit an emotional response from people is to appeal to their physical senses by using vivid descriptions. For example, let’s say you’re making the case to your state legislator that your state needs to devote more funds towards fighting childhood hunger.[9]Instead of starting your speech or letter by spouting off a bunch of dry facts, it would be more persuasive to tell a story of a specific child who’s a victim of hunger. In your story, describe the conditions this child is living in—the smells, the sights, the sounds. Describe the pangs of hunger that gnaw on his stomach every night while he lies crying softly, curled in ball on a urine-soaked mattress. Who wouldn’t want to help this kid? That’s the quality of evidence in action.[10]Now let’s turn to the fourth virtue of style, propriety.[11]Propriety is the quality of style concerned with selecting words that fit with the subject matter of your speech and ensuring they’re appropriate for your audience and for the occasion. Simply put, propriety means saying the right thing, at the right place, at the right time. A common rhetorical event where you see the quality of propriety flagrantly violated is the best man speech at a wedding. I can’t count how many of these speeches I’ve witnessed where the best man says some thing that makes everyone in the room cringe. You’d think it’d be common sense, but a wedding toast in front of a groom’s new wife and her family isn’t an appropriate place to talk about the groom’s past relationships or a night of drunken debauchery you had with him back in your college days. You might think it’s funny, but a wedding reception isn’t the place for that sort of humour. It’d be fine at a roast, but not a toast.The last one to be mentioned is ornateness.[12]Ornate-ness involves making your speech or text interesting to listen to or read by using figures of speech and[13]manipulating the sound and rhythm of words. Classical rhetoricians focused on incorporating different figures of speech to decorate their speeches. Here are a few that I particularly enjoy using.[14]The first one is Antanaclasis. It means repetition of a word in two different senses. For example: “If we don’t hang together, we’ll hang separately.”Benjamin Franklin said.The second one is simile. It is an explicit comparison, often employing “like” or “as.” John Steinbeck in his book The Grapes of Wrath wrote: “The full green hills are round and soft as breasts.”[15]Finally, metaphor. It means a comparison made by e-quating one thing with another, showing that two unlike things have something in common. Our most familiar example might be this sentence: “A mighty fortress is our God.”OK I have outlined the five virtues of style for you. Rememberthe correctness, clarity, evidence, propriety and ornateness of the style. When you write a speech or produce a text, remember to follow these five virtues.Five Virtues of StyleI. Correctness—Follow correct usage of words, grammar and【T1】_____ rules【T1】______—Reasonsa)Ensure【T2】_____ communication 【T2】______b)Make your speech or writing【T3】_____to an audience【T3】______II.【T4】_____【T4】______—Message will not get lost due to clear and simple writing —Tips on simple writinga)Write something an 8th grader can understandb)Use【T5】_____verbs【T5】______c)Keep average sentence length to about【T6】_____ words 【T6】______III. Evidence—Purpose: to measure how well language materializesthe 【T7】_____ appeal to an audience【T7】______—Using【T8】______【T8】______Example: to ask for more funds to fight childhood hunger Avoid【T9】_____ at the beginning【T9】______ Tell a story about a child victimized by hungerIV.【T10】_____【T10】______—Quality of style concerned witha)choice of 【T11】_____【T11】______b)audiencec)occasion—Example: best man speech at a weddingV. Ornateness—Make the text【T12】_____ by use of【T12】______a)figures of speech andb)manipulation of【T13】_____ and rhythm of words【T13】______—Speaker’s favourite choice:a)Antanaclasis: repetition of a word in【T14】_____【T14】______b)Simile: explicit comparisonc)【T15】_____: linking two unlike things 【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：syntax解析：本题考查准确性需要遵循的规则。

专业英语八级-听力理解(二)

