2018上海市华师大二附中英语高三上学期周测.docx

华师大二附中高三英语周测试卷
2018.9
I.Listening Comprehension(略)
II.Grammar and Vocabulary(25%)
Section A
Directions:After reading the passage below.fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word ill in each blank with the proper form of
the given word.for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.
Thai officials said all12members of a boys’soccer team and their coach(21)_________(rescue) from deep inside a flooded cave in northern Thailand.We are not sure(22)__________this is a miracle,a science,or what.All13Wild Boars are now out of the cave.Everyone is safe,"the SEALS wrote on Facebook.The Wild Boars is the team's name.The12boys and the coach got (23)___________(trap)on June23when they set out to explore the Tham Luang cave after a soccer workout.British divers found them in a partly flooded passage several kilometers inside the cave on July2.
Rainy season
Monsoon rains have started falling again in Thailand.The rainfall causes water levels inside the cave to rise.
Experts wamed it was extremely risky to dive the youngsters out of the cave.(24)___________of
the boys had ever dived before.Some of them do not even know how to swim.But a short period
of(25)_____________(heavy)rainfall this week made the rescue mission possible.
A team of Thai and international divers guided the boys and their coach out through a nearly four kilometer long passageway,Two divers helped each one make his way through dark,very narrow passages,some of(26)____________are filled with dirty water.
Condition of the boys
Thai Health Secretary Jedsada Chokdumrongsuk told reporters earlier on Tuesday that two of the
first eight rescued boys had lung infections.He added that all of them were generally healthy and
in good spirits,(27)_____________________their"high immunity"from playing football.
The boys are expected to leave Chiang Rai Prachanukroh Hospital on Thursday, (28)___________many are still on antibiotics（抗生素）.They will be watched for signs of
psychological distress,which(29)____________only become evident in the months to come.The
boys have been advised(30)_____________giving media interviews，which experts say could trigger a post-traumatic（创伤后）reaction。

The boys'nail-biting tragedy-tumed-survival-story has been followed by millions worldwide since 23June,when they walked into the Tham Luang cave after football practice.only to be trapped by
monsoon floods.
Section B
Directions:Complete the passage with the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.recovery
B.occasional
C.extension
D.weighs
E.deprivation
F.maximum
G.anticipates
H.multiple
I.sufficient
J.ideal
K.rolls
Ceaseless technology.A punishing workweek.That-to-do list that keeps multiplying.It is no wonder many of us find it difficult to have a(n)(31)____________amount of sleep.But will sleeping more on the weekend make up for hours of lost snoozing?One sleep expert, W.Christopher Winter,MD(医学博士),(32)____________in.
Getting eight hours of shut-eye night is generally recommended,but many people don’t.As
the week(33)____________from Monday to Friday,they accumulate a sleep debt.Spending a few extra hours in bed on a Saturday morning,people assume,will help them“catch up”on lost sleep. They are likely right.”Nobody knows how long the horizon is,probably a few nights,but studies show that(34)____________sleep in a short term does work,says Dr.Winter,a member of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.”
Sleep Banking
Recent data suggests that banking sleep in advance of a long night can actually offset upcoming sleep(35)____________.If you knew you were going to have to stay up all night on a particular
day,for example,you could sleep for10hours a day for(36)____________days before the event,
and be fine,Dr.Winters says.Just plan ahead.
Routine Naps
A scheduled nap is healthier than catching up on or banking sleep.“Because sleep(37)____________can make you feel groggy(昏昏沉沉的),I always recommend a short nap
if a person feels they need it,at the same time,every day.”says Dr.Winter.He adds that
25minutes is(38)____________.“When you schedule a short nap,our body(39)____________it
and slows down,without falling into a deep dream sleep,”he says.That refreshing,scheduled break is better than a(n)(40)____________weekend lie-in(懒觉).“The body likes routine,”he says.“When it’s prepared,it works more efficiently.”
