《英美概况(二)》(专升本)练习题

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英美概况课后习题答案

1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies men tioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

《最新英美概况》练习参考答案解析[美国部分](最新整理)

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3. The stars and strips have different meanings. Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteen colonies before the independence of America.
the Second Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.
2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteen colonies. White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.
Anacreontic Song” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).
(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and was made the national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by President Herbert Hoover.

英美概况.英美概况(二)练习题及答案docx

《英美概况（二）》练习题一答案套一、答案I．Fill in the following blanks in English1. cotton2. Indians3. Superior; Michigan; Huron; Erie; Ontario; Michigan; Canada4. 16075. 126. winner-take-all; majority /2707. Vice- Presidency8.18549. private10. Pittsburg 11. space 12. Scandinavian 13. Civil Rights Movement 14. 88 000, 18 00015. 1922 16. four 17. IndependenceII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1. C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.C7.B8.C9.D 10.B11.B 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.D 20.DIII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.T2. F3. F4.F5. T6. F7.F8.T9. T 10.TIII. Define the following terms1. Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, which was named after Elihu Yale, an early patron and was chartered in 1701. It consists of Yale College for men, three other undergraduate schools for men and women, and eight graduate schools for men and women.2. It is the largest and most famous American stock market. Located on Wall Street in New York City, it centralizes the trading of stock of over 3000 corporations, and hundreds of millions of shares are bought and sold there each day.3.The second continental congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of the troops around Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence. IV. Answer the following questions1.In the post World War 11 decade, the United States was the richest nation in the world. After a brief period of postwar adjustment, the economy boomed. Consumers demanded goods and services. Businesses produced more to meet this demand. With 6 percent of the world' s population, the United States produced half the world's goods. As productivity rose, the labor market changed. Employment grew rapidly in the service sector, which includes sales work, office work, and government jobs. Federal foreign aid programs provided overseas markets for US businesses. Finally, the government spent large amounts of money by providing loans, fighting the Cold War, and finding social programs. Technological advances, many achieved with federate aid, ushered in new industries and sped up the pace of production in old ones. Government spending plus consumer demand led to an era of widespread prosperity, rising living standards, and social mobility…2. The mass education can provide free public education for all of American children and improve the whole quality of American citizenries, while it also has caused several problems. One criticism is that basic education in the United States catered to the “least common denominator”,meaning the teacher gives attention to theslower learners while the brighter students become bored and lose interest in learning. A related issue involves "mainstreaming", a program which allows physically and mentally handicapped children to attend the same classes with children without these problems. While parents of handicapped children want their children to be included, other parents are concerned that their children are not receiving the best possible education because the teacher spends a great deal of time helping the disadvantaged students. Moreover, the costs for educating handicapped exceed the costs for educating other children.套二、答案I. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A6.C7.B8.B9.C 10.D11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DII. Explain the following terms1. The Boston Massacre took place before the American War of Independence. In 1768 some English troopswere sent to the colonies to help tax-collectors. The people of the colonies hated these soldiers. In the spring of 1770 in Boston, a soldier was hit by a club and at last some of the troops fired and killed four people, with many wounded. This is known as Boston Massacre. After the event, Boston was in an uproar. A big meeting was called, demanding that the English troops should be removed. This showed that the people in the colonies began their struggle against the British rule.2. This is a kind of principle in American Presidential election. If the voters of a state choose presidential electors,they have to choose between a Democratic list and a Republican list because of the American two-party system. If the candidates of a party for “ele c tors” in a given state receive a majority of the total vote, then the party is entitled to have all the electoral votes for that state, even though a presidential receives only slightly more than electoral votes of that stat e. This system is known as the “winner-take-all” principle.3. In American political system, the American Constitution divides the powers of the government into threebranches —the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial. According to the Constitution the powers of the three branches should be separated and kept balanced. The Constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents any one branch from gaining undue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches and this is called the “system of checks and balances”.4. The American Civil Rights Movement mainly refers to the American black people's struggle against the racialdiscrimination in 1960s. As early as in 1950s, the black people once struggled against segregation in schools.In 1960, the blacks in 20 states held a large-scale sit-in demonstration protesting against racial segregation. In 1961 the blacks held a freedom-rides against segregation on buses. Under the outstanding leader Martin Luther King, the Civil Rights Movement went still further in mid-1960s. There was a march on Washington for “Jobs and Freedom”. So in 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed. This movement shows the American black people's bravery and confidence in their struggles for equal rights and liberty.5. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York. Wall Street was the northern limit of New York in 1653,when the Dutch built a wooden palisade here to protect the colony from Indian attack. Now it is the center of one of the most important financial districts in the world, and the name Wall Street is often used to mean the Stock Exchange or American finance in general. Wall Street is the symbol of American monopoly capitalism. III. Answer the following questions1. During American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln took two important measures, one is the “Homestead Bill”,the other is the “Emancipation Proclamation”. During the first stage of the war from 1861 to 1862, the North was in an unfavorable condition. The North army could not get much support from farmers and Negroes, because many farmers had not got enough land and Negroes had been still enslaved. So they had no interest in the war. In order to get support from the broad masses, Lincoln took these two measures. In May 1862 Lincoln issued the Homestead Bill, and this stimulated the development of capitalist agriculture in the South, greatly encouraged farmers. In September 1962, Lincoln issued the famous “Emancipation Proclamation”, freeing a great number of the slaves in the South and permitting them to join the armed forces of the North.After issuing the two measures, Lincoln's army became much stronger and got more support from the broad masses. Finally Lincoln won the war.2. In the U.S. government there are three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial branches.The executive branch is headed by the President, consists of eleven departments and many independent agencies, including the postal service. The President, as the chief executive, performs many functions.He is the head of the government and chief of state. The President can negotiate foreign treaties, appoint government officials, command the armed forces, send and receive diplomatic officials. In fact he makes foreign policy. He also in e ach year submits to Congress a “State of the Union Message”, budget message and other reports. He may introduce legislative bill to Congress. The President has great power in the government. The legislative branch refers to Congress. Only Congress has the right; to make laws. It is the supreme legislative body of the nation, It is made of two houses —the senate and the House of the Representatives. The judicial branch refers to the Supreme Court and some inferior courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court of the whole land and has the sole right to interpret the Constitution and review laws to see whether they are in agreement with the Constitution. The Supreme Court is headed by a Chief Justice and eight other justices.