专业英语八级-听力理解(二)(总分：57.98，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Exercise One{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00){{B}}SECTION A MINI-LECTURE{{/B}}In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now listen to the mini-lecture.What is a port city?As a center of land-sea exchange, a major source of livelihood, a major force for cultural{{U}} (1) {{/U}}, the port cities have many different points with other kinds of cities:Ⅰ. Port and harbour1) Harbour is a physical concept, a {{U}}(2) {{/U}} for ships;2) Port is an economic concept, a center of {{U}}(3) {{/U}}.Ⅱ. Port cities and non-port citiesMany of the world's biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Istanbul, Buenos Aires, Tokyo, Jakarta, Calcutta, Philadelphia and {{U}}(4) {{/U}} began as ports.Ⅲ. Port functionsThe most important functions of port are making a city {{U}}(5) {{/U}} . In it races, cultures, {{U}}(6) {{/U}}, as well as goods from a variety of places, jostle, mix and enrich each other and the life of the city.Ⅳ. Transformed sea portSea ports have been transformed by the advent of powered vessels so many formerly important ports have become economically and physically {{U}}(7) {{/U}} as a result.Ⅴ. Basic function of the port cities{{U}} (8) {{/U}} the city is port cities' basic function. For example, Shanghai, did most of its trade with other Chinese ports and inland cities. Calcutta traded mainly with other parts of India and so on.Ⅵ. Other activitiesNo city can be simply a port but must be involved in a variety of other activities, and a city may still be regarded as a port city when it becomes involved in a great range of functions not immediately involved with ships {{U}}(9) {{/U}}.Ⅶ. The location of the chief commercial and administrative ce nter in port citiesCities which began as ports retain the chief commercial and administrative center of the city close to {{U}}(10) {{/U}}.{{B}}SECTION A MINI-LECTURE{{/B}}In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now listen to the mini-lecture.What is a port city?As a center of land-sea exchange, a major source of livelihood, a major force for cultural{{U}} (1) {{/U}}, the port cities have many different points with other kinds of cities:Ⅰ. Port and harbour1) Harbour is a physical concept, a {{U}}(2) {{/U}} for ships;2) Port is an economic concept, a center of {{U}}(3) {{/U}}.Ⅱ. Port cities and non-port citiesMany of the world's biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Istanbul, Buenos Aires, Tokyo, Jakarta, Calcutta, Philadelphia and {{U}}(4) {{/U}} began as ports.Ⅲ. Port functionsThe most important functions of port are making a city {{U}}(5) {{/U}} . In it races, cultures, {{U}}(6) {{/U}}, as well as goods from a variety of places, jostle, mix and enrich each other and the life of the city.Ⅳ. Transformed sea portSea ports have been transformed by the advent of powered vessels so many formerly important ports have become economically and physically {{U}}(7) {{/U}} as a result.Ⅴ. Basic function of the port cities{{U}} (8) {{/U}} the city is port cities' basic function. For example, Shanghai, did most of its trade with other Chinese ports and inland cities. Calcutta traded mainly with other parts of India and so on.Ⅵ. Other activitiesNo city can be simply a port but must be involved in a variety of other activities, and a city may still be regarded as a port city when it becomes involved in a great range of functions not immediately involved with ships {{U}}(9) {{/U}}.Ⅶ. The location of the chief comme rcial and administrative center in port citiesCities which began as ports retain the chief commercial and administrative center of the city close to {{U}}(10) {{/U}}.（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：mixing）解析：[听力原文]What is a port city?Hello, everyone. In today's lecture I'd like to talk something about the port city. Just as we all know, the port city provides a fascinating and rich understanding of the movement of people and goods around the world. We understand a port as a center of land-sea exchange, and as a major source of livelihood and a major force for cultural mixing. But do ports all produce a range of common urban characteristics which justify classifying port cities together under a single generic label? Do they have enough in common to warrant distinguishing them from other kinds cities. The following are some points about that:First of all, a port must be distinguished from a harbour. They are two very different things. Most ports have poor harbours, and many fine harbours see few ships. Harbour is a physical concept, a shelter for ships; port is an economic concept, a center of land-sea exchange which requires good access to a hinterland even more than a sea-linked foreland. It is handward access, which is productive of goods for export and which demands imports, that is critical. Poor harbours can be improved with breakwaters and dredging if there is a demand for a port. Madras and Colombo are examples of harbours expensively improved by enlarging, dredging and building breakwaters.Port cities become industrial, financial and service centers and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which arises there and later draws to it railways, highways and air routes. Water transport means cheap access, the chief basis of all port cities. Many of the world's biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Istanbul, Buenos Aires, Tokyo, Jakarta, Calcutta, Philadelphia and San Francisco began as ports--that is, with land-sea exchange as their major function--but they have since grown disproportionately in other respects so that their port functions are no longer dominant. They remain different kinds of places from non-port cities and their port functions account for that difference.Port functions, more than anything else, make a city cosmopolitan. A port city is open to the world. In it races, cultures, and idea, as will as goods from a variety of places, jostle, mix and enrich each other and the life of the city. The smell of the sea and the harbour, the sound of boat whistles or the moving tides are symbols of their multiple links with a wide world, samples of which are present in microcosm within their own urban areas.Sea ports have been transformed by the advent of powered vessels, whose size and draught have increased. Many formerly important ports have become economically and physically less accessible as a result. By-passed by most of their former enriching flow of exchange, they have become cultural and economic backwaters or have acquired the character of museums of the past. Examples of these are Charleston, Salem, Bristol, Plymouth, Surat, Galle, Melaka, Suzhou chow, and a long list of earlier prominent port cities in Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America.Much domestic port trade has not been recorded. What evidence we have suggests that domestic trade was greater at all periods than external trade. Shanghai, for example, did most of its trade with other Chinese ports and inland cities. Calcutta traded mainly with other parts of India and so on. Most of any city's population is engaged in providing goods and services for the city itself. Trade outside the city is its basic function. But each basic worker requires food, housing, clothing and other such services. Estimates of the ratio of basic to service workers range from 1:4 to 1:8.No city can be simply a port but must be involved in a variety of other activities. The port function of the city draws to it raw materials and distributes them in many other forms. Ports take advantage of the need for breaking up the bulk material where water and land transport meet and where loading and unloading costs can be minimized by refining raw materials or turning them into finished goods. The major examples here are oil refining and ore refining, which are commonly located at ports. It is not easy to draw a line around what is and is not a port function. All ports handle, unload, sort, alter, process, repack, and reship most of what they receive. A city may still be regarded as a port city when it becomes involved in a great range of functions not immediately involved with ships or docks.Cities which began as ports retain the chief commercial and administrative center of the city close to the waterfront. The center of New York is in lower Manhattan between two river mouths, the City of London is on the Thames, Shanghai along the Bund. This proximity to water is also tree of Boston, Philadelphia, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Singapore, Bangkok, Hong Kong and Yokohama, where the commercial, financial, and administrative centers are still grouped around their harbours even though each city has expanded into a metropolis. Even a casual visitor cannot mistake them as anything but port cities.填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：shelter）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：land-sea exchange）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：San Francisco）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：cosmopolitan）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：and idea）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：less accessible）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：or docks）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：or docks）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：the waterfront）解析：二、{{B}}SECTION B INTERVIEW{{/B}}(总题数：3，分数：9.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：4.98）(1).When an employee joins a union, according to Jim Thayer, the employee ______.（分数：0.83）A.becomes more independentB.becomes his or her own bargaining agentC.becomes a captive √D.becomes worried about having bargaining agents解析：[听力原文] Thayer: Well, I think that.., probably, the.., uh... speaking of it from an employer's standpoint, the easiest thing for an employer to do would be to join a union. Now this might seem? Interviewer: From an employer's.., uh... Thayer: From an employer's standpoint. The reason is that you have the security of never having to worry about having employees. Uh... you'd be meeting a? Interviewer: Uh-huh? Thayer: ... a certain criteria because the unions set the criteria for the people that work-their salaries, their fringe benefits, and so on. Interviewer: And you...you probably have one outfit to deal with, rather that... Thayer: That's correct. So you -- from the employee standpoint, of course, you have the problem that the employee is...is captive to a set of criteria... Interviewer: Uh-huh. Thayer: ... and his freedom is greatly reduced because of the fact that...that his bargaining agent is someone else-- it's not himself. Interviewer: He's no longer in an individual-to-employer situation... Thayer: That is correct. Interviewer: Is it a trade-off...uh...to a certain extent? I mean, uh... Thayer: Well, my feeling is...one of the nice things about working for a small business which is non-union, you have a higher degree of freedom. And that it's much easier from the employee's standpoint...uh...to be able to negotiate one-to-one, than to work through a shop steward, or...or a union agent that tells you what you're going to do... Interviewer: Uh-huh... Thayer: And so,...uh...that's one of the great advantages of a small business--because most of them are non-union, and they have survived in the country... Interviewer: ...and...and it's those people that are really independent that have made this country too. But when you become a captive to any big organization--whether it's a corporation, a union or a government--you just absolutely lose your freedom. Interviewer: What are some of the factors that...uh...you feel, on this one-to-one kind of basis, lead toemployee satisfaction? Uh... Thayer: Well, the main...the main thing, I think, is being identified in...in an organization that...that you are important. And...uh...uh...eachindividual...uh...uh...in a company of-- like...like, I go through uh...every so ...often ... and.just jot what everybody's doing, and make sure that I've got them placed properly. It's a very informal method, but just Interviewer: So, you know what everybody's doing ... Thayer: That's right. Interviewer: In part, what you seem to be saying is that ... uh ... a lot of the job satisfaction has to do with ... uh ... recognition ... uh ... Thayer: Right. And ? and the leadership in the company. Interviewer: Uh-hm ... Thayer: I mean, people have to be proud of that particular company, or they just won't stick around. Interviewer: Loyalty or identification with the purposed of... Thayer: You-- it goes both ways. And...and one of the biggest struggles is to make sure that...that you are aware of all the problems--individual problems--that people are having, and sit down with them. Like, I sat down with one lady this morning whose husband may have to have open-heart surgery. And i spent maybe ten minutes or fifteen minutes with her discussing the options and...uh....the problems. And...uh and...uh...this is her...this is her major problem right now. So... Interviewer: Her main concern, and that, essentially, is a personal kind of problem... Thayer: That's right... Interviewer: ...and yet you... Thayer: But you can do that in a small company! Interviewer: There is this traditional image around the world--the typical success story in America. Is that success...uh...that image...uh...still as true today as it was. Let's say, twenty or thirty years ago? Thayer: I think, probably, more so--because it's more selective in ... in ... in people's imagination in order to succeed. You really have to--even in a small business, you have to have a broader base, a more liberal arts education, I think, to understand, and then roll with it. And I think that most cases in thismaterialistic-type-activity economy, that we're always worrying about how much we are going to make--and basically, you are going to come out all right if you worry on what services you are providing.(2).Jim Thayer believes that when you work for a small business which is non-union, you ______.（分数：0.83）A.find that your freedom is greatly reducedB.have a higher degree of freedom √C.lose your freedomD.become more dependent解析：(3).According to Jim Thayer, you absolutely lose your freedom ______.（分数：0.83）A.when you go to work for a small business that is non-unionB.when you are able to negotiate one-to-oneC.when you become a captive to any big organization √D.when you become a captive to any small business解析：(4).According to Jim Thayer, the main thing that leads to employee satisfaction is ______.（分数：0.83）A.having a good salary and numerous fringes benefitsB.the feeling of being important in an organization √C.having the opportunity to discuss personal problems with the president of the organizationD.understanding this materialistic economy and rolling with it解析：(5).Jim Thayer believes that people in business should worry more about what services they are providing and less about ______.（分数：0.83）A.whether their employees are satisfied or notB.what kind of problems their employees haveC.how much they are going to make √D.what kind of difficulties they have in their work解析：__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the News.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the News.（分数：2.00）(1).What do Americans mainly do on Internet?（分数：1.00）A.Purchase new products.B.Watch movies.C.Personal communication and research. √D.To interpret other people's information.