IIl.Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked4,B,
C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Every human being has unique arrangement of skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable.Scientists and experts have proved the41of finger-prints and discovered that no42similar pattern is43from parents to children,44nobody knows why this is the45.
The ridge46on a person’finger doesn’t change with growth and is not affected by47injuries.Burns,cuts and other damages to the outer part of the skin will be replaced in time by a new one which bears the reproduction of the48pattern.It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be49Some criminals make use of this to50their own finger-prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to take.
Finger-prints can be made very easily with a printer’s ink.They can be recorded easily.With special method,51can be achieved successfully within a short time.52the simplicity and economy of this system,finger-print have often been used as a method of solving criminal cases.A53man may deny the charge but this may be54.His finger-prints can prove who he is even his55has been changed by age or accident.
elessness B.quantity C.magnitude D.uniqueness
42.A.naturally B.exactly C.especially D.particularly
43.A.passed on B.passed away C.passed out D.passed off
44.A.if B.when C.though D.as
45.A.reason B.cause C.ground D.case
46.A.construction B.structure C.location D.position
47.A.grave B.severe C.substantial D.superficial
48.A.original B.different C.definite D.customary
49.A.restored B.hurt C.destroyed D.restricted
50.A.diminish B.dispose C.undermine D.remove
51.A.realization B.detection C.identification D.investigation
52.A.In spite of B.Irrespective of C.Because of D.In case of
53.A.suspected B.doubted C.distrusted D.doubtful
54.A.out of case B.in vain C.at random D.in question
55.A.look B.expression C.appearance D.sight
Section B(30%)
Directions：Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Gone are the days when patients of the National Health Service expected doctors to decide which treatment they would have,and where.Today's patients are meant to make up their own minds Convinced that consumer choice is the key to improving health care,in2005the government launched"Choose and Book",a computerized system that patients and family doctors could use together to select health-care providers.But take-up has been disappointing.Only40of referrals(转诊)are now made this way,far short of the governments target of90%.Doctors say the system is slow and hard to use.In June the acting chairman of the British Association described it as a"chaotic shambles".
Such problems are worrying but should,over time,be fixable.More serious is the fact that patients -are indeed family doctors-lack much useful information on which to base their choices. Specialists do not have to make public how well they perform the treatments prescribed,and often do not know themselves how they measure up.
Slowly,this information drought is easing,Last year,hospitals that perform heart surgery began
publishing survival rates,along with the rates that,on Europe-wide calculations,they would have expected given the particular patients they treated.Heart surgeons have taken a lead for-two reasons.One is that results are easy to measure:a surgeon whose patient survives has already provided a significant proof of competence.The other is that the specialty was shaken by the findings in2001of an inquiry into the deaths of heart patients at Bristol Royal Infirmary.It concluded that between T984and1995at least30children died because of the unit poor standards, and that although concerns had been raised repeatedly,nothing had actually been done.
Officials are working to offer similar information in other areas,June saw the launch of NHS Choices,a website where patients can compare health-care providers on several measures,so far mostly matters such as waiting lists and cleanliness rather than success rates.By April2008it will cover all specialties，and frantic（紧张忙乱的）work is being done to provide meaningful indicators in fields where mere survival is not a useful measure.
Some worry that there will be unintended consequences,no matter how carefully data are adjusted to account for differences among the patients treated.They point to school league-tables.which are often blamed for encourage school to push pupils towards easier subjects and to manipulate(控制)admission so as to get rid of hard-to-teach children.No doubt there will be teething(初期的) troubles.
But patients need objective information if they are to take charge of their medical destinies and, incidentally,improve the country's health care with it.
rmation on the performance of medical care providers can be obtained from________.
A.National Health Service
B.Choose and Book
C.British Medical Association
D.NHS Choices
57.Heart surgeons pioneer in making survival rates public because_________.