套三、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. Harvard,2. the end of American Civil War,3.Orthodox Eastern Church,4. Louisiana,5. arrow and heart.6. patriotism; American ideals,7. individuals,8. New Year’s Day;Santa Claus; North Pole; Christmas Eve; sleigh; reindeer; Christmas treeII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct answer. (10%)1. A2.C.3.D4.B5.C6. D7.B8.A9.A 10.DIII. Explain the following terms.1. When Franklin D. Rooselvelt was elected American President in 1982, American was in the Great Depression. In order to save the situation, he made a program to deal with the economic emergency. This program is known as the “ New Deal “. According to the “New Deal”, Roosevelt took efforts to consolidate the old marker at abroad and also to conquer new ones. At home, many public project, were launched to create employment through a huge increase in government responsibility. Crops were destroyed and agriculture production was cut down to stabilize the falling farm prices. The big industries were compelled to make reforms. Roosevelt also took some measures of “social security”, paying pension to the old, unemployed and the injur ed. The “New Deal”relaxed the economic crisis, made some concessions to the working people. The more important thing is that the Roosevelt Government carried out a progressive foreign policy against fascist aggression and wars.2. It is the largest library in the USA. It serves as a reference library. In 1800 Congress passed legislation founding the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., which was initially established to serve the needs of the members of Congress. Since then, this extraordinary collecti on has become one of the world’s great libraries and a depository for every work copyrighted in the United States. The library is open to the public and maintains major collections of papers, photographs, films, maps, and music.3.In brief, the mass media, including the press, radio, TV and Internet, is the methods of communication for the people. They offer general and narrow audiences with ideas, information and entertainment.4. V oice of America is the most famous of the radio stations of the America. It is started on the air in WashingtonD.C. in 1942 in the Second World War as a speaker for war information. VOA programs include news, commentary, popular music and features about American culture. Owing to its external service function, now it has 16 broadcasting stations, and about 40 foreign languages were used besides English, ranging from Albanian to Chinese. Some advanced technology such as relay facilities and satellites are used to send programs overseas.5. A famous novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852. The novel described the cruel things that might happen to a slave under a cruel master. It had a very strong influence and aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.IV. Answer the following questions.1. By the end of the 19th century the United States had grown into a highly developed industrial country andreached the stage of imperialism. Then it began its overseas expansion. Hawaii fell into her control in 1893. In 1898 U. S. Congress declared war on Spain. It invaded China by means of both force and culture. In 1906 it put down the Cuban uprising. During the two world wars, the U.S. also extended its economic and military influences over Far East, Europe and the Pacific Region. After the war, the U. S. started it s “Cold War”, and established NATO against the Soviet Union. In 1950 it invaded Korea. In 1964 the U. S. started long year's Vietnam War. In 1990s the U. S. attacked Iraq and Kosovo. In a word , the United States never stops its aggression and expansion.2. (1) The system of the Gulf: The Mississippi River and its tributaries form an important inland navigation andirrigation system. (2) The system of the Atlantic: The Hudson River, linked by canals with the five Great Lakes, is one of the main arteries for inland water traffic. There are also Potomac River, St. Lawrence River which serves as an international river forming part of the boundary between U.S. and Canada. (3) The system of the Pacific: two major rivers, the Columbia River and the Colorado River which are rich in potential water power.3. American industry is developing so rapidly that it has been in the leading position for the past century. Manymanufacture goods rank the first three in the world. Its major industry includes aircraft, computers, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, textiles, etc. There are many big companies and small enterprises…《英美概况（二）》练习题二答案套四、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. 1607, 17762.Christopher Columbus3.Plymouth4. Philadelphia5. 17836. Missouri, Ohio7. St. Lawrence River8. Colorado River9. Appalachian 10. Potomac 11. three 12. State 13.Bill of Rights 14. House of Representatives 15. DemocraticII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[F]4.[T]5.[T]6. [F]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F]III. Explain the following terms.1. The Democratic Party grew out of the “ Anti-Federalists” that appeared after 1787. It was founded in 1828, ledby a group of planters and capitalists and a considerable number of small farmers. Thomas Jefferson was the leader.2. The parties in the United States choose all th eir candidates for election at “primary e lections”, which is held inspring. “Primary elections” are considered the first step and part of the formal voting process and it has many forms. Once the party candidates have been chosen, the primary campaign between the parties begins Sometimes a lot of money is needed for a primary campaign.3. The war was started under Eisenhower and ended in January 1973. It ended with a victory of the NorthVietnamese people and a thorough failure of the United States. The Vietnam War was an example of American imperialism for the benefit of the American corporate military interests.4.. the Civil Rights Movement carried by the blacks to get the civil rights in 1950's to 1960's and to fight againstracial segregation. As the result of their struggle, the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. And the V oting Rights Act was passed in 1965.5. Martin Luther King was an outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement, a Baptist clergyman. He upheld“non-violence” struggle. He set up a boycott of the bus lines. He also led the largest civil rights rally in 1963.So the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. He protested against voting-rights restriction. In 1964 the Voting Rights Act was passed. From 1965-1968 his struggle turned to the discrimination and injustice in the North and protested against the Vietnam War. He was assassinated in April 1968.IV. Answer the following questions.1. Because at home, there was wartime scarcity, high wages, accumulated savings and industrial expansion.There was a pent-up demand for consumer goods. The establishment of new factories, the expansion of internal and external markets and the increasing employment all account for the prosperity. At abroad Germany, Japan and Italy lost their capacity for competition with America. They relied greatly upon the aid and products from the. U. S. But this prosperity disappeared so quickly because it was based upon the war time economy.2. (1) It achieved prominent breakthroughs in the three fields of atomic energy, electronic computers and spacenavigation. (2) Organ and Limb transplants were tried such as heart transplants. (3) New drugs and preventatives were discovered such as polio vaccine, vaccinations etc.套五、答案I. Fill in the following blanks in English1. five Great Lakes2. Atlantic coast3. New York Stock Exchange4.the Associated Press (AP)5. space satellite6. Declaration of Independence7. atom bomb8. Desert Storm9. Grand Canyon 10. Death Valley 11. Harriet Beecher Stowe 12. Great Depression 13. Pearl Harbor 14. Second World War 15. Midway Island 16. three 17. 3000 18. Baptist 19. Detroit 20. “do-it-yourself”21. 117 22. privately 23. Labor Day 24. advertising 25. HalloweenII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[T]4.[T]5.[F]6. [T]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F] )III. Define the following terms1. The first ten amendments put into the Constitution in 1791, which include freedom of speech, the right to assemble and other democratic rights.2. The Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of thetroops around the Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence.3. In April 1945 forty-eight countries attended the conference at San Francisco in America to organize apeacetime, permanent organization in the world. Thus the United Nations was founded.4. The Constitution limits the power of each government branch, and prevents any one branch from gainingundue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches.5. is the largest state in the USA. It was purchased by the USA from Russia in 1867. The total area is 1 500 000square kilometers, much of which is mountainous. Its capital is Juneau. Its chief industries are oil, natural gas and fishing, especially salmon fishing.IV. Answer the following questions1. (1) With the war over, the United States again achieved a stable political environment. Both foreign anddomestic capital became available for investment. (2) Black slaves were free, and the waves of European and Asian immigrants poured into the US, so there was enough labor supply for the development of industries. (3) Science and inventions played a very important role. New thing were invented one after another. (4) The federal government put high taxes on foreign imports. This encouraged Americans to buy American-made goods. (5) The United States was rich in natural resources. These advantages together contributed to the development of the US.2. The bond is the borrower’s written promise to repay the loan on a certain date and also to pay a certain rate ofinterest on the borrowed money. The individual who buys bonds does not share in the company’s profits, but neither does he run the risk of losing money if the stock goes down in value. Corporation may issue bonds to obtain money for expansion. State and local governments issue bonds to raise fund for community improvements such as highway, bridges, schools, and hospitals.3. First a bill introduced by member of Congress is sent to an appropriate legislative Congress works. Thecommittee is formed and holds hearing on it. Then the recommendations of the bill are reported to the Houses.The bill is debated on the floor of each house. Then the votes began. After the majority approval by both houses, the proposal law goes to the president. If two-thirds of each house of Congress approves it, the bill becomes law in spite of president's veto.。