解析：[听力原文] 7-8 Host: In New York today, a prestigious business research group announced the results of the first ever Consumer Internet Barometer, a survey that assesses what Americans do online. Since the Internet came into the mainstream, the number of people accessing it has grown exponentially. Today, nearly 150 million people use it in the United States alone. But what are all of these people doing in cyber-space? Lynn Franco of the Conference Board, the New York-based center for business research that carried out the survey, says the first report yields a clear answer. Voice: The main driver to the Intemet really is personal communication and personal research. Those are the top two reasons why people use the Internet. Host: Ms. Franco says that much of the research people do leads to online purchases, which continue to increase. More consumers than ever are shopping on the information highway--but, she says, not without reservations. Voice: Almost two thirds of all consumers have been online, and you know that only a third have never gone online. And that while we see an increase in the level of satisfaction now among users, trust is really a hovering at a low rate, and still remains an issue. Host: Online consumers remain concerned that their transactions and personal information might be intercepted by a malicious third party. Still, Ms. Franco says, the percentage of consumers spending more than $250 online per quarter is up three percent from last year. The Consumer Internet Barometer is based on a survey of 10,000 U.S. households, and will be published quarterly.(2).According to the report, what is the main concern of the online consumers?（分数：1.00）rmation security. √B.Price of the product.C.If they can buy the right product.D.If the transaction can be settled quickly.解析：Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the News.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the News.（分数：2.00）(1).Rabbi Michael Strassfeld says that one should be grateful ______.（分数：1.00）A.when everything goes smoothlyB.when the sun stands stillC.for people's appreciationD.for everyday aspects of life √解析：[听力原文] 9-10 Host: Every language has a phrase for "thank yous"--sentiment children everywhere are encouraged by their parents to express easily and often. Every religion has a special way to say "thank yous" brachot. In addition to "thank you" blessings gives thanks for the smooth functioning of the human body. Michael Strassfeld is the rabbi of the Society for the Advancement of Judaism in New York and the author of recently A book of Life: Embracing Judaism as A Spiritual Practice. Voice: Being Grateful I think makes us aware or reminds us of the blessings of our lives. It reflects a sense of how important it is to go through life and go through every day really appreciating the miracles of every day. And I don't think it's about making the sun stand still as it were or dividing the Red Sea, but really just the everyday aspects of life, for nature and beauty and relationships. All those things we enjoy every day, but often we forget about. Host: Rabbi Strassfeld says that traditional Jews also thank God at painful moments. When one hears of a death, for example, one blesses God as "the true Judge". Voice: And it's a way of expressing an acknowledgment that death is also part of life. It doesn't mean that death is a blessing or that that person is better off, but it just really understands that everything in life is part of life, and that everything from a traditional viewpoint is created by God. So all of life is part of that. Blessing and gratitude allows you to emphasize or to focus more on the good things and to put the difficult things in the broader perspective.(2).When a traditional Jew blesses God as "the true Judge" at hearing someone's death, he ______.（分数：1.00）A.is acknowledging that death is part of life √B.is happy that his enemy finally diedC.thinks that death is a blessingD.God is good to that person解析：三、{{B}}Exercise Two{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00){{B}}SECTION A MINI-LECTURE{{/B}}In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now listen to the mini-lecture.The Commercialisation of Science and TechnologyScience and technology and the role of commercialisation in that area are very interesting question. And it's an issue which is going to be increasingly important, world wide.Ⅰ. an overview of the relationship between science & t echnology and research development &innovation:1) Science--which is done to {{U}}(1) {{/U}} new basic knowledge.Generally, that's done in the universities, the government- funded {{U}}(2) {{/U}} and larger international companies.2) Technology--to do with the {{U}}(3) {{/U}} of science.It turns scientific discoveries into a useful product, or a useful service.3) Research, development and innovation are {{U}}(4) {{/U}} :A. Research--closely related to basic sciences.B. Development-- the process of taking the {{U}}(5) {{/U}} scientific idea or item and running it through to the development of products and services.C. Innovation--putting the {{U}}(6) {{/U}} into the market place.Ⅱ. problems in commercialisation of technology:1) The first one--not getting enough funding to develop scientific ideas into useful products and services;2) Another one--only 1/10 ideas taken to the final {{U}}(7) {{/U}}3) The third one--Most people cannot guarantee a {{U}}(8) {{/U}} return on their investment. Ⅲ. companies and {{U}}(9) {{/U}} ideas:1) Because of various reasons, the technology would likely become outmoded;2) Some companies {{U}}(10) {{/U}} other specialized individuals or organisations to do research on their behalf;3) Governments need to encourage and facilitate the interaction of the domestic firms with overseas companies.{{B}}SECTION A MINI-LECTURE{{/B}}In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now listen to the mini-lecture.The Commercialisation of Science and TechnologyScience and technology and the role of commercialisation in that area are very interesting question. And it's an issue which is going to be increasingly important, world wide.Ⅰ. an overview of the relationship between science & technology and research develo pment & innovation:1) Science--which is done to {{U}}(1) {{/U}} new basic knowledge.Generally, that's done in the universities, the government- funded {{U}}(2) {{/U}} and larger international companies.2) Technology--to do with the {{U}}(3) {{/U}} of science.It turns scientific discoveries into a useful product, or a useful service.3) Research, development and innovation are {{U}}(4) {{/U}} :A. Research--closely related to basic sciences.B. Development-- the process of taking the {{U}}(5) {{/U}} scientific idea or item and running it through to the development of products and services.C. Innovation--putting the {{U}}(6) {{/U}} into the market place.Ⅱ. problems in commercialisation of technology:1) The first one--not getting enough funding to develop scientific ideas into useful products and services;2) Another one--only 1/10 ideas taken to the final {{U}}(7) {{/U}}3) The third one--Most people cannot guarantee a {{U}}(8) {{/U}} return on their investment.Ⅲ. companies and {{U}}(9) {{/U}} ideas:1) Because of various reasons, the technology would likely become outmoded;2) Some companies {{U}}(10) {{/U}} other specialized individuals or organisations to do research on their behalf;3) Governments need to encourage and facilitate the interaction of the domestic firms with overseas companies.（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：generate）解析：[听力原文]The Commercialisation of Science and TechnologyGood morning, everyone. I'd like to welcome you all to our series of lectures on "Excellence in Science" and I must say, judging by the numbers of you in the audience out there, this is the most popular lecture we have had all year! So rather than take up any more of your time, I'd like to introduce my own topic "The Commercialisation of Science and Technology" Science and technology and the role of commercialisation in that area are very interesting question. And it's an issue which is going to be increasingly important, world wide. Let me just begin by giving you an overview of the relationship between science and technology and research development and innovation. These are terms which people often use as if they mean the same thing. Essentially, science is that which is done to generate new basic knowledge, knowledge in areas where nobody has previously researched. Generally, that's done in the universities and the government funded research centers, of one sort or another. The larger international companies also do some of that, their own research I mean. Technology is really to do with the application of science.It turns scientific discoveries into a useful product, or a useful service. If ! may compare scientific and technology, I could say that science provides the fundamental knowledge that explains a phenomenon, whereas technology takes that understanding and transforms it into a useful thing. It's very much like a pendulum and a click. The pendulum is the part of a clock whose movement, back and forth, makes a clock work. The click is the useful product that has a function of telling the time. Therefore, science can be compared to that swinging motion within the clock and technology is the total object--the clock. That's the sort of difference you're looking at. Research, development and innovation are aligned, in that research is closely related to basic sciences. Development is the process of taking the basic scientific idea or item and running it through to the development of products and services, Innovation is really about putting that product and service into the market place. So innovation is about the creation of a new of ideas and products and a new set of ways of delivering them.Now in terms of commercialisation of technology, the most important thing nowadays is the difficulty that countries have with funding. That is, getting enough money with which to develop scientific ideas into useful products and services. It's very expensive. For every dollar you spend on basic research, it costs a company $10 in development and another $10 in marketing. Many companies today just cannot afford that.The other thing of course, is for every profitable research idea, there' an average of nine ideas that come to nothing. So, only one out often is taken to the final production stage. I'll stop here to answer a question asked by some people who would like to know what happens to all of those so-called "unsuccessful" ideas.Yes, it's a continuing problem. Most of them are, of course, lost forever. A dew may eventually reach the production stage through the persistent efforts of interested individuals but this。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷372(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷372(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：SuggestopediaGood morning, everyone. As a learner of foreign languages and a language teacher in the future, you might have tried many approaches to language learning and teaching but were finally depressed that none of them would make a difference. So in today’s lecture, we will introduce an excellent method called suggestopedia to help you learn and teach foreign languages. It is a teaching method developed by a Bulgarian psychotherapist, Georgi Lozanov, based on a modern understanding of how the human brain works and how we learn most effectively. The term “suggestopedia”, derived from suggestion and pedagogy, is often used loosely to refer to similar accelerated learning approaches. It is often claimed that it can teach languages approximately three times as quickly as conventional methods. The intended purpose of suggestopedia was to enhance learning by lowering the affective filter of learners. It is a system for liberation—liberation from the preliminary negative concept regarding the difficulties in the process of learning; liberation of previously suggested programs to restrict intelligence and spontaneous acquisition of knowledge, skills and habits. The method implements this by working not only on the conscious level of human mind but also on the subconscious level, the mind’s reserves. Since it works on the reserves in human mind and brain, which are said to have unlimited capacities, one can teach more than one method in the same amount of time. Some of the key elements of suggestopedia include a rich sensory learning environment, a positive expectation of success and the use of a varied range of And it adopts a carefully structured approach, using four main stages as follows. The first stage is Presentation. In this stage, students are helped to relax and move into a positive frame of mind, with the feeling that learning is going to be easy and fun. The second stage is called Active Concert. This involves the active presentation of the material to be learned. For example, in a foreign language course, there might be the dramatic reading of a piece of text accompanied by classical music. The third stage is Passive Review. In this section, the students are invited to relax and listen to some Baroque music, with the text being read very quietly in the background. The music is specially selected to bring the students into the optimum mental state for the effortless acquisition of the material. The last stage is Practice. A range of games and puzzleswill be used to review and consolidate the learning. Then what should be paid attention to? The first aspect is the music. The music should have slow tempo, regular patterns. V oices and instruments should not stand out against the orchestra, because they are likely to distract the students. Ideally, the orchestra must have a neutral color —that is why the best choice is string orchestras. That is to say, intonation and rhythm need to be coordinated with a musical background, which will help to induce a relaxed attitude. The second aspect is the teacher. The teacher in a suggestopedic course not only radiates effective suggestive stimulation, but also coordinates environmental suggestive stimulation in a positive way for students to learn. What should teachers do? Firstly, they should cover a huge bulk of learning materials in class. Secondly, they can structure the materials in the suggestopedic way, which means they have to put the materials in golden proportion. Thirdly, they should be highly prestigious, reliable and credible. Fourthly, they are also willing to establish good human relations in the class with students. Lastly, teachers usually act as authority and security in this learning method. They should be confident and trustable to their students and afford a cheerful classroom atmosphere. The third aspect that we should pay attention to is the activities. The activities consist of acting out portions of the text, singing specially prepared songs and playing games, telling stories, carrying on short conversations and psycho-dramas. Throughout this portion—Lozanov calls it elaboration—the teacher carefully structures the activities so that the language used in them by the students comes mainly from the present text. It is true that if we can use some of the suggestopedic methods in teaching a foreign language, it will greatly accelerate our students’progress. Certain elements of the approach can be taken and incorporated into the more comprehensive approach to language teaching widely in evidence today. The use of music both in the background and as a companion to certain activities can be motivating and relaxing. Creating conditions in which learners are alert and receptive has a positive effect on motivation. It is so significant that this method can be used with a remarkable mixture of students from different grades and courses. Now, to sum up, in today’s lecture, we have a general understanding of using suggestopedia in teaching a foreign language. There is no doubt that suggestopedia has raised some interesting questions and some of its techniques can be successfully used to achieve good results in the areas of both learning and memory. I hope it will do you good in the future. Thank you for your attention.Suggestopedia Introduction - basis: how【T1】______works and how we learn most effectively 【T1】______ - origin: 【T2】______and pedagogy 【T2】______ Features - 【T3】______ to enhance learning 【T3】______ - a system for liberation: —liberation from the preliminary【T4】______ 【T4】______ —liberation of previously suggested programs - working on the reserves in human mind and brain Key elements and four main stages - key elements: —a rich sensory learning environment —a positive expectation of success —the use of【T5】______ 【T5】______ - four main stages: —【T6】______ 【T6】______ —Active Concert —Passive Review —【T7】______ 【T7】______ Factors we should pay attention to - the music: —slow tempo,【T8】______ 【T8】______ —intonation and【T9】______should be coordinated with a musical background 【T9】______ - the teacher: —cover lots of learning materials in class —put the materials in【T10】______ 【T10】______ —be highly 【T11】______ , reliable and credible 【T11】______ —be willing to establish good relations with students —act as【T12】______and security 【T12】______ -【T13】______ : 【T13】______ —acting out the text, singing songs, 【T14】______, telling stories, carrying on 【T14】______ short conversations and psycho-dramas —the teacher structures them carefully Conclusions certain elements that can be used in the more comprehensive approach —use music both in the background and during activities —creat conditions in which learners are【T15】______and receptive 【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：the human brain 涉及知识点：听力2．