英语语言学大全 ppt课件
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level. 举例： Sounds > syllables > words > phrases > clauses > sentences>
texts/discourses
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
3） Creativity/Productivity（创造性）: 定义：Language can be used to create new meanings because of its duality
举例1：/k/ ,/a:/, /p/---- carp or park 举例2：England, defeated, France England defeated France. France defeated England.
1)Arbitrariness（任意性） 2)Duality(二层性) 3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性) 4)Displacement（移位性） 5)Cultural Transmission(文化传递性)
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
1）Arbitrariness(任意 性):
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
1) Descriptive （描述性） vs. Prescriptive （规定性） Descriptive: describing how things are. prescriptive: prescribing how things ought to be
3). langue（语言） & parole （言语）
Theorist：Saussure （索绪尔）, father of modern linguistics
langue: abstract linguistic system
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
1. design feature of language（语言的定义特征) defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication
如何记忆: 五性，创意遗传
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
4. Important Distinctions in Linguistics (语言学研究中几对重要的概念) 1) descriptive & prescriptive 2) synchronic & diachronic 3) langue & parole 4) competence & performance
4）Displacement（替代性）:
定义：Human languages enable their users to symbolize something which are not present at the moment of communication.
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
定义：the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.
举例： 书, book, livre 喜欢，like，aimer
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
2）Duality（二层性）: 定义：the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the
举例： Don't say X. People don't say X. The first is a prescriptive command, while the second is a descriptive
statement.
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
2). Synchronic（共时性） vs. Diachronic （历时性） synchronic: takes a fixed instant as its point of observation. diachronic: the study of a language through the course of its history.
语言学知识点
Mr.Potato
I 语言学导论 II 语言学主要分支学科 III 语言学的流派和理论
1. design feature of language （语言的定义特征）
2. Language Families (世界语言分类) 3. important distinctions in linguistics (语言学研究中几对重要的概念) 4. scope of linguistics (语言学的研究范围)
5） Cultural Transmission（文来自百度文库传 递性）:
定义：language is passed on from generation to generation through teaching and learning rather than instinct.
反例：印度狼孩
1)Arbitrariness（任意性） 2)Duality(二层性) 3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性) 4)Displacement（移位性） 5)Cultural Transmission(文化传递性)
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
举例： 研究1800年的英语发音 Synchronic studies (共时性研究)
研究1800-1900的法语语法变化 Diachronic studies (历时研究)
Important Distinctions in
Linguistics
texts/discourses
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
3） Creativity/Productivity（创造性）: 定义：Language can be used to create new meanings because of its duality
举例1：/k/ ,/a:/, /p/---- carp or park 举例2：England, defeated, France England defeated France. France defeated England.
1)Arbitrariness（任意性） 2)Duality(二层性) 3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性) 4)Displacement（移位性） 5)Cultural Transmission(文化传递性)
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
1）Arbitrariness(任意 性):
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
1) Descriptive （描述性） vs. Prescriptive （规定性） Descriptive: describing how things are. prescriptive: prescribing how things ought to be
3). langue（语言） & parole （言语）
Theorist：Saussure （索绪尔）, father of modern linguistics
langue: abstract linguistic system
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
1. design feature of language（语言的定义特征) defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication
如何记忆: 五性，创意遗传
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
4. Important Distinctions in Linguistics (语言学研究中几对重要的概念) 1) descriptive & prescriptive 2) synchronic & diachronic 3) langue & parole 4) competence & performance
4）Displacement（替代性）:
定义：Human languages enable their users to symbolize something which are not present at the moment of communication.
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
定义：the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.
举例： 书, book, livre 喜欢，like，aimer
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
2）Duality（二层性）: 定义：the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the
举例： Don't say X. People don't say X. The first is a prescriptive command, while the second is a descriptive
statement.
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
2). Synchronic（共时性） vs. Diachronic （历时性） synchronic: takes a fixed instant as its point of observation. diachronic: the study of a language through the course of its history.
语言学知识点
Mr.Potato
I 语言学导论 II 语言学主要分支学科 III 语言学的流派和理论
1. design feature of language （语言的定义特征）
2. Language Families (世界语言分类) 3. important distinctions in linguistics (语言学研究中几对重要的概念) 4. scope of linguistics (语言学的研究范围)
5） Cultural Transmission（文来自百度文库传 递性）:
定义：language is passed on from generation to generation through teaching and learning rather than instinct.
反例：印度狼孩
1)Arbitrariness（任意性） 2)Duality(二层性) 3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性) 4)Displacement（移位性） 5)Cultural Transmission(文化传递性)
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
举例： 研究1800年的英语发音 Synchronic studies (共时性研究)
研究1800-1900的法语语法变化 Diachronic studies (历时研究)
Important Distinctions in
Linguistics