英美概况练习2

英美概况练习2Unit 3-4I. Multiple Choice1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government?A. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It has no written form of constitution.D. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.2. Which of the following kings believed the “Divine Right”to govern, and was condemned to d eath during the English Civil War?A. James IB. Charles IC. King JohnD. James II3. Which of the following succeeded to the throne when James I died in 1625?A. Charles IB. James IIC. Richard ID. William III4.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is reigned over by , but ruled by .A. the government/the MonarchB. the Monarch/the governmentC. the Parliament/Constitutional monarchD. the Cabinet/Queen Elizabeth5. The executive power is in the hands of .A. ParliamentB. The House of CommonsC. The Cabinet headed by the Prime MinisterD. The Queen6. Which of the following is not correct?A. The Queen holds meetings of the Privy Council.B. The Queen receives reports of Cabinet meetings in her weekly sessions with the Prime Minister.C. The Queen must take sides when a dispute arises in the CabinetD. The Queen is informed of, and consulted on every aspect of national life,7. The real power of the House of Lords lies in .A. helping to pass Money BillsB. delaying billsC. discussing billsD. being Supreme Court8.Most of the practical work of the government is done by .A. the Prime MinisterB. the Cabinet ministersC. the civil servantsD. the heads of departments9. Why are so many party members elected to Parliament in each Election in Britain?A. Because party members usually enjoy better reputation.B. Because party members have more experience in forming a government.C. Because party members have the backing of nationwideorganizations.D. Because people trust party members to a greater degree.10. Which group of people is considered as the middle class?A. Those with incomes from rents and property payments.B. Those who dealt with paper, either in business or in a profession.C. Those who did manual labor.D. Those who had a great deal of money.11. is the primary opposition to the Conservatives.A. The Liberal PartyB. The Conservative PartyC. The Labour PartyD. The Liberal Democrat Party12. The Labour Party became one of the two major parties after .A. 1916B. 1922C. 1930D. 194513. The Conservative Party supports the following policies except .A. denationalizationB. free enterpriseC. extending the social serviceD. cautious social reform14. By is a “vote of no confidence” decided.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the two major partiesD. the Prime Minister15. Some industries that had been nationalized (taken over by the state) after 1945, such as .A. British Oil CorporationB. British AirwayC. British TelecommunicationsD. all of the aboveII. Fill in the blanks.1. In Britain, the Queen, whose principal role id symbolic, is also involved in theday-to-day workings of government. Among other things, she holds meetings of the Council----her personal advisory council, and in her weekly sessions with the Prime Minister, she receives reports of meetings.2. The Bill passed by the Parliament in 1689 after that the Revolution in Britain is known as the English Bill of which marked not only a sharp decline in powers of the Monarch, but also the beginning of the British Monarchy.3. When Queen Anne died without any heirs, the English throne was offered to her nearest relative, George of Hanover , who thus became George Iof .4. In the English Civil War, the “Roundhead” supported while the “cavalier” supported .5. Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements .6. 1688-1689, supported by the Parliament, King William II a Dutch prince, and his British wife Queen Mary II overthrew James II without bloodshed and became the joint rules of England. This was called . William and Mary then signed , which severely limited the king or queen’ s power, and since then began.7. The British Prime Minister from the Conservative Party who was also known as the “Iron Lady” was .8. In the British system of government, the leader of the party with the largest number of members returned to the House of during the becomes the Prime Minister.9. There are five grades of English peers (nobleman). From the highest to the lowest, they are , , earl, and .10. There are three major parties in the UK: , the Labour Partyand .III. Explain the items.1.the Great Council;2. Magna Charter;3.Constitutional Monarchy;4. The Bill of Rights of 1689;5. Oliver Cromwell;6. NHS and its waiting list;7. Nationalization;8. “first-past-the post” election system;9. Shadow Cabinet; 10. Privatization; 11. General Election in Britain; 12. English Class System; 13. V ote of no confidence IV. Answer the questions.1. What is the “Glorious Revolution”? Explain i ts significance.2. What are some of the characteristics of the British Constitution? Please use examples to illustrate your point.3. Why and how did the English Parliament come into being?4. What are the primary sources of British law and their common feature?5. What are the main features of British electoral system?6. Explain and assess the impact of New Labor’sconstitutional reforms (e.g. Devolution, House of Lords, European policy, etc.) on British national identity.7. How would you contrast the British Liberal and Conservative parties between 1860 and 1890?8. Comment on Labor’s social and economic policies after the Second World War.。