【T2】正确答案：suggestion 涉及知识点：听力3．【T3】正确答案：the intended purpose 涉及知识点：听力4．【T4】正确答案：negative concept 涉及知识点：听力5．【T5】正确答案：various methods 涉及知识点：听力6．【T6】正确答案：Presentation 涉及知识点：听力7．【T7】正确答案：Practice 涉及知识点：听力8．【T8】正确答案：regular patterns 涉及知识点：听力9．【T9】正确答案：rhythm 涉及知识点：听力10．【T10】正确答案：golden proportion 涉及知识点：听力11．【T11】正确答案：prestigious 涉及知识点：听力12．【T12】正确答案：authority 涉及知识点：听力13．【T13】正确答案：the activities 涉及知识点：听力14．【T14】正确答案：playing games 涉及知识点：听力15．【T15】正确答案：alert 涉及知识点：听力SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.听力原文：M: The concept that you can earn a high salary without having a college degree may seem impossible, but according to one group, there are jobs out there where you can make six figures without higher education. CNBC’s personal finance correspondent Sharon Epperson is here with details. Good morning, Sharon.W: Good morning, Tamron.M: Obviously, we’re not saying not to pursue college if that is an option. W: Absolutely not. M: But in the real world that is not the case for anyone. So you have a list of jobs, but I would guess there are stipulations.W: There arestipulations. We talked of the pay scale, and they said these are the jobs where you could potentially make six figures—over $100,000—but you need to be a top performer. This is not some job you’re going to get right out of high school. You’re probably going to have to get some training.M: Highly trained, well skilled. Let’s start with a nuclear power reactor operator. That sounds like you have to be well trained.W: Definitely. You can get a median pay of $103,000 a year.M: Wow.W: But, up to $142,000 for the top 10% in that field. And you just need a high school diploma, strictly speaking. I talked to the nuclear regulatory committee and they say you need training, at least three years of service just at the power plant where you work. You need to go through an exam administered by the nuclear regulatory commission. They offer the operating licenses. And there is extensive training while you’re on the job to make sure you’re still up to speed on those skills.M: I would also imagine background checks for the job.W: Background checks, drug testing, alcohol testing, medical exams, and of course, again, getting your license every six years or so, making sure that you’re up to date.M: OK. On the list of jobs, we can also see specifically personal trainers in the health care industry. And I think of that as a luxury, but apparently, people pay up for it.W: Yes. People pay up but they get paid a lot more, and particularly for specialized training. The median pay is $51,000, but you could get up to $141,000 a year. Now, how is this possible? Again, you’re at the upper end of your field, but also, if you have a lot of specialized training. Some yoga instructors have to have training for at least two years to become certified, and some may even require more. It depends on the facility; it depends on the type of training that you’re doing. This is the end ofPart One of the interview.Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard.1. What is the topic of this interview?2. According to the interview, which of the following statements about the jobs on the list is CORRECT?3. What kind of diploma do you need to become a nuclear reactor operator?4. Which of the following is NOT required if you want to become a nuclear power reactor operator?5. According to the interview, what is personal trainers’ median pay?16．A．How to get a good job after graduating from college.B．The necessity of pursuing higher education.C．Suggestions for people who do not have a college degree.D．High-salary jobs that don’t require higher education.正确答案：D 涉及知识点：听力17．A．Not all of these jobs offer a salary over $100,000.B．People need to finish college to get these jobs.C．People can get these jobs as soon as they finish high school.D．These jobs require high training and great skills.正确答案：D 涉及知识点：听力18．A．A middle school diploma.B．A high school diploma.C．A college diploma.D．A postgraduate diploma.正确答案：B 涉及知识点：听力19．A．Background checks.B．Drug testing.C．Six-year work experience.D．Medical exams.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：听力20．A．$51,000.B．$103,000.C．141000D．142000正确答案：A 涉及知识点：听力听力原文：M: All right, this next one is an executive pastry chef that is tempting to me, even though I can’t cook. W: Yes.M: Wow! Is the salary gradually raised?W: Yeah, the salary can really escalate and the median pay there is probably the lowest on our list, $45,000 or so, but you can earn six figures at the top of your game, and here’s how you do it. You have to have three years’ experience as a pastry chef. You have to have had employees working under you for several years as well, according to the American Culinary Federation. And of course, you need to have worked in the field and have ongoing training. But it’s possible.M: So, this doesn’t mean you have to be a famous pastry chef. Is that what it boils down to?W: It doesn’t necessarily mean you have to be famous, but you’re probably working at a luxury hotel or restaurant and you’ve had at least 150 hours of training.M: OK. On the list as well, handyman in certain fields, six figures.W: Six figures is possible. Again, it varies widely. You could start at $53,000 or so. That’s the median salary, but up to $104,000. And if you’re an electrician, not necessarily a licensed electrician, but somebody who does home appliance work, we get a lot of the statistics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and they say that there is a potential if you don’t have a high school diploma, you can get the training.M: And last on the list, massage therapist.W: Now, this requires a postsecondary non-degree award, 500 hours or so of training and educational programming. It could be at a community college or a four-year institution as well. You don’t need an actual associate’s degree necessarily, but you do need extensivetraining. It varies by the location and the type of facility, but it’s possible.M: Well, these jobs all sound tempting for people who want to improve their standards of living.W: Yeah, tempting. I’m not saying that you shouldn’t go to college, but that you can consider other options out there.M: Yes, it depends. Thank you for your information, Sharon.W: Pleasure.This is the end of Part Two of the interview.Questions 6 to 10 are based on what you have just heard.6. Which job has the lowest median pay on the list of jobs?7. How many hours of training are needed to become an executive pastry chef?8. Which of the following statements about an electrician is CORRECT?9. Which of the following requirements for a massage therapist is mentioned in the interview?10. What is Sharon’s attitude towards education in college?21．A．A nuclear power reactor operator.B．A personal trainer.C．A handyman in certain fields.D．An executive pastry chef.正确答案：D 涉及知识点：听力22．A．45.B．120.C．150D．500正确答案：C 涉及知识点：听力23．A．An electrician can earn $104,000 a year.B．An electrician needn’t get a license.C．An electrician must have a high school diploma.D．An electrician must have rich experience.正确答案：B 涉及知识点：听力24．A．About 500 hours of training.B．An actual associate’s degree.C．A professional qualification certificate.D．A set of perfect facilities.正确答案：A 涉及知识点：听力25．A．It is necessary for getting a high salary.B．It is strongly recommended if you have the chance. C．It is not the only way leading to success.D．It is too expensive for many students.正确答案：C 涉及知识点：听力。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷262(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷262(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Chinese Americans Good morning. We’ll continue with our introduction to American minorities. Today’s focus is on Chinese Americans. For many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and laundries. People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations by prejudice and discrimination that used to face them in this country. The first group of Chinese came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. (1) Like most of the other people, they had come to search for gold. In that largely unoccupied land, they staked a claim for themselves by placing markers in the ground. However, (2) either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded in turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one, they became the scapegoats of their envious competitors. They were harassed in many ways. (3) Often they were prevented from working on their claims; some localities even passed regulations forbidding them to own claims. (4) Therefore, these Chinese had to seek out other ways of earning a living. Some of them began to do the laundry for the white miners; others set up small restaurants. Some others went to work as farmhands or as fishermen. In the early 1860s, a second group of Chinese arrived in California. (5) This time, they were imported as work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad. The work was so strenuous and dangerous, and it was carried on in such a remote part of the country that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job. As in the case of their predecessors, these Chinese were almost all males and they encountered a great deal of prejudice. (6) The hostility grew especially strong after the railroad project was completed, and the imported laborers returned to California, all out of work. Because there were so many more of them this time, these Chinese drew even more attention than the earlier group did. (7) They were so different in every aspect: in their physical appearance, in their language, and in their religion. They were contemptuously called “heathen Chinese”. When times were hard, they were blamed for working for lower wages and taking jobs away from white men. And these white men were actually recent immigrants themselves. (8) Anti-Chinese riots broke out in many cities, and some even developed into arson andbloodshed. The Chinese were not allowed to make legal appeals and they were not accepted as American citizens. Californians began to demand that no more Chinese be permitted to enter their state. (9) Finally, in 1882, the Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped the immigration of Chinese laborers. Many Chinese returned to their homeland, and their numbers declined sharply in the early part of this century. (10) However, during WWII, when China was an ally of the United States, the exclusion laws were ended. A small number of Chinese were allowed to immigrate each year, and Chinese could become American citizens. (11) In 1965, in a general revision of American immigration laws, many more Chinese were permitted to settle here. From the start, the Chinese had lived apart in their own separate neighborhoods, which came to be known as “Chinatowns “. In each of them the residents organized an unofficial government to make rules for the community and to settle disputes. Many people couldn’t find jods on the outside, so they went into business for themselves, primarily to serve their own neighborhood. As for laundries and restaurants, some of them soon spread in the city, since such services continued to be in demand among non-Chinese too. To this day, certain Chinatowns, especially those of San Francisco and New York, are busy, thriving communities. (12) They have become great attractions for tourists and for those who enjoy Chinese food. (13) Most of today’s Chinese Americans are the descendants of some of the early miners and railroad workers. Those immigrants had been uneducated farm laborers in the vicinity of Canton in Southeast China before they came to America. Even after having lived here for several generations, Chinese Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture. For example, their family ties continue to be remarkably strong. Members of the family lend each other moral support and also practical help when necessary. From a very young age, children are taught with the old values and attitudes, including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family. This helps to explain why there is so little juvenile delinquency among them. (14) The high regard for education, and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement, are two other noteworthy characteristics of them. These explain why so many descendants of uneducated laborers have succeeded in becoming doctors, lawyers and other professionals. By the way, many of the most outstanding Chinese American scholars, scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals. They come from China’s former upper class and represent its high cultural traditions. Chinese Americans make up only a tiny fraction of the American population. They live chiefly in California, New York, and Hawaii. As American attitudes toward minorities and toward ethnic differences have changed in recent years, the long-hated Chinese have gained wide acceptance. Today, they are generally admired for many remarkable characteristics, and are often held up as an example worth following. (15) And their numerous contributions to their adopted land are much appreciated. Now, we are coming to the end of our lecture. Today we’ve talked about what Chinese Americans have undergone since the California Gold Rush of 1849. Our focus for the next week will be on African Americans. Thank you for your attention.Chinese Americans I . Early immigrationA. the first group of Chinese immigrants—came to【T1】______【T1】______—became the【T2】______ of theirenvious competitors【T2】______—were prevented from working on their【T3】______【T3】______—sought out other ways of【T4】______【T4】______B. the second group of Chinese immigrants—were imported to construct the first【T5】______ railroad【T5】______—aroused strong【T6】______ after the railroad project was 【T6】______completed —were called “heathen Chinese”—reason: differences in appearance, language and【T7】______【T7】______—anti-Chinese【T8】______ broke out in many cities【T8】______—the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed to stop the【T9】______ of【T9】______Chinese laborers Ⅱ. During WWII —China was an 【T10】______ of the United States【T10】______—a general【T11】______ of the immigration laws【T11】______—more Chinese were permitted to settle in America —Chinatowns have become great【T12】______ for tourists【T12】______ Ⅲ. Today’s Chinese Americans —most are the【T13】______ of the early miners and railroad workers【T13】______ —many aspects of their ancient culture have been retained —two other noteworthy characteristics: —the high regard for education —the【T14】______ to work hard to gain advancement【T14】______—numerous【T15】______ are much appreciated【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：search for gold解析：根据句(1)可知，第一批来到加利福尼亚的华人与其他大多数人一样是为了淘金，故答案为search for gold。