A.heart disease seriously threatens human health
B.the National Health Service ordered them to do so
C.they want to rescue the reputation of their specialty
D.heart surgery has a lower success rate than other specialties
58.School league tables are mentioned to suggest that the publication of medical performance data
_______.
A.cannot help specialists measure their performance
B.cannot help patients decide where to go for surgery
C.might cause unfair competition among medical care providers
D.might mislead health-care providers to focus on performance measures
59.What's the authors attitude towards patients'deciding their medical treatment?
A.Optimistic
B,Doubtful
C.Indifferent
D.Worried
(B)
The steady increase in global temperatures has been particularly disastrous for the polar ice caps Experts warn that if this trend continues,there will be no late summer ice in the Arctic region by
the2030s.The most effective solution,of course,is to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions before
it's too late.
The latest idea comes from Steven Desch.In the proposal,the team suggests using large pumps to draw water from beneath the ice and spray it on the surface.Since that is the coldest part,it will
cause the water to freeze rapidly.The pumps,kept afloat with buoys,will be powered by the high Arctic winds,hamessed by windmills.To maximize the impact,the process would take place during winter.
The researchers estimate that ten million pumps would be required to increase the thickness of the
ice sheet by about1meter over the course of a winter.
Though the idea is certainly intriguing,it is not easy to implement.Desch and his team estimate
that the refreezing would cost at least S50billion annually and it would take about a decade to restore the Arctic ice shelf entirely.
Julienne Stroeve says that global warming caused by the increasing carbon dioxide levels cannot
be stopped,even if the ice refreezing works as planned.Also,since the Arctic would continue to receive the excess heat from the lower latitudes through atmospheric and ocean circulation,it
would mitigate(减轻)any refreezing efforts.Desch agrees and admits that his idea is a band-aid, not the solution.However,he argues that the Arctic ice shelf is crucial for our future well-being and we should do everything we can to restore it.
Previous proposals include artificial whitening of the poles by spraying aerosol particles to reflect sunlight back into the atmosphere and creating artificial clouds to stop the sunlight from reaching the surface altogether.Unfortunately,none of the projects have seen the light of the day due to the huge costs associated with each.But Desch and his team are not discouraged.They are currently working on building a phototype to show the world that the plan is not as strange as it sounds.
60.What idea Did Desch think out to restore the Arctic ice?
A.To pump and freeze water from beneath the ice
B.To reduce the high Arctic winds.
C.To spray water on the surface of the Earth.
D.To pile the ice sheets together in winter.
61.What does the underlined part mean?
A.The projects remain to be improved later
B.The projects are the results of secret decisions
C.The projects haven't been carried out at all.
D.The projects have been in store for use.
62.What might be the best title for the text?
A.Will the Arctic Be Covered with Ice Again?
B.Does the Ice Really Melt in the Arctic?
C.Are Pumps Being Used in the Arctic?
D.Can Giant Pumps Help Refreeze the Arctic?
（C）
Cryptic coloring is by far the commonest use of color in the struggle for existence.It is employed for the purpose of attack(aggressive resemblance or anticryptic coloring)as well as of defense(protective resemblance or procryptic coloring).The fact that the same method
concealment,may be used both for attack and defense has been well explained by T.Belt who suggests as an illustration the rapidity of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued,which is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest through a series of generations.Cryptic coloring is commonly associated with other aids in the struggle for life.Thus well-concealed mammals and birds,when discovered,will generally endeavor to escape by speed and will often attempt to defend themselves actively.On the other hand,small animals which have no means of active defense,such as large,numbers of insects, frequently depend upon concealment alone.Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance,in correspondence with the fact that predaceous forms are as
a rule much larger and much less numerous than their prey.In the case of insectivorous V ertebrata
and their prey such differences exist in an exaggerated form.Cryptic coloring,whether used for defense of attack,may be either general or special.In general resemblance the animal,in consequence of its coloring,produces the same effect as its environment,but the conditions do not require any special adaptation of shape and outline.General resemblance is especially common among the animal inhabiting some uniformly colored expanse of the earth’s surface,such as an ocean or a desert.In the former,animals of all shapes are frequently protected by their transparent
blue color,on the latter,equally diverse forms are defended by their sandy appearance.The effect
of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast.Thus the
black and white stripes of the zebra blend together at a little distance,and“their proportion is such
as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight.”Special resemblance is far commoner than general and is the form which is usually met with on the diversified surface of the earth,on the shores,and in shallow water,as well as on the floating masses of algae on the surface of the ocean,such as the Sargasso Sea.In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape,and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular plete stillness and the assumption of a certain attitude play an essential part in general resemblance on land;but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized,and perhaps more important than any other element in the complex method by which concealment is effected.In special resemblance the combination of coloring,shape,and attitude is such as to produce a more or less exact resemblance to some one of
the objects in the environment,such as a leaf of twig,a patch of lichen,a flake of bark.In all cases
the resemblance is to some object which is of no interest to the enemy or prey respectively.The
animal is not hidden from view by becoming indistinguishable from its background as in the case
of general resemblance,but it is mistaken for some well-know object.