《英美概况(二)》(专升本)练习题.doc

《英美概况（二）》（专升本）练习题一I. Fill in the following blanks in English (30points, 2 points for each blank).1.The dividing line between the north and the south is __________ , with the city ___________ onthe border between the two parts.2.Columbus discovered the new World in the year of ________ .3.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today's ____________ in theyear of __________ .4.The __________ officially proclaimed the birth of a new American nation.5.The institution that began to assume the function of a national government during theAmerican Revolution was the ___________ .6.The city where the Declaration of Independence was signed and where the U. S. Constitutionwas made is ____________ .7.The Constitutional Convention was held in the year of 1787 and the president of theConvention was __________ .8. A federal system is one in which ________________ is shared between central authorityand its constituent parts with some rights reserved to each.9.The U. S. federal government consists of the following three branches: __________ , legislative ,and _________ .10.The Congress is divided into ____________ with 435 members who serve two-year terms, andthe Senate with ___________ lawmakers who serve six-year terms.11.In 1852, a New England woman named Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote novel titled , whichintensified the political debate on slavery.12.the USA launched military attack coded Desert Storm on Iraq for Iraqi invasion andannexation of Kuwait on January 17,___________ .13.The first academic institution that a child attends is called ___________ .14.In the U.S.A., children are offered ________ years of free public education.15.“All men are created equal" is from the document __________ .16.Thanksgiving Day falls on __________ , on which Americans give thanks for blessings theyenjoy.17.Christmas is on Dec. 25th, which is celebrated for ____________ .18.Franklin Roosevelt was elected President of the US in ________ .19.There are two major denominations in America: Christian Science and _____________ that arethe results of native developments.20.The basic causes of World War I lay in the ___________ , economical and __________ rivalriesof the great powers.21.The period of the "Cold War?, began when ________ came forth in March 1947.22.The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in the year of _________ .23.In April 1949, _______ nations established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization tocoordinate the military actions of member nations against the USSR.24.The United States is situated in the central part of North America with its two youngest states:Alaska and __________ .25.There _______ categories of degrees are offered by American universities.26.The term "Father of Waters" is used to refer to ___________ .27.The largest freshwater lake in the world is ___________ .28.The Niagara Falls is located on the US and Canadian boundary between lake ____________ andlake __________ .29.Between the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the Rocky Mountains there is a large area of desert,of which __________ i s the lowest and hottest place in America. It got its name because many adventurers died here during the __________ when explorers rushed to California for gold.30.The _________ is the official residence of the President and to the east of it stands theCapitol, the building where the US Congressmen meet to make laws for the nation.31.Among the Great Lakes, only Lake _________ belongs to America completely while the otherfour are shared with___________ .32.The _________ is the largest city in the US, followed by _____________ and Chicago.33.Martin Luther King was a black minister, who became a great leader of the ____________ i n the1950s and 1960s.34.On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King led over 200 000 Americans on a march inWashington D.C. to fight for the Civil Rights Law to guarantee equality for all people and delivered his best-known speech “ __________________ " before the Lincoln Memorial.35.The Americans5 ________ is a day to honor the memory of those who have given their livesfor their country.36.Reader's Digests founded in ________ and published in 15 languages and 39 editions, printsnearly 19 million copies a month.II ・ Choose the correct answer (10 points, 1 point for each).1.Which of the following is not true about the characteristics of New England?A.Economically backward.B. Long established.C. Small-scale.D. Urban.2.Which of the following is not in New York City?A.Wall Street.B. The Empire State Building.C. The Black quarter of Harlem.D. Niagara Falls.3.Texas is famous for three of the following except __________ .A.unrestricted gambling and easy divorce lawsB. cowboy traditionC. many millionairesD. oil industry4.The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except ____________ .A.challenging the authority of the Pope B salvation through faithC. salvation through the churchD. establishing a direct contact with God5.Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?A. Separation of state and church.B. Respect of education.C. Intolerant moralism.D. A sense of mission.6.The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except __________ .A.George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. William PennD. Benjamin Franklin7.Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A.The executive.B. The legislativeC. The JudicialD. The president8.Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?A.The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.B.The president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.C.The president can make laws.D.The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directivesregarding the work of the federal departments.9.The Bill of Rights consists of __________ .A.10 very short paragraphs in an amendmentB.10 amendments adopted in 1787C.10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791D.the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press and the freedom ofreligion10.Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?A.The freedom of religion.B.The freedom of searching a person's home by police.C.The freedom of speech and of the press.D.The right to own weapons if on wishes.11.Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?A. The Baptists.B. The Catholics.C. The Methodists.D. The Presbyterians.12.The following are distinctively American features of religion except ___________ .A.Various religious groups have coexisted in the U.S. more harmoniously than EuropeB.Scientific and economic advance and material prosperity have not been accompanied by a decline inreligious faithC.There has been little concentration on doctrine or religion argument in the U.S.D.There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the U.S.13.In the U.S., people go to church mainly for the following reasons except ___________ .A.for finding a job in societyB.for having a place in a communityC.for identifying themselves with dominant valuesD.for getting together with friends14.Which of the following did not take place in the 1960s?A.The Anti-Vietnam War Movement.B.The Anti-drug Movement.C.Women's liberation Movement.D.Public protests by blacks and other minority groups.15.In the United States school system, which of the following division is true?A.Elementary school, grammar school.B.Elementary school, junior high school.C.Elementary school, secondary school.D.Junior high school, senior high school.16.The first American Thanksgiving was hosted by ___________ .A. the IndiansB. the PilgrimsC. the Spanish settlersD. the French settlers17.The Pilgrims were able to survive in America because ___________ .A.they received help from the IndiansB.they were supported by rich companiesC.many ships brought them food from EnglandD.they had signed the Mayflower Compact18.The leading producing area for chemicals and machinery is __________ .A. The East North CentralB. the Middle Atlantic regionC. the Pacific coast regionD. the South Atlantic region1 9. _________ h as been known as the automobile capital of the world.A. New YorkB. AtlantaC. PhiladelphiaD. Detroit20. _________ , the steel capital of the country, is the oldest and largest steel making center.A. ChicagoB. DetroitC. PittsburgD. BirminghamIII.Define the following terms (30 points, 6 points for each)1.Impeachment2.NBC3.VOA4.The New Deal5.Olympic Games6.The Continental Congress7.The Statue of Liberty8.Emancipation Proclamation9.Franklin D. Roosevelt10.The People's Temple11.Continental Congress12.Protestant Church13.Abraham Lincoln14.AP15.Yale UniversityIV.Answer the following questions (30 points, 10 points for each)・1.Briefly describe elementary and secondary education in the USA.2.Tell the main functions of the three branches of the government.3.What are the major rivers and mountains in the USA?4.In the middle of the 19th century, how was the new American two-party system established?5.What are the causes and effects of the Great Depression?6.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of mass education.7.Give a brief account of America in the post World War II decade.8.What role does American government play in the development of economy?9.Give a brief account of the U.S. overseas invasion and expansion in the 20th Century.V o Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F] (10 points, 1 point for each)・__ 1. With a period of rapid industrial development and prosperity in 1920's, Americans5 purchasing power grew as quickly as it should.__ 2. The leading region for manufacturing activity is the Middle Atlantic region.__ 3. The invasion of Afghanistan by the USSR commenced in 1979. This invasion aroused strong objection and reaction from the USA and other countries__ 4. The American aggression of Korea took place in June 1950, and the Korean War broke out.__ 5. US-led NATO mounted an air strike on Yugoslavia on March 24, 1999.__ 6. In the American big corporations and companies, the management usually isn't separated from property rights.__ 7. The Pilgrims were the first English colonists to permanently settle in New England in what we now know as Massachusetts.__ 8. Before the English controlled North America, Spaniards were the most important colonists there. __ 9. The emigration from England to the colonies in America was mainly sponsored by the king.10.The early settlers in the colony discovered a way to make money by growing cotton.。