英语专业八级听力考题解析

英语专业八级听力考题解析一、选择题解析1. A解析：在题目中，提到了"the most valuable thing"，接下来提到了"healthy body"和"money"，而选项A中提到的"good health"正是所要表达的意思。

2. C解析：在题目中，提到了"the man is traveling by air"，并且询问了旅行目的地。

而选项C中的"easier to travel by air"正是所要表达的意思。

3. B解析：在题目中，提到了"speaking and listening"是最重要的英语技能，而选项B中的"speaking and listening are essential"正是所要表达的意思。

4. A解析：在题目中，提到了"the most productive"和"big companies"，而选项A中的"large corporations"符合所描述的情况。

二、填空题解析1. teenagers解析：在题目中，提到了"new type of music is very popular among ________"，并且给出了"young people"。

故填入"teenagers"。

2. specialized解析：在题目中，提到了"a ____________ college"，并且给出了"a college that offers courses specifically"。

故填入"specialized"。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷268(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷268(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Audience Awareness of Writing Good morning, everyone. Before you write something, you need to have a clear idea of the topic, the audience, and the purpose of your writing. In this lecture, we’ll concentrate on one of those elements, the audience. This is a very important aspect of writing. The term audience usually refers to viewers of movies and TV shows and listeners of radio programs. Here we expand it to include readers of written materials in discussions of writing activities. Why is this concept so important? (1) As shown in the example in our book, the same topic, when written to different audiences, can have very different contents, structures, styles, etc. (2) Thus, the importance of a keen awareness of your audience throughout the writing process cannot be overemphasized. Audience can be examined from three different perspectives:1. (3) your social relations to your audience;2. your audience’s knowledge about your subject;3. your audience’s attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing. Let’s discuss them one by one. Now, the first point, analyze your audience in terms of your social relations. Whenever you write, you are interacting with other members of the society. Are you writing to a friend of yours? To a college student? To the director of your business firm? To the Admissions Office of an American college? (4) In each situation, you have a different social relationship with your audience, and this relation has a definite impact on the shape of your writing. No one in his or her right mind would write a letter of application to the dean of the graduate school as if the dean was one of his or her buddies. The second point, analyze your audience in terms of their knowledge of the subject you are writing about. (5) This analysis is valuable, particularly in informative and explanatory writing. Suppose you are writing a paper comparing the Mid-autumn Festival and Thanksgiving Day. How much knowledge would you assume your American readers already have about the Chinese holiday and how much about their own? Obviously, very little about the former and a whole lot about the latter. In such a paper, you want to take care not to bore your readers to death by telling them what they already know, while leaving them tantalizingly unsatisfied about what they are so eager to learn. (6) The emphasis here should be to show the striking differences and subtle parallels rather than to give exhaustively detailedinformation on each holiday. (7) Now, the third point, analyze your audience in terms of their attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing. (8) This analysis is vitally important in writing persuasive or argumentative essays, which is much more complex and challenging. (9) In a persuasive essay, you present reasons and arguments to convince your readers that they should accept a belief or take a position or a specific action. For persuasive or argumentative writings, you can classify the audience into three groups: those who agree, those who are neutral or undecided, and those who disagree. When writing to an audience who already sees eye to eye with you about a controversial issue, is there much you need to do? Not much. If you are addressing an audience who already shares your view about developing and maintaining a mature and constructive relationship between China and the United States in the 21st century, all you need to do is repeat why such a relationship is in the vital interests of both countries and of the whole world. (10) When writing to the audiences who are neutral or undecided, you have the most to do and can hope to achieve a lot. Say, you want to propose that a new financial aid system be established to help those bright students in rural and less prosperous areas of the country. You are concerned that with today’s new tuition policy and practice, those students will be priced out of a chance for the high education they deserve so much. Some people may be undecided because they have some doubts and concerns: Where does the money needed for such aid come from? What are the specific standards whereby to award scholarships? Are there more fair and efficient alternative solutions? (11) Once you find out why your audiences are undecided, you need to address their doubts and concerns as directly and fully as possible. You have a fairly good chance of winning them over when their questions are answered satisfactorily. And the audiences who disagree are the most difficult to write to. Different people disagree with you for different reasons. Some of them may have already given the issue a thought and have already made a choice, therefore, it is extremely difficult to change their minds. Others who disagree may not have had the time to think it over seriously. There are two main possible reasons why your audiences may disagree with you: 1) because they don’t have the “facts” , or because they look at the same “facts”differently; (12) 2) because they are influenced by their personal opinions, prejudices, and political or religious beliefs. (13) Once you have found out why they disagree, you can decide what the best approach to such audiences is. (14) If it is a lack of information, your job is to give them the relevant historical as well as up-to-date information as accurately as possible. (15) If it is for personal, political and religious reasons, you need to recognize them, understand them, and address them accordingly. Now, we can see that audience awareness is so crucial to the success of your writing. And in the next lecture, we’ll discuss the writing purpose and your role in the writing. Thank you for your attention!Audience Awareness of Writing I. Introduction—contents,【T1】______ and styles depend on the audience【T1】______ —the importance of a keen audience awareness of writing cannotbe【T2】______【T2】______II. Writer’s【T3】______ to the audience【T3】______Whenever you wite, you are interacting with other members of the society.—having a definite impact on the【T4】______ of the writing【T4】______Ⅲ. Audience’s knowledge of the subject—valuable in【T5】______ and explanatory writing【T5】______—e. g., a paper comparing festivals—show the【T6】______ and subtle parallels【T6】______IV. Audience’s【T7】______ to the subject and the writer’s position【T7】______—vitally important in writing【T8】______ or argumentative essays【T8】______—【T9】______ are needed to convince audience 【T9】______—three groups of audience:1) those who agree: not much need to do2) those who are【T10】______ or undecided【T10】______ —find the reason—address their【T11】______ as directly and fully as possible【T11】______3) those who disagree: the most difficult to write to —two main reasons;—lacking the “ facts” or looking at the same “ facts “differently —influenced by their personal opinions,【T12】______ and【T12】______political or religious beliefs —find out reasons, and decide the best 【T13】______【T13】______—give the relevant【T14】______ and up-to-date information【T14】______accurately —recognize, understand, and【T15】______ them accordingly【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：structures解析：根据句(1)可知，同样的主题，读者不同，其内容、结构和风格等也会不同。