In seeking the interpretation of these most interesting and elaborate adaptations,attempts have been made along two lines.The first seeks to explain the effect as a result of the direct influence of the environment upon the individual(G.L.L.Buffon),or by the inherited effects of efforts and the use and disuse of parts(marck).The second believes that natural selection produced the result and afterwards maintained it by the survival of the best concealed in each generation.The former suggestion breaks down when the complex nature of numerous special resemblances is appreciated.Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attitude.The latter is instinctive and thus depends on the central nervous system.
The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors;and in the present state of science,the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory of natural selection,which can accumulate any and every variation which tends toward survival.A few of the chief types of methods by which concealment is effected may be briefly described.The colors of large numbers
of vertebrate animals are darkest on the back and become gradually lighter on the sides,passing
into white on the belly.Abbot H.Thayer has suggested that this gradation obliterates the appearance of solidity,which is due to shadow.The color harmony,which is also essential to concealment,is produced because the back is of the same tint as the environment(e.g.earth), bathed in the cold blue-white of the sky,while the belly,being cold blue-white and bathed in shadow and yellow earth reflections produces the same effects.This method of neutralizing shadow for the purpose of concealment by increased lightness of tint was first suggested by E.B.Poulton in the case of a larva and a pupa,but he did not appreciate the great importance of the principle.In an analogous method an animal in front of a background of dark shadow may have
part of its body obliterated by the existence of a dark tint,the remainder resembling,e.g.,a part of
a leaf.This method of rendering invisible any part which would interfere with the resemblance is
well know in mimicry.
63.The black and white stripes of the zebra are most useful form
A.hunters.
B.nocturnal predators
C.lions and tigers.
D.insectivorous V ertrbrata
64.Aggressive resemblance occurs when
A.a predaceous attitude is assumed.
B.special resemblance is utilized.
C.an animal relies on speed.
D.an animal blends in with its background.
65.Special resemblance differs from general resemblance in that the animal relies on
A.its ability to frighten its adversary.
B.speed.
C.its ability to assume an attitude.
D.mistaken identify
66.The title below that best expresses the ides of this passage is
A.Cryptic coloration for Protection.
B.How Animals Survive.
C.The uses of Mimicry in Nature.
D.Resemblances of Animals. Directions:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.The non-stop of blogs is in part due to money.
B.The phenomenon of blogging exploded.
C.Now blogging is not as popular as it used to be ten years ago.
D.Then in1999a fellow diarist jokingly wrote the word as“we blog”and soon the English language had a new verb“to blog”.
E.Now it is accepted that blogs have redefined journalism.
F.Those who used to work for newspapers and magazines started to turn to blogging.
All about...Blogs
Diary writing has been part of literature all over the world since prehistoric times.And online diaries are making the genre more popular than ever.
The first is thought to be Justin Hall’s Links from the Underground.Justin wrote a detailed。