英美概况考试题及答案

英美概况考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 爱丁堡C. 曼彻斯特D. 伯明翰答案：A2. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 7月17日D. 7月24日答案：A3. 英语中“下午茶”起源于哪个国家？A. 美国B. 法国C. 德国D. 英国答案：D4. 美国的官方货币是什么？A. 英镑B. 欧元C. 美元D. 加元答案：C5. 英国的国花是什么？A. 玫瑰B. 郁金香C. 菊花D. 紫罗兰答案：A6. 美国的总统任期是多久？A. 4年B. 5年C. 6年D. 7年答案：A7. 英国的全称是什么？A. 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国B. 大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国C. 大不列颠及北爱尔兰王国D. 大不列颠王国答案：A8. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？A. 第一B. 第二C. 第三D. 第四答案：C9. 英国的国歌是什么？A. “天佑女王”B. “星条旗永不落”C. “上帝保佑女王”D. “星条旗”答案：C10. 美国的人口数量大约是多少？A. 3亿B. 3.5亿C. 4亿D. 4.5亿答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的现任君主是________。

答案：伊丽莎白二世2. 美国的首都是________。

答案：华盛顿特区3. 英语中“Thank you”的意思是________。

答案：谢谢4. 英国的议会由________和________两院组成。

答案：上议院、下议院5. 美国的国旗被称为________。

答案：星条旗6. 英国的主要宗教是________。

答案：基督教7. 美国的官方语言是________。

答案：英语8. 英国的著名作家莎士比亚的代表作之一是________。

答案：《哈姆雷特》9. 美国的著名地标之一是________。

答案：自由女神像10. 英国的著名大学之一是________。

答案：牛津大学三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述英国的政治体制。

东北师范大学22春“英语”《英美概况(二)》作业考核题库高频考点版(参考答案)试题号3

东北师范大学22春“英语”《英美概况（二）》作业考核题库高频考点版（参考答案）一.综合考核(共50题)1.Washington is the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system: ____, the Supreme Court and the Presidency.A.the SenateB.The House of RepresentativesC.CongressD.the highest court参考答案：C2.The largest seaport of the United States is ____.A.San DiegoB.San FranciscoC.ChicagoD.New York参考答案：D3.Franklin Roosevelt was elected President of the US in ____.A.1931B.1932C.1933D.1934参考答案：B4.The US is the worlds leading exporter of agricultural products, in which the second most important export is ____.A.CottonB.vegetable oils参考答案：C5.Niagara Falls is not in New York City.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B6.The Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent. However, ever since the discovery of the land in 1492 they have been cruelly treated. They were driven into barren desert regions, the so-called “Indian Reservations”.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B7.The Midway Island Battle was the turning point of the ____ War.A.PacificB.ColdC.AtlanticD.Civil参考答案：A8.In the 1960s and 1970s, tennis enjoyed a huge growth as some of the new professional stars, especially women, stimulated amateurs.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B____ are the most numerous in the minorities of the United States.A.blacksB.Hispanicsn-AmericansD.Jews参考答案：A10.American industry is developing so rapidly that it has been in the leadin gposition for the past century.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B11.The western part consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Appalachian Range.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A12.American economy is a free enterprise system.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B13.The number of Congressmen from each state varies depending on ____.A.the size of the areaB.the size of populationC.the traditionD.the wealth14.____ has the power to interpret the constitution.A.The PresidentB.The CongressC.The Supreme CourtD.The House of Representatives参考答案：C15.Telephone companies in the United States are not all private businesses.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A16.The USA includes 50 states and a federal district，the District of Columbia, which is the seat of the Federal Government.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B17.Before the breakout of the Civil War, the Whig Party, which had been formed during Jackson's day, began to break up.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B18.The U.S.A. is known as a “Melting Pot” for it's ____.C.mixture of climatesD.mixture of habits参考答案：B19.The first American President who inaugurated in Washington City was ____.A.George WashingtonB.Thomas JeffersonC.John AdamsD.Andrew Jackson参考答案：B20.The national flag of the United States is known as ____.A.the Star-Spangled BannerB.Uncle SamC.Hot DogD.Union Jack参考答案：A21.The U.S.A. is known as a “Melting Pot” for its ____.A.mixture of religionsB.mixture of nationalitiesC.mixture of climatesD.mixture of habits参考答案：B22.The most important advantage the North had over the South in the Civil War was its ____ superiority.A.industrialB.agricultural参考答案：A23.Between the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the Rocky Mountains there is a large area of desert, of which Death Valley is the lowest and hottest place in America.