专业英语八级(新闻听力)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（新闻听力）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文： A fast-moving wildfire erupted Friday on the main interstate between Southern California and Las Vegas, forcing evacuations of 1,500 homes and the closure of the freeway. By late Friday, firefighters were gaining the upper hand on the fire, allowing officials to lift evacuation orders for half of the homes and reopen the freeway to holiday weekend traffic. The fire began Friday afternoon and quickly grew to 1,100 acres. The fire was fueled by winds up to 15 mph and 90 degrees temperatures, but by evening cooler weather and calmer winds helped firefighters control the blaze, U.S. Forest Service spokesman said. The fire destroyed two mobile homes and damaged two other structures. A firefighter suffered heat exhaustion and another suffered a medical-related injury. By evening, authorities determined it was safe for those who live on the north and west side of the fire to come back. Air quality officials predicted that smoke from the fire would cause problems for people with health sensitivities in the San Bernardino and San Gabriel mountain areas. The South Coast Air Quality Management District urged them to avoid unnecessary outdoor activities. CNN Student News1．Which of the following was a result of the wildfire?A．1500 homes were burned down.B．The freeway was closed.C．Two firefighters were killed.D．1100 acres of forest were burned.正确答案：B解析：细节题。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷233(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷233(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Writing a Literature ReviewGood morning, everyone. Today, we will continue our lecture series of academic writing. We will talk about the definition of literature review, and what makes a good literature review.First of all, what is a literature review?[1]A literature review is a survey and discussion of the literature in a given area of study. It is a concise overview of what has been studied, argued, and established about a topic, and[2]it is usually organized chronologically or thematically.A literature review is written in essay format.[3]It is not an annotated bibliography, because it groups related works together and discusses trends and developments rather than focusing on one item at a time. It is not a summary; rather, it evaluates previous and current research in regard to how relevant or useful it is and how it relates to your own research.Secondly, the purpose and audience of a literature review.[4]A literature review is written to highlight specific arguments and ideas in a field of study.[5]By highlighting these arguments, the writer attempts to show what has been studied in the field, and also where the weaknesses, gaps, or areas needing further study are.[6]The review should therefore also demonstrate to the reader why the writer’s research is useful, necessary, important, and valid. So you should be aware of the audience of literature review. Literature reviews can have different types of audiences, so consider why and for whom you are writing your review. For example, a lot of literature reviews are written as a chapter for a thesis or dissertation, so the audience will want to know in what way your research is important and original. Highlighting the gap in knowledge which your research aims to fill is particularly important in this instance because you need to convince the reader that there is an opening in the area of study.A literature review in a proposal will similarly try to convince the audience of the significance and worthiness of the proposed project. In contrast, when you are writing a literature review for a course, your professor may want you to show that you understand what research has been done, giving you a base of knowledge. In this case, you may not need to focus as much on proving where the gaps in knowledge lie, but rather, that you know what the major areas of study and key ideas are.Thirdly, questions a literature review should answer. Asking questions such as the following will help you sift through your sources and organize your literature review. Remember,the literature review organizes the previous research in the light of what you are planning to do in your own project. What’s been done in this topic area to date? What are the significant discoveries, key concepts, arguments or theories that scholars have put forward? Which are the important works? On which particular areas of the topic has previous research concentrated? Have there been developments over time?[7]What methodologies have been used? Are there any gaps in the research? Are there areas that haven’t been looked at closely yet, but which should be? Are there new ways of looking at the topic?[7]Are there improved methodologies for researching this subject? What future directions should research in this subject take? How will your research build on or depart from current and previous research on the topic?[8]What contribution will your research make to the field?Now, about the length of a literature review. The length of a literature review varies depending on its purpose and audience.[9]In a thesis or dissertation, the review is usually a full chapter or at least 20 pages, but for an assignment it may only be a few pages.[10]Finally, the structure of a literature review. There are several ways to organize and structure a literature review. Two common ways are chronologically and thematically.[11]In a chronological review, you will group and discuss your sources in order of their appearance, usually publication, highlighting the changes in research in the field and your specific topic over time.[12]This method is useful for papers focusing on research methodology, historiographical papers, and other writing where time becomes an important element. For example, a literature review on theories of mental illness might present how the understanding of mental illness has changed through the centuries, by giving a series of examples of key developments and ending with current theories and the direction your research will take. In a thematic review, you will group and discuss your sources in terms of the themes or topics they cover.[13]This method is often a stronger one organizationally, and it can help you resist the urge to summarize your sources. By grouping themes or topics of research together, you will be able to demonstrate the types of topics that are important to your research.[14]For example, if the topic of the literature review is changes in popular music, then there might be separate sections on research involving the production of music, research on the dissemination of music, research on the interpretation of music, and historical studies of popular music. No matter which method you choose,[15]remember that within each section of a literature review, it is important to discuss how the research relates to other studies as well as to demonstrate how it relates to your own work. This is what the review is for. Don’t leave this connection out!OK. I have talked to you about the definition of literature review, and the elements of writing a good and impressive literature review. I hope you’ve found this lecture useful for your academic writing. Next time, we shall discuss some basic research methodologies and how we could present these methods in the paper.Writing a Literature ReviewI. Definition of Literature Review—It’s a(n)【T1】_____ and discussion of the literature【T1】______in a given area of study.—It is organized in time order or in【T2】_____ order.【T2】______—It is not an【T3】_____, nor a summary.【T3】______II. Purpose and Audience of a Literature Review —to【T4】_____specific arguments and ideas in a field of study【T4】______—toexamine the【T5】_____ or areas needing further study【T5】______—to demonstrate the【T6】_____ and validity of the research【T6】______—different audience will require different types of literature review III. Questions a Literature Review Should Answer—What have been done?—What【T7】_____ have been used? Are they improved?【T7】______—What could be improved?—What are the future directions in this subject?—What could you【T8】_____to the field?【T8】______V. Length of a Literature Review—A full chapter or at least【T9】_____pages for a thesis or dissertation【T9】______—A few pages for an assignmentVI.【T10】_____ of a Literature Review【T10】______—Group sources in order of【T11】_____【T11】______Papers focusing on【T12】_____, historiographical papers etc.【T12】______Example: reviews on mental illness—Group sources in terms of topics they coverA stronger method, because it helps avoid【T13】_____the sources【T13】______Example: If a paper is about changes in popular music, possiblesections are researches about production of music,dissemination of music,【T14】_____【T14】______and historical studies of popular music.—REMEMBER:Literature review is the discussion of【T15】_____ among previous【T15】______researches and your work 1．【T1】正确答案：survey解析：本题考查文献综述的定义。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷290(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷290(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：How to Study English in Your Dream: the Theory Good afternoon. Today we are going to discuss how to study English in your dream. Firstly, let me give a brief introduction focusing on connections among English study, imagination, and dream. As this is an ongoing research concerning at least two professional fields, respectively, Foreign Language Acquisition and Cognitive Psychology, which are not that easy to be perceived without a certain amount of basic knowledge. Thus, I will try my best to explain how dreams affect language learning. Human Beings receive all kinds of information by five senses—seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and tasting. According to reliable census, of all information, 83.3% is taken by seeing, 11% by hearing, 3.5% by smelling, 1.5% by touching, and only 1% by tasting, from which we can see that vision has vital importance in receipt of data. Therefore, the more visualized and vivid the content is, the more impression it would leave you, the more solidly you would lock it up in your memory. That best explains why most people prefer multimedia rather than text book along in English learning. Although seeing and hearing together absorb 94.3% of all information, and this can be simply achieved by visualized lessons given by the modern technology, such as, video both on tape and on line, TV, and so on, imagination, or better still, daydreams, that is a mere imagination that floats in your mind normally without any deliberate purposes while being fully in consciousness, usually serve better, for you can easily utilize all your senses for the acquirement of new knowledge. It is more like playing a movie in your mind: not only can you live your past experience over and over again but also apply to all your senses available or not in order to engrave what you would like to learn deeply upon your heart. According to the theory given above—the application of all senses in imagination, in this case you are supposed to hear how sweet the woman asking for the coffee sounds, to see how lovely the waiter’s smile look, to feel how hot the coffee is, to taste on the surface of your tongue the remaining fragrance of the black coffee with a teaspoonful of sugar. It is pretty much similar to watching a movie. The only difference between movie and imagination is that by watching a film, you only see and hear what people do and say. Although that means, that 94.3% of all information is received, you never know thecoffee is hot and the perfume smells nice unless the woman or the waiter tells you how hot and how nice. Every time, someone offers you a cup of coffee, you might replay “Please, and with a teaspoonful of white sugar in it. Thank you.” Although you may prefer no sugar in it, it just somehow becomes an instinctive reaction. Whenever familiar signals received, you respond naturally without even thinking about the answer. That is how people acquire their first and second language since very early age. There are few other techniques to enhance the imaginative effect, such as, magnifying, minifying, exaggerating, and etc. Although they are closely related to development of imagination, they are too professional to be included here. According to the definition of dream by Freud, dream is the combination of living experience and imagination. We can see that imagination is a part of dream. We just proved how imagination works with English study through five senses. Now let us concentrate on the living experience which takes another part in dream. Literally speaking, living experience is actually nothing more than what you have experienced. As long as one could remember things, he commenced to accumulate his own experience. We have already known that dreams consist of imagination and living experience of both past and presence. That living experience is the collection of memories: that through five senses imagination can greatly improve English study. However, there is a slight difference between imagination in a dream and that in fantasy, the former being controllable by consciousness while the latter by sub-consciousness.In another words, one can not manipulate his dream: but he can take firm hold of everything in his fantasy. Thus, your imagination runs freely with your sub-consciousness while it can be manipulated by your consciousness. Here comes a review: firstly, English study can be enhanced by imagination through five senses. Secondly, living experience is merely the collection of your own memories of what you have been through since the day you could remember things. Thirdly, dream is composed of imagination and living experience of both past and presence. Fourthly, the difference between dream and fantasy is that dream goes with sub-consciousness in which imagination can run free, and fantasy matches with consciousness in which imagination can be controlled. Putting the conclusions above together, we can find out that with a good preparation of living experience concerning English you would like to learn, with a conversion from the English material into vivid imagination in your mind, you can have a dream in English language as depicted at the outset of this lecture.How to Study English in Your Dream: the Theory I. IntroductionA. Connections among English study,【T1】______【T1】______B. Two related fields:—foreign language acquisition—【T2】______psychology【T2】______II. English StudyA. Human Beings: to get all kinds of information by five sensesB. Seeing: to 【T3】______ 83.3% of all information【T3】______—vision has【T4】______【T4】______—the more visualized and【T5】______, the better memorized【T5】______C. Daydreams: to serve better than visualized lessons because—you can live your past experience repeatedly—you can apply to all senses【T6】______ or not 【T6】______D. Other techniques: to magnify, minify,【T7】______, etc.【T7】______—closely related to【T8】______【T8】______—very professional topicsIII. Dream:a(n)【T9】______ of living experience and imagination【T9】______A. Imagination is a(n)【T10】______【T10】______B. Living experience is the collection of memories —【T11】______ of one’s own experience begins as a person【T11】______could remember thingsC. Imagination can greatly improve English studyIV. ReviewA. English study to be enhanced by【T12】______ through five senses【T12】______B. Living experience: collection of memoriesC. Dream: composed of imagination and living experienceD. Dream goes with sub-consciousness—imagination can【T13】______【T13】______and fantasy matches with consciousnessV. ConclusionYou can have a dream in【T14】______ with:【T14】______A. A good preparation of living experienceB. A【T15】______ into vivid imagination in your mind【T15】______ 1．【T1】正确答案：imagination and dream解析：讲座一开头便提到要简要介绍在英语学习、想象力和梦之间的联系，所以答案为imagination and dream。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷192(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷192(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Four Steps of Learning a Foreign LanguageGood morning, everyone. Today, we are going to talk about an important topic among college students: how to learn a foreign language fast and free. There is one thing that always amazes the new round of college freshman—the fact that the years they spent studying a foreign language in high school was essentially worthless. They learned nothing. What is the point of spending years studying a language if in the end you know the amount of a beginner? There has to be a better way to learn. Luckily, with the Internet and all the resources available, it is very possible to learn a language, quite fluently, for free without traveling to that land.[1]The problem with most formal language class is the insistent mix of conversation, grammar, and vocabulary all mixed together. This method considerably slows a person down. Think of it, for a moment, as someone who is obese, which would work faster: 1)dieting and dropping the fat pounds, then eating larger amounts and exercising to put on muscle, or 2)trying to lose the fat while simultaneously putting on muscle? The first is the better choice, as dieting requires less food and putting on muscle requires more—you need to start somewhere. The same principle applies to learning a foreign language fast—the brain needs a foothold, somewhere to get a strong grip and begin the work. This method I’m going to outline works, and it works weU.[2]/[3]It requires, ideally, one hour minimum of studying per day, a notebook, an Internet connection, and preferably an mp3 player or iPod.[4]The four steps should be followed in order—the steps listed are the way the brain learns best. Trying to do one step before the other will slow the learning process down.Step 1: Alphabet and Pronunciation.[5]The brain, first and foremost wants to be able to pronounce what it sees. Even if you don’t know what the word means, the brain is satisfied if it can pronounce the word. When you first saw a word, what did you think first? The pronunciation or the meaning? The pronunciation.[6]To learn the proper way to pronounce the alphabet and how to transliterate it, if using foreign letters, do a Google search for audio files. You will be able to find these on any language. You can listen to them with computer speakers, or you can download them to an mp3 player.[7]Either way, it is best to listen to them with head-phones on, so you can hear the nuances of the speech.[8]Repeat each sound, and continue to memorize until youhave it all learned. Ideally, this should take you no more than one week.Step 2: V ocabulary.[9]The very next thing that the brain wants is vocabulary—words are the most basic form of communication. It’s the same way with children—drink, potty, and hungry are all basic words that convey a meaning. This is the most basic form of communication.[9]Each language has ap-prox. 2,000 words that are the most used in everyday conversation, and these are the ones you will need to learn. The rest of your vocabulary can be expanded overtime with literature and movies in that language. Try to obtain a list of the most common words in the language you are learning by running a Google search. If you cannot locate one, then obtain a dictionary and pick out all the words you use every day—particles, nouns, verbs, etc. Make flash cards, download a flash card program, or makes flash cards for your mp3 player if it has picture capabilities.[10]Memorize the words thoroughly, until you can say them on command, at anytime, without thinking about it. You should be able to look at a page full of these words and readily understand them without even thinking about it. You should be able to look at an object in a room and says its name with the language you are learning without hesitation. If you can do this, then you are ready to move on.[11]Learning these words should take approx. one month, assuming you work on them diligently and try to learn 50-100 words every day.Step 3: Grammar. Only after you have a good foothold on pronunciation and a large vocabulary should you begin with grammar. It is so much simpler to work at deciphering a text when you understand all the words. This will allow you to pick up on the structure habits and differences in word order and phrases.[12]Search online for a grammar manual, or a collection of lessons.[13]Once you have found one, study all the basics—conjugations, word order, and exceptions to the basic rules. Once you have a grasp of the conjugations possible and the word order, proceed to step 4. Step 3 should take approx one month if studied for an hour or two every day.Step 4: Reading and Listening. The final step is perhaps the most difficult and rewarding. In this step, you will begin to work on your reading level and listening comprehension. This is time-consuming at first, but progresses the level of understanding quickly.[14]Search online for short stories, children’s stories, or novels in the language you are learning. Work at deciphering these. Transcribing them into your language is the best way to learn quickly. A dictionary will be needed for a while, but will help you expand your vocabulary quickly. At the same time, you need to learn the listening comprehension and casual pronunciation. This can also be done online, and this is where an mp3 player or iPod will come in handy. Download podcasts in that language, download movies and television shows in that language, and watch online videos in that language. Most DVDs have multiple languages, also.[15]Try to write down what they are saying. This will force you to pay attention. After a month of listening, you should be able to discern the words easier. Practice pronouncing words like natives.That’s it! After going through each step, simply continue to write novels in that language, and to watch movies in that language, and try to set up video pen pals to speak in that language. With enough practice, I am sure you will be able to speak the language on a higher level in 6 months than you could with 3 years of formal classes.Four Steps of Learning a Foreign LanguageThe efforts spent in high schoollearning a foreign language were almost futile. Fortunately, forfreshmen students, it is possible to learn a foreign language fast without traveling to the destination where that particular language is spoken.I. Problem of Formal Language Class—Insistent mix of conversation, grammar and【T1】_____【T1】______—Analogy: trying to lose weight and then put on muscleII. Requirement for the Method to Be Outlined—Time: at least【T2】_____ of studying per day【T2】______—Materials: a notebook,【T3】_____, and an mp3 player【T3】______III. Four Steps of Learning Language—The order of these four steps should【T4】_____【T4】______Step 1: Alphabet and Pronunciation—In terms of brain reaction, the pronunciation comesbefore the【T5】_____【T5】______—Use【T6】_____ for audio files of alphabet【T6】______—Listen with a headphone to spot the【T7】_____ of the speech【T7】______—Take one week to【T8】_____ yourself with the sounds【T8】______Step 2: V ocabulary —Learn the【T9】_____【T9】______—Get a word list from Google or pick the words from a dictionary—Memorize the words【T10】_____【T10】______—Work on 50-100 words a day for about【T11】_____【T11】______Step 3: Grammar—Search for grammar【T12】_____【T12】______—Study the basics: conjugations,【T13】_____ and【T13】______exceptions to the basic rule—Study for 1 or 2 hours a day for about one month Step 4: Reading and Listening—Search for short stories,【T14】_____ or novels【T14】______—Translate these stories into your own language—Download podcasts, movies, and TV shows and watch on-line videos—【T15】_____ what they are saying【T15】______—Practice pronouncing words like natives1．【T1】正确答案：vocabulary解析：讲座中提到，大多数正式的语言课把会话、语法和词汇混杂在一起。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷221(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷221(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Is English Appropriate for a Global Language?Good morning, everyone. Today, we will continue our discussion about English as a global language. Some have argued that there are intrinsic features of the English language that set it apart, and make it an appropriate choice as a global language and it may be worthwhile investigating some of these claims. Today, I will give you a brief account of these features and approach the question whether English is appropriate for a global language.[1]First of all, the richness and depth of English’s vocabulary sets it apart from other languages. The 1989 revised “Oxford English Dictionary”lists 615,000 words in 20 volumes, officially the world’s largest dictionary. If technical and scientific words were to be included, the total would rise to well over a million. By some estimates, the English lexicon is currently increasing by over 8,500 words a year, although other estimates put this as high as 15,000 to 20,000. It is estimated that about 200,000 English words are in common use, as compared to 184,000 in German, and mere 100,000 in French.[2]The availability of large numbers of synonyms allows shades of distinction that are just not available to non-English speakers and, although other languages have books of synonyms, none has anything on quite the scale of “Roget’s Thesaurus”. Add to this the wealth of English idioms and phrases, and the available material with which to express meaning is truly prodigious, whether the intention is poetry, business or just everyday conversation.[3]Secondly, English is a very flexible language.[4]One example of this is in respect of word order and the ability to phrase sentences as active or passive—e.g. I kicked the ball, or the ball was kicked by me. Another is in the ability to use the same word as both a noun and a verb, such as drink, fight, silence, etc.[5]New words can easily be created by the addition of prefixes or suffixes—e.g. brightness, fixation, unintelligible, etc, or by compounding or fusing existing words together—e.g. airport, seashore, footwear, etc. Just how far English’s much-vaunted flexibility should go or should be allowed to go is a hotly-debated topic, though. For example, should common but incorrect usages be accepted as part of the natural evolution of the language, or reviled as inexcusable sloppi-ness which should be summarily nipped in the bud?[6]Thirdly, its grammar is generally simpler than most languages. It dispenses completely with noungenders,[7]and often dispenses with the article completely.[8]The distinction between familiar and formal addresses was abandoned centuries ago. Case forms for nouns are almost non-existent, with the exception of some personal pronouns like I/me/mine, he/ him/his, etc, as compared to Finnish, for example, which has fifteen forms for every noun, or Russian which has 12. In German, each verb has 16 different forms, while English only retains 5 at most(e.g. ride, rides, rode, riding, ridden)and often only requires 3(e.g. hit, hits, hitting).Well, in the fourth aspect, some would also claim that it is also a relatively simple language in terms of spelling and pronunciation, although this claim is perhaps more contentious.[9]While it does not require mastery of the subtle tonal variations of Cantonese, nor the bewildering consonant clusters of Welsh or Gaelic, it does have more than its fair share of apparently random spellings, silent letters and phonetic inconsistencies.[10]There are somewhere between 44 and 52 unique sounds used in English pronunciation, depending on the authority consulted, almost equally divided between vowel sounds and consonants, as compared to 26 in Italian, for example, or just 13 in Hawaiian. This includes some sounds which are notoriously difficult for foreigners to pronounce, and some sounds which have a huge variety of possible spellings. In its defense, though, its consonants at least are fairly regular in pronunciation, and it is blessedly free of the accents and diacritical marks which festoon many other languages.[11]Also, its borrowings of foreign words tend to preserve the original spelling rather than attempting to spell them phonetically. It has been estimated that 84% of English spellings conform to general patterns or rules, while only 3% are completely unpredictable.[12]Arguably, some of the inconsistencies do help to distinguish between homophones like fissure and fisher; seas and seize; air and heir; aloud and allowed; weather and whether, chants and chance; flu, flue and flew; reign, rein and rain; etc.Finally, some argue that, from its adoption of thousands of words from other languages with which it came into contact, the cosmopolitan character of English gives it a feeling of familiarity and welcoming compared to other languages, such as French, for example, which has tried its best to keep out other languages.[13]Despite a tendency towards jargon, English is generally reasonably concise compared to many languages, as can be seen in the length of translations. A notable exception is Hebrew translations, which are usually shorter than their English equivalents by up to a third. It is also less prone to misunderstandings due to cultural subtleties than, say, Japanese, which is almost impossible to simultaneously translate for that reason. The absence of coding for social differences may make English seem more democratic and remove some of the potential stress associated with language-generated social blunders.[14]/[15]In many other languages, one has to distinguish between formal and informal verb forms and sometimes other more complex social distinctions. The extent and quality of English literature throughout history marks it as a language of culture and class. As a result, it carries with it a certain legitimacy, substance and gravitas that few other languages can match.OK. I have outlined five linguistic reasons to justify English as the global language. On balance, though, the intrinsic appeal of English as a world language is probably overblown and specious, and largely based on chauvinism. It is unlikely that linguistic factors are of great importance in a language’s rise to the status of worldlanguage, and English’s position today is almost entirely due to the aforementioned political and economic factors, which is the topic of next lecture.Is English Appropriate for a Global Language?Several intrinsic features of English language have made it an appropriate choice as a global language.I. The【T1】_____ of English’s vocabulary【T1】______1. Large amount of English words in common use2. Large numbers of【T2】_____【T2】______3. The wealth of English idioms and phrasesII. The【T3】_____ of the language【T3】______1. Word order.2.【T4】_____ as active or passive【T4】______3. The same word as both a noun and a verb4. New words can easily be createdA. By the addition of prefixes or suffixesB. By【T5】_____ or fusing existing words together【T5】______III. Generally simpler 【T6】_____【T6】______1. No noun genders2.【T7】_____【T7】______3. No distinction between【T8】_____ addresses【T8】______4. Almost no case forms for nouns IV. Simple spelling and pronunciation1. No subtle【T9】_____variations【T9】______2. Few consonant clusters3. Between【T10】_____ and 52 unique sounds in English【T10】______4. Consonants are fairly regular in pronunciation5. No accents or diacritical marks6. Preserving the original spelling of【T11】_____【T11】______7. Some inconsistencies help to distinguish between【T12】_____【T12】______V. A cosmopolitan language1. Adopting thousands of words from other languages2. Concise, as shown in the length of【T13】_____【T13】______3. Less prone to misunderstandings4. No distinction between formal and informal【T14】_____【T14】______5. No complex【T15】_____ distinction【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：richness and depth解析：讲座所讲的英语的第一个特征是词汇的广度和深度，这里可以直接填录音原词richness and depth。

专八真题预测卷答案解析

专八真题预测卷答案解析在备战专八考试过程中，很多考生会选择预测卷进行模拟训练，以便更好地了解考试形式和题型。

本文将对一套专八真题预测卷的答案进行解析，帮助考生理解正确解题的思路和方法。

听力部分解析：第一节：短对话理解这部分主要测试考生对于简短对话的理解能力。

预测卷上的短对话主要涉及日常生活的各个方面，包括购物、工作、旅行等。

考生需要仔细聆听对话中的信息，准确捕捉关键词，从而选择正确的答案。

此外，还需注意对话者的语气、情感等因素，以帮助理解对话内容。

第二节：长对话理解这部分主要考察考生对于较长对话的整体理解和细节把握能力。

在预测卷上，长对话主要涉及学术讲座、会议、访谈等场景。

考生需要注意对话者的观点、态度，以及关键信息的提取和重要细节的归纳。

通过积累阅读、听力材料进行训练，可以提高对于长对话的理解能力。

第三节：短文理解这部分主要考察考生对于短文的整体理解和细节把握能力。

预测卷上的短文主要涉及人物介绍、社会事件、科普知识等方面。

考生需要注意抓住短文的主题和中心思想，同时捕捉关键信息，理解文章的脉络和逻辑关系，从而选择正确的答案。

阅读部分解析：第一节：阅读理解在预测卷的阅读理解部分，往往会涉及不同类型的文章，包括新闻报道、科学研究、社会评论等。

考生需要在有限的时间内，快速阅读并理解文章的主题、结构和观点，找出问题所涉及的具体信息，从而选择正确的答案。

通过多阅读各类文章进行练习，可以提高阅读理解的能力。

第二节：阅读填空这部分主要考察考生对于短文整体内容和细节的理解能力。

预测卷上的短文内容涉及各个领域，包括文化、科技、社会等。

考生需要阅读并理解短文的主旨和重要信息，根据提示词语选择合适的答案填入空白处。

通过刷题和模拟训练，可以提高对于短文填空题的答题技巧。

写作部分解析：第一部分：图表作文预测卷上的图表作文主要涉及统计数据和趋势分析。

考生需要准确理解图表所给的信息，并运用所学的写作技巧进行分析和描述。

一般来说，图表作文需要包括图表的简单介绍、数据的总结和趋势的解释等。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷298(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷298(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.听力原文：W: Hi there, Martin. How are you going with your Australian studies tutorial paper? M: Oh good. I’ve finished it actually. W: Lucky you. What did you do it on? I’m still trying to find an interesting topic.M: Well... after some consideration I decided to look at the history of banana growing in Australia.W:(surprised)Banana growing!M: Yes, banana growing.W:(sarcastically)Fascinating, I’m sure!M: Well... Britney, it’s not as boring as you’d think. And I wanted to tie it into the work I’ve been doing on primary industries and the economy. Anyway I bet there are a few things you didn’t know about bananas!W: Such as?M: Such as the fact that bananas were among the first plants ever to be domesticated.W: Oh, really?M: Yes, they’re an extremely nourishing food.W: I suppose you’re going to tell me the whole history of banana growing now, aren’t you?M: Well, it’d be a good practice run for my tutorial next week I’ll do the same for you some time.W: OK. So where were these bananas first domesticated?M: According to my research, the Cavendish banana, which is a type of banana and the first type to be cultivated here, actually originated in China but they had a fairly roundabout route before they got to Australia.W: You mean they didn’t go straight from China to Australia?M: No, they didn’t. It seems that in 1826, bananas were taken from South China to England.W: I suppose they would have made a welcome addition to the English diet.M: Yes, I’m sure. Well apparently there was an English Duke who was particularly fond of bananas and he used to cultivate them in his hothouse, which is where you have to grow them in England, of course, because of the cool climate and they became quite popular in the UK. So he was the one responsible for cultivating the Cavendish banana which was then introduced into Australia.W: I see. And we’ve been growing them ever since?M: Yes.W: Are they hard to grow?M: Well, yes and no. To grow them in your garden, no, not really. But to grow them commercially you need to know what you’re doing. You see you only get one bunch of bananas per tree and it can take up to three years for a tree to bear fruit if you don’t do anything special to it. But this period is greatly reduced with modern growing methods, particularly in plantations where you have perfect tropical conditions.W: Right! So what are you looking at? One year? Two years?M: No, no,around 15 months in good conditions for a tree to produce a bunch of bananas. And once you’ve got your bunch you cut the bunch and the plant down.1. What does Britney think about the topic of Martin’s research at first?2. Why Martin doesn’t want to tell Britney the whole history of banana growing at the moment?3. What do we learn from Martin’s tutorial paper?4. According to the conversation, why do bananas have to be grown in the hothouse in the UK?5. What can we learn from the conversation?1．A．Fascinating.B．Tedious.C．Interesting.D．Valueless.正确答案：B解析：女士在听到男士说他的论文主题是香蕉史时大为惊讶，并用嘲讽的口吻挖苦男士，男士随后说：不像你想象的那么无趣啦!可推测女士起初认为男士的研究很无趣，选B项。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷106(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷106(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now the next thing you must do when you listen is that you need to【T1】______ that the lecturer expects you to add. All lecturers assume that they share some information with their audience and that their audience does not need them to explain every word. And listeners have an ability to add this information due to two sources of information. That is, one, their knowledge of 【T2】______: and, two, their knowledge or experience of【T3】______. So remember listening is not a matter of just absorbing the speaker’s words: the listener has to do 【T4】______ than that The listener is not a tape recorder, absorbing the speaker’s words and putting them into his or her brain. Rather, listening involves hearing the speaker’s words and【T5】______, adding information if necessary. So the meaning is not in the word alone, rather it is in the person who【T6】______ or responds to it so that the second thing that a listener must do—add information that the lecturer【T7】______.1．【T1】正确答案：add information 涉及知识点：听力填空2．【T2】正确答案：a particular subject 涉及知识点：听力填空3．【T3】正确答案：the world 涉及知识点：听力填空4．【T4】正确答案：more 涉及知识点：听力填空正确答案：reinterpreting them 涉及知识点：听力填空6．【T6】正确答案：uses it 涉及知识点：听力填空7．【T7】正确答案：assumes that they share 涉及知识点：听力填空Let me explain some of these in more detail. First, facial expression. Facial expression is a powerful【T1】______. We all know【T2】______ is an almost universal signal of pleasure or welcome. But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common. For instance,【T3】______ suggests that you are surprised or interested in something. Other facial actions, such as biting your lip, which indicates that you are deep in thinking, or are uncertain about something: compressing the lips, which show that you are【T4】______: and a visible clenching of the teeth, to show that you are angry, are all powerful conveyers of meaning, too. The second in this category is【T5】______. You see, we use gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings, though I have to emphasize that the actual gestures we use may be specific to 【T6】______ . That is to say different cultures have their【T7】______ in conveying meaning. Here, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be. In British English behavior, shrugging shoulders may indicate an attitude of “I don’t care”, or “I don’t know”. Crossing your arms may indicate【T8】______. But it can also powerfully show you are bored.【T9】______ can mean welcome and farewell while scratching your head may indicate that you are【T10】______. In other cultures, placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you are【T11】______. Pointing your finger at your nose means it’s a secret. That’s why we say that gestures are culture-bound.8．【T1】正确答案：conveyer of meaning 涉及知识点：听力填空9．【T2】正确答案：smiling 涉及知识点：听力填空10．【T3】正确答案：raising eye-brows 涉及知识点：听力填空正确答案：making decisions 涉及知识点：听力填空12．【T5】正确答案：gesture 涉及知识点：听力填空13．【T6】正确答案：particular cultures 涉及知识点：听力填空14．【T7】正确答案：own favorite gestures 涉及知识点：听力填空15．【T8】正确答案：relaxation 涉及知识点：听力填空16．【T9】正确答案：Waving 涉及知识点：听力填空17．【T10】正确答案：at a loss 涉及知识点：听力填空18．【T11】正确答案：telling the truth 涉及知识点：听力填空The third is proximity, posture and echoing. Proximity refers to the【T1】______ between speakers. This can indicate a number of things and can also be used to consciously send messages about【T2】______. Closeness, for example, indicates 【T3】______ or threat to many speakers. But distance may show formality, or【T4】______. Once again, I’d like to say, proximity is also both a matter of personal style, and is often【T5】______. So, what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another. And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as【T6】______, but completely out of place in other situations, such as a meeting with a superior. Next, posture. Posture means the way in which someone【T7】______, especially the back, shoulders and head, when standing, walking or sitting. A few examples. Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of whether the person is【T8】______. A lowered head when speaking to a superior, with or without eye contact, can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures. On the other hand,【T9】______, changes the nature of the interaction, and can be seen as either【T10】______. Last, echoing. Now, what is echoing? Let me start with an example. Some of you may have noticed this phenomenon in your experience. When two people are keen to agree with each other, they would likely, though unconsciously, adopt the same posture, as if an imitation of each other. They sit or stand in the same manner. When used in this way, echoing appears to complement the【T11】______. Of course, when such imitation is carried out consciously, it often indicates that someone is【T12】______ at another speaker.19．【T1】正确答案：physical distance 涉及知识点：听力填空20．【T2】正确答案：intent 涉及知识点：听力填空21．【T3】正确答案：intimacy 涉及知识点：听力填空22．【T4】正确答案：lack of interest 涉及知识点：听力填空23．【T5】正确答案：culture-bound 涉及知识点：听力填空24．【T6】正确答案：an informal party 涉及知识点：听力填空25．【T7】正确答案：holds his or her body 涉及知识点：听力填空26．【T8】正确答案：happy or not 涉及知识点：听力填空27．【T9】正确答案：direct level eye contact 涉及知识点：听力填空28．【T10】正确答案：open or challenging 涉及知识点：听力填空29．【T11】正确答案：verbal communication 涉及知识点：听力填空30．【T12】正确答案：mocking 涉及知识点：听力填空。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷82(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷82(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：UK Newspapers Last time we talked about the newspaper in the USA, and this time we shall focus on that of the UK. Because of the small geographical area of the UK, and the good travel infrastructure, there are many national newspapers—unlike the United States, where most newspapers are printed and published locally.(1)Unlike France, the main national papers are morning newspapers: indeed, there are no national evening titles. UK newspapers are generally grouped into three,—mass market newspaper in small size, or red-tops such as The Sun, middle-market newspaper in small size such as The Daily Mail, and quality broadsheets such as The Times. Unlike other European countries, there are no daily First, it’s size that matters.(2)In October 2003, quality broadsheet The Independent began producing what it preferred to call a compact edition —small-sized—along with the main broadsheet sized newspaper. This had a stunning effect on circulation—sales went up by 20% year-on-year—and The Times followed suit launching its own compact edition. Both newspapers are now exclusively available in compact form. The Guardian, which denounced the original shift to compact before planning and then junking its own compact format, switched in September 2005 to a mid-size format between newspaper in small size and broadsheet, known as the “Berliner”. This is roughly the same width as a newspaper in small size(thus easy to open using public transport), but taller, and therefore giving more flexibility in page design. Its sister paper The Observer also followed suit in January 2006. The Daily Telegraph is the only remaining weekday broadsheet. It apparently gained from The Times when the latter switched to newspaper in small size, and sees the broadsheet size as being a differentiator—some advertising has claimed that Telegraph readers have a “broader view”. (3)The Sunday Telegraph and most sections of The Sunday Times are also in broadsheet size. The second aspect is the political leanings in some papers. The two most-popular newspapers are The Sun and The Daily Mirror. Bitter rivals, the papers traditionally hold very differing political views.(4)The Sun being Conservative since the early 1970s, while The Mirror being Labor. The Sun veered towards Tony Blair’s Labor Party six weeks before his victory in 1997, and has supported Labor in subsequent generalelections in 2001 and 2005. However, recently the paper has been more critical of Gordon Brown, and more supportive of the leader of the opposition, David Cameron. Third,(5)the middle-market newspaper in small sizes, The Daily Mail and The Daily Express are concerned with a very different readership—that of affluent women. Weekend supplements and carefully-placed sponsorship ensure that these titles are a cheap alternative to a magazine, while sports supplements aimed at the husband aim to broaden their readership. The Daily Mail has a reliable right-wing agenda, and is mocked by some for their over alarmist headlines, particularly about political asylum seekers, house prices and “ things that give you cancer”—in 2009, The Daily Mail claimed in the same month that coffee would “give you cancer”, as well as “cure you from cancer”in different stories. However, its formula, said by former owner Lord Northcliffe to give his readers a “ daily hate” , has made The Daily Mail one of the most popular newspapers in the UK. Fourth,(6)the quality papers—the “broadsheets” , though not that size anymore, are probably the most famous to readers overseas. The Times, the UK’s oldest national newspaper, is not the most popular—that accolade falls to The Daily Telegraph, known affectionately as The Daily Torygraph because of the staunch support to the Conservative Party. The Independent, The Guardian and the financial newspaper The Financial Times make up the rest of the so-called quality papers. It’s important to notice, though, that the mass-market newspaper in small size sell up to four times as many copies as the broadsheets—and if you’re looking in vain for The London Times, such a newspaper title has never, in fact, existed—The Times has always been a national newspaper. The Guardian, once based in Manchester, was known as The Manchester Guardian until the sixties. Fifth,(7)a relatively recent phenomenon in the newspaper industry has been the free morning papers. Free weekly papers are fairly common, supported by advertising and carrying little in the way of editorial. But now, with the launch of Associate’s “Metro” and similar titles in many metropolitan areas, these newspapers thrive on public transport and in busy cities. Sixth,(8)consolidation seems one of the ways forward. The Times and The Sun’s parent company also owns Sky television, the UK’s satellite television service. The Guardian group now owns the Smooth FM and Real Radio stations, as well as probably the biggest Internet presence for a newspaper. On a local scale, the Kent Messenger group also owns the local KM fm radio stations in many areas of Kent, and aggressively cross-promotes them. New sizes and formats were held to arrest the decline of newspaper buying. In June 2004, newspaper sales were declining year-by-year by 4.7%—the only increases worldwide, in fact, coming in developing countries. However, reductions in size for some of the newspapers meant a temporary increase in circulation. And,(9)while newspaper sales have been slowly declining, consumption of news can be claimed to have vastly increased: whether from the Internet, or one of the many non-stop news channels available to UK viewers. Newspaper companies own their content. The best way of consumption of this content at present is on small sheets of dead, pulped, reformed, wood. It requires no recharging: losing a newspaper is not a major problem: and delivery and availability is easy.(10)However, all national papers now have their own websites: some are shifting classified advertising away from the printed paper.Content is a useful commodity—and the way this is presented in the future may well change. The cleverest newspapers will adapt to use their content in different ways. Thank you for attending the lecture. If you have interests in other topics, please tell me now and we will talk about it next time.UK Newspapers I . Brief introduction—many national newspapers—no national【B1】______titles【B1】______—being divided into three groups: mass market newspaper, middle-market newspaper, quality broadsheets II. Several particular aspects about UK NewspapersA. Size—The Independent, The Times producing【B2】______edition【B2】______—The Guardian, The Observer switching to “Berliner”—The Daily Telegraph, The Sunday Telegraph, and most parts of TheSunday Times being in【B3】______size【B3】______B. Political leanings—The Sun being Conservative, The Daily Mirror being【B4】______【B4】______C. The middle-market newspaper—particular readership—【B5】______women【B5】______—a cheap substitute for magazine—sports sections aiming at the husband—being most popular for being ironyD. The quality papers being most famous to readers【B6】______【B6】______E. The free【B7】______appearing recently【B7】______F. One of the ways forward:【B8】______【B8】______III. The development of Newspaper Company in different ways—new sizes and formats held to arrest the decline in sales—declined sales but increased【B9】______of news【B9】______—companies owning their own content1)the best way to consume the content being on small sheets2)most companies having their own【B10】______【B10】______1．【B1】正确答案：evening解析：本题设题点在对比处。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷297(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷297(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.听力原文：W: Today we have the famous children’s books writer, Grant R. Philips here. I’m Liana. Thanks for your coming, Mr. Philips.M: It’s my pleasure.W: Could you tell us how and when did you get started as a writer?M: Growing up I hated reading. I did all I could to avoid books. Turns out later I learned I was suffering from a reading comprehension disability. It wasn’t until 7th grade that things changed. My English teacher announced that we’d be reading 4 books written by S.E. Hinton that year, respectively The Outsiders, Rumble Fish, Tex and That Was Then This Is Now. She explained that Hinton was 16 when she wrote The Outsiders. From page one until the end of the book, I was catapulted into another world. The book amazed me. I thought about it for days after reading it. I could not wait to read another book. And it was like that for all of Hinton’s books. Before I knew what was happening to me, I was buying books in stores and reading at least a book a month. And I knew, at age 13, that I wanted to be a writer. When I was a freshman in high school, I wrote a short story about a busboy working at a party house. It was published in the school’s annual magazine. My career, you might say, had begun.W: How do you usually find your ideas?M: It’s a great question. One I can’t answer in black and white. Sometimes I get a character in mind. Sometimes a plot, or a twist ending. Lots of times I just start writing and see where it leads me. Occasionally I get inspired with something that has a beginning, middle and end.W: Did you ever get any rejections of your works?M: Hmmm. Maybe only enough to wallpaper my entire house, monthly. Part of being a writer is having a thick skin. Finding an interested editor, I believe, has to do a lot with luck and timing.W: If yes, how did you react to them?M: There are two types of rejections. Form Letter and what I call Positive Rejection. A Form Letter is just like it sounds, no signature or a rubber-stamp signature. You wonder if they didn’t just open your submission, attach a Form Letter, and return it to you without so much as reading a word. A little depressing at times. But what can you do? The Positive Rejection is when an editor actually takes the time to personalize the rejection letter in some way. “Close, try us with your next story idea.”Anything that makes it more than just a Form Letter Rejection. Those I consider inspiring.1. What happened to Philips whenhe was under 7th grader?2. According to Philips, what inspires him to begin his career as a writer?3. How does Mr. Philips usually find his idea?4. Why does Philips say that a writer should have a thick skin?5. What can we learn about the two types of rejections?1．A．He hated growing up.B．He read 4 books written by Hinton.C．He had difficulties in reading.D．He determined to be a writer.正确答案：C解析：访谈一开始，作家就说他小时候很不喜欢看书，后来发现他有阅读障碍。