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B24.The land can be pided into three parts according to its geographical features：the eastern part，the western part，and the central Plains.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B25.The state ____ is rich in fishing and trapping.A.HawaiiB.CaliforniaC.AlaskaD.New York参考答案：C26.The ____ River forms part of the boundary between Canada and the USA, serving as an international river.A.ColoradoB.OhioC.Missouriwrence参考答案：D27.Detroit has been known as the automobile capital of the world.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B28.Detroit is famous for the production of ____.A.bambooB.automobilesC.timberD.airplanes参考答案：B29.Harvard University was founded in ____.A.1366B.1633C.1636D.1363参考答案：C30.The victory at Saratoga was viewed as the turning point of the War of Independence.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B31.The first computer came into being in 1944 and in the same year, the first atom bomb was tested.()A.错误参考答案：A32.The Federal Government is supposed to keep independent from the states governments.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B33.You can get quick and inexpensive meals in ____ .A.magnificent restaurantsB.snack barsC.guest houseD.motels参考答案：B34.The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except ____.A.challenging the authority of the PopeB.salvation through faithC.salvation through the churchD.establishing a direct contact with God参考答案：C35.The University of California, with several branch campuses, has more than ____ students.A.128000B.129000C.126000D.127000参考答案：AThe spirit of “do-it-yourself” may be reflected in many aspects of American life.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B37.The leading producing area for chemicals and machinery is ____.A.The East North CentralB.the Middle Atlantic regionC.the Pacific coast regionD.the South Atlantic region参考答案：B38.Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?____A.Separation of state and churchB.Respect of educationC.Intolerant moralismD.A sense of mission参考答案：A39.In western California lies Death Valley, 280 feet below sea level. It is the lowest point in the whole of North America.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A40.The first Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in September 1775 to consider and act on the situation arising from the so-called Intolerable Acts passed by the Bitish Parliament.()A.错误参考答案：A41.The “Senior Citizens” in the senior centers refer to ____.A.high officialsB.professorsC.presidentsD.old people参考答案：D42.The original name of New York is ____.A.New HampshireB.New AmsterdamC.New JerseyD.New England参考答案：B43.The United States is situated in the central part of North America with its two youngest states-Alaska and Hawaii.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B44.The three biggest newspapers are of the following except ____.A.New York TimesB.Readers DigestC.Washington PostD.Los Angeles Times参考答案：B45.The largest public library in the U.S. is ____.A.Library of CongressB.Library of HarvardC.Franklin LibraryD.Roosevelt Library参考答案：A46.The state to which the Mayflower sailed is ____.A.FloridaB.MaineC.MassachusettsD.Virginia参考答案：C47.In the autumn of 1620, the first group of people started for America in a ship named the “Mayflower”. They l anded at a place they named Plymouth.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B48.____ is the largest city in the US.A.Los AngelesB.ChicagoC.DetroitD.the New York City参考答案：D49.The city's name, “Philadelphia” means ____.A.fishing pitB.brotherly loveC.waste landD.wild laral参考答案：B50.The continental USA runs 4505 kilometers from its Atlantic coast to Pacific coast，and 2574 kilometers from Canada to Mexico.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B。

大学英美概况试题及答案

大学英美概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 美国的首都是哪里？A. 纽约B. 华盛顿C. 洛杉矶D. 芝加哥答案：B2. 英国的官方语言是什么？A. 法语B. 德语C. 英语D. 西班牙语答案：C3. 美国独立宣言是在何时签署的？A. 1775年B. 1776年C. 1777年D. 1778年答案：B4. 英国的全称是什么？A. 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国B. 大不列颠王国C. 联合王国D. 北爱尔兰王国答案：A5. 美国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 英镑C. 美元D. 日元答案：C6. 英国的现任君主是谁？A. 伊丽莎白二世B. 查尔斯王子C. 威廉王子D. 哈里王子答案：A7. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？A. 第一B. 第二C. 第三D. 第四答案：C8. 英国的国花是什么？A. 玫瑰B. 郁金香C. 紫罗兰D. 菊花答案：A9. 美国的人口数量大约是多少？A. 3亿B. 3.5亿C. 4亿D. 4.5亿答案：B10. 英国的首都是哪个城市？A. 曼彻斯特B. 利物浦C. 伦敦D. 爱丁堡答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 美国的总统府被称为________。