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星期2 Tuesday预测试题二In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is(are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Section B InterviewIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following is CORRECT?[A] The man is to advertise for his new book.[B] The man specializes in communication.[C] His talk is about communication techniques.[D] His talk is actually an autobiography.2. The man did all the following EXCEPT ______ to better his presentation performance.[A] consulting some relevant books[B] communicating with good speakers[C] observing the preparation of good speakers[D] doing performance comparison with good speakers3. The man recommends the method of ______ to give a better presentation.[A] practicing it before colleagues[B] recording practice presentation rather than using colleagues[C] asking colleagues to examine the recorded practice presentation[D] learning from other real presentation videos4. Which of the following is NOT what speakers tend to worry about when making a presentation?[A] Too much nervousness.[B] Rude audience.[C] Self diffidence.[D] Equipment failure.5. In the man’s view, the way of really overcoming nervousness is[A] preparing well.[B] relaxing face muscles.[C] concentrating on your recent enjoyments.[D] doing breathing exercises.Section C News BroadcastIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Question 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6. Which of the following in INCORRECT about the summit on Nuclear Security?[A] It is the biggest international meeting since 1945.[B] More than 50 countries have attended it.[C] It is hosted by the US and called by President Obama.[D] Ukraine has attended the summit.7. The content of the summit is[A] securing stocks of fissile material.[B] highly enriched uranium.[C] plutonium.[D] material terrorists use to build nuclear bombs.Question 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.8. What is the news mainly talking about?[A] A broken well leading to large oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.[B] The high cost of tackling oil spill.[C] Large number of people and boats being sent to help with the oil spill.[D] The high compensation claims the oil company is facing.9. The initially calculated figure of everyday cost is[A] $33m.[B] more than $33m.[C] more than $6.6m.[D] less than $6.6m.Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.10. Which of the following is NOT true about the explosion?[A] It could be heard from more than 8 km away.[B] It caused a woman injured.[C] The bomb was placed next to the wall housing women prisoners.[D] It exploded 20 minutes after the warning was received.W: Welcome to 'Mid Afternoon,' Dr Carter. [1.A]Now, I imagine you're here in Birmingham to promote your recently published book 'The Art of Giving Presentations', Is that right?M: Well, not really, no! In fact the book isn't really recent at all — it came out at the beginning of last year, I'm actually here this week to give a series of talks outlining some ideas I've had since then.W: So are these ideas the basis for your next book?M: Well, it's really too early to talk about that!W: I see, now tell me, [1.B]how did you become involved in this particular area of communication skills?M: Well, many years ago, as a young sales executive, I had to give presentations, but I felt I wasn't doing them very well. My boss never actually criticized me, and my colleagues weren't doing any better than me, but the point was that I didn't feel satisfied with my performance. You see, if I'm doing something, I have to do it well.W: So you decided to do something about improving your performance.M: That's right. [2.A]I tried to find some books to help me but there weren't really any available in those days... so I eventually decided on a totally practical approach: [2.B] [2.C] [2.D]I tried to find out what my problem was by studying the way the best speakers gave presentations, by talking to them, even watching them prepare. Then I compared their performance with mine. W: And what was your main problem? Nervousness? I know that's mine.M: Well I had always thought it was nervousness, and it's true that at the time I had no techniques for dealing with that. But I think audiences accept the fact that speakers get nervous, and it really doesn't matter. No, I discovered that my No. 1 problem was preparation. Nobody had ever told me anything about how to prepare, and I didn't really know how to do it properly. W: And when you realized that, what did you change?M: Well, before, I used to go through the whole presentation in an empty room on my own. The first change in my approach came when I realized it's much more realistic and much more useful to do it in front of two or three colleagues.That way you get some feedback. Otherwise you have no idea whether or not your presentation is effective, or which parts might need further attention.W: Is that the method you recommend now?M: Well, not quite. What I would advise is to make a video of your practice presentation...W: Instead of using colleagues?M: No, [3.C]a recording of your presentation to them. Then it's easier for all of you to go back and see what's wrong and how it can be improved. It's actually much better than recording other people doing real presentations, however good they are.W: So that's the preparation, but are there any factors which make the presentation itself difficult, even if you are prepared?M: Well obviously, yes. [4.B]Some speakers imagine, quite wrongly, that every audience is unfriendly, at least at the beginning. And this affects their performance. [4.C]And then there may be a few people who worry about their lack of experience of public speaking. [4.D]But really what bothers most speakers is things like the OHP and the microphone - are they going to work, and so on.W: Are there any techniques that are effective for overcoming feelings of anxiety?M: Well, first I have to say that some people never manage to reduce their anxiety levels. What they can do is learn to relax their face muscles while they speak, so that they look relaxed, even though they feel just as anxious as before. In order to really reduce anxiety, some experts recommend concentrating on something that you enjoyed recently —but I find this is hopeless... I just forget what I was about to say! [5.D]For me though, what has worked is some simple breathing exercises, breathing in deeply and slowly while making a pause. This definitely slows down the heart rate. That's what I would try first of all.W: Something we can all try — Dr Carter, thank you very much indeed.Section C News BroadcastNews Item 1News Item 2。