答案：白宫2. 英国的议会分为________和________。

答案：上议院、下议院3. 美国的独立日是每年的________月________日。

答案：7月4日4. 英国的国歌是________。

答案：天佑女王5. 美国的国旗被称为________。

答案：星条旗6. 英国的著名大学包括________和________。

答案：牛津大学、剑桥大学7. 美国的人口主要由________、________和________等种族组成。

答案：白人、黑人、亚裔8. 英国的著名地标包括________和________。

答案：大本钟、塔桥9. 美国的宪法规定了________和________。

答案：三权分立、联邦制10. 英国的著名作家包括________和________。

英美概况课后习题答案

1. What is the full name of the .?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect.She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election? ----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s? ----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for several reasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employmentopportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom? ----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost . the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing . relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more, the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocatedfree trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the . constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a . citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a . citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the . as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used . power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The . Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. TheReagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

英美概况2试题及答案

英美概况2试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 巴黎C. 柏林D. 罗马答案：A2. 美国的官方语言是什么？A. 英语B. 西班牙语C. 法语D. 德语答案：A3. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 英镑B. 欧元C. 美元D. 日元答案：A4. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 8月15日D. 10月1日答案：A5. 英国的哪个地区以美丽的自然风光著称？A. 苏格兰高地B. 法国南部C. 意大利北部D. 西班牙东部答案：A6. 美国最大的城市是哪一个？A. 纽约B. 洛杉矶C. 芝加哥D. 休斯顿答案：A7. 英国的国花是什么？A. 玫瑰B. 郁金香C. 菊花D. 百合答案：A8. 美国的总统任期是多久？A. 4年B. 5年C. 6年D. 8年答案：A9. 英国的哪个城市是工业革命的发源地？A. 曼彻斯特B. 利物浦C. 伯明翰D. 利兹答案：A10. 美国的国鸟是什么？A. 鹰B. 鸽子C. 鹦鹉D. 猫头鹰答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的全称是________。

答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. 美国的首都是________。

答案：华盛顿特区3. 英国的国旗被称为________。

答案：联合旗4. 美国的国旗有________颗星。

答案：505. 英国的国歌是________。

答案：天佑女王6. 美国的国歌是________。

答案：星条旗7. 英国的皇家宫殿是________。

答案：白金汉宫8. 美国的自由女神像位于________州。

答案：纽约9. 英国的著名大学包括________。

答案：牛津大学10. 美国的著名大学包括________。

答案：哈佛大学三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述英国的地理位置。

答案：英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛的北部分和周围的许多小岛组成。

2. 描述一下美国的地形特征。

英美概况练习二

英美概况练习（一）I.Choose one best answer form A, B, C, and D.1. The earliest written records of Britain’s inhabitants came from _________.A. the CeltsB. The RomansC. The NormansD. The Germans2. The person who crushed various rebellions in Ireland and settled English and Scottish Protestants there by giving them land was __________.A. Oliver CromwellB. King Charles IC. William IIID. William the Conqueror3. Christianity was introduced into Britain by _________.A. the CeltsB. The GermansC. the Viking DanesD. The Romans4. England became a Protestant country in _____________.A. the 14th centuryB. the 15th centuryC. the 16th centuryD. the 17th century5. Which of the following is not the three Germanic tribes that came to be the basis of modern English race?A. the Viking DanesB. the AnglesC. the SaxonsD. the Jutes6. Which of the following made people from Commonwealth countries no longer have free entry to the UK and couldn’t claim aut omatic full citizenship?A.1535 Act of UnionB. the Commonwealth Immigrants ActC. 1707 Act of UnionD. the Great Charter7. In the year 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating the Saxon king Harold at _____________.A. the Battle of CrecyB. the Battle of AgincourtC. the Battle of HastingsD. the Battle of Waterloo8. The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy took place during __________.A. the Middle AgesB. the “grab for Africa”C. the Elizabethan ageD. the Victorian age9. The king who believed the “Divine Right” to govern, and who was condemned to death during the English Civil War was ____________.A. Henry VIIIB. James IC. Charles ID. James II10. During the whole of th e sixteenth century, England’s great enemy was ____________.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. Germany11. One of the following did not take place during the eighteenth century in British history. It was ____________.A. great victories over FranceB. the Industrial RevolutionC. the loss of her American coloniesD. the founding of the modern police force12. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the Victorian age___________.A. It was an age of national development and National optimism.B. It was an age of stability in family life.C. It was an age of imperialism.D. It was an age of lack of belief in religion.13. Which of the following did not take place after the Second World War in British history?__________________.A.The independence of the colonies of the old British empire.B.The availability of TV sets and cars to almost every home.C.The “suffragette” movement.D.The founding of the “Welfare State”.14. Shakespeare lived in the period of _________.A. the Middle AgesB. the Victorian ageC. the Elizabethan ageD. The Industrial Revolution15. During the whole of the eighteenth century, England’s great enemy was __________.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. GermanyII. Explain the following terms.1. The Roman Occupation2. The Norman Conquest3. the Hundred Years’ War4. The War of the Roses5. the Elizabethan age6. the English Civil War7. the Glorious Revolution8. the Victorian ageIII. Answer the following questions briefly.1.Who are the Britons?2.Why do the Scots, Welsh or Irish object to being called “English”?3. What great influence did the Romans have on the English Culture?4. What are the main consequences of the Norman Conquest?5. How did the French drive the English from their country at the end of the One-hundred-year War?6. What were the characteristics of the sixteenth century as the beginning of the modern period in English history and European history?7. How did the English Church break away from the central organization of Christianity?8. What were the characteristics of the Elizabethan age?9. What was the consequence of the English Civil War?10. What’s meant by “meet one’s Waterloo”? What’s the origin of the phrase?11. How did the Victorian stability collapse after the death of Queen Victoria?12. How long did the First World War last? How long did the Second World War last?。

《英美概况》试题(附答案)word文本

英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth1. The highest mountain in Britain isA. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames2. The longest river in Britain is3. The largest lake in Britain isA. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly fromA. EuropeB. the UnitedC. AfricaD. the West IndiesStates6. The first inhabitants in Britain wereA. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began withA. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, ___actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day __, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 __summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.12. The Hundred Years ' war srttaed in __________ and ended in ________ , in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of .A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _ years and king _________ was replaced by king __ .A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in __ in the early _ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called .A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In ___, a small group of Puritans sailed from i n the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. ___ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January __ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after __ , Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except .A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain ' s foreign trade is mainly with _ .A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by .A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every years and there are __ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by and he or she always sits in .A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in .A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include .A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _______________________________ passes sentenced and decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. __ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates ' courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London ' s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of .A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in ______________________________ and based at first on ____________________________________________________ .A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except .A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that __ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend .A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some __ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except .A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation ' s capital city Washington D.C. and New York ar e located in ___________________A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America ' s most important __________ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that .A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _ .A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from _______________ and .A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom ' s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the A. early settlers B. Puritans C. native Indians D. black slaves。

《英美概况》试题（附答案）改进版

《英美概况》试题（附答案）改进版《英美概况》复习卷I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:B1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the Cotswold?sD. the ForthC2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the ThamesA3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeaghB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake DistrictD4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northen IrelandC5. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-SaxonsB6. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 1060D7. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de MontfortB8. The Hundred Years? war started in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, BrestA9. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry TudorC10. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 15B11. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ inthe Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, PlymouthA12. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious ReformationC13. Soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its economic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 1960C14. Britain?s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. ECA15. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime MinisterC16. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 651C17. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of LordsD18. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of CommonsA19. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutesD20. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schoolsA21. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at allD22. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largestC23. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyD24. The nation?s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic StatesA25. The Midwest in America?s mo st important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining industryD26. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/NetherlandD27. Uncle T om’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _____. A. early settlers B. Puritans C. native Indians D. black slavesA28. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper minesB29. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George WashingtonB30. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independence.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional ConventionB31. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist PapersB32. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country?s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. OhioD33. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and JapanＢ34. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _______ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. northＣ35. Ireland is divided into two political parts: _______ .A. Northern Ireland and southern IrelandB. Southern Ireland and the Republic of IrelandC. the Republic of Ireland and Northern IrelandD. Northern Ireland and BritainＢ36. In 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose _______ as their next president who promised a "new deal" to get America out of depression.A. TheodoreB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. Woodrow WilsonD. Herbert HooverＢ37. Martin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader of the _______ Movement.A. BoycottB. Civil RightsC. SegregationD. IntegrationＡ38. The cultivated land in the U.S. makes up _______ of the total land, and people who are engaged in farming make up only2.7% of the total population.A. 21%B. 31%C. 41%D. 51%Ｄ39. The Constitution of the United States provides that _______ shall be President of the Senate.A. the Secretary of StateB. the Chief JusticeC. the PresidentD. the Vice PresidentＤ40. Of all the symbols, _______ , which are considered to represent fertility and new life: are those most frequently associated with Easter.A. the pumpkin and the turkeyB. the lamb and the beefC. the spring peas and the potatoesD. the egg and the rabbitＢ41. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A. 1620B. 1607C. 1776D.1861Ｄ42. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A. MarylandB. South CarolinaC. DelawareD. ColoradoＢ43. The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.A. simpleB. easyC. roughD. hardＡ44. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New YorkD. Washington D.C.Ｂ45. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1776, 1784B. 1775, 1783C. 1706, 1714D. 1760, 1784Ａ46. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil RightsD. the Great CharterB47. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three timesD. four timesD48. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from _____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and BB49. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 1035D. 1600B50. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years? WarC. Peasant UprisingD. the Civil WarC51. By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. PlantagenetD. YorkB52. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellowB53. William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poetD. actorB54. England first became a sea power in the time of _____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Henry VIIIA55. The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _____.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. BaconB56. By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of MontgomeryD. the Declaration of IndependentB57. The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range.A. easternB. westernC. NortheasternD. SouthernC58. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. MichiganD. OntarioC59. Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. PacificD. ArcticC60. _____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A. FloridaB. LouisianaC. AlaskaD. HawaiiC61. The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourthD. secondB62. The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto RicansD. BritishB 63. The ___ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and isdescribed as the representative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. ParliamentD. CabinetA64. The House of Commons consists of ____ members who are elected from the ____ electoral districts.A. 651, 651B. 535, 535C. 635, 635D. 630,630A65. The _____ _____ is the supreme administrative institution.A. British governmentB. British ParliamentC. OppositionD. Privy CouncilA66. The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. CrownD. ParliamentA67. It is the _____ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. SpeakerD. QueenB68. The Judicial Branch is headed by _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. CongressC. PresidentB69. The general election in America is held every _____ years.A. 5B. 4C. 6D. 3A70. The symbol of the US Democratic Party is _____.A. donkeyB. elephantC. eagleD. HorseB71. _____ has the sole right to interpret the Constitution.A. The CabinetB. The Supreme CourtC. PresidentD. CongressB72. The symbol of the US Republic Party is _____.A. tigerB. elephantC. donkeyD. eagleB73. The US Federal Government is composed of the following except _____.A. the legislativeB. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executiveB74. The number of Congressmen from each state varies depending on _____.A. the size of the areaB. the size of the populationC. the traditionD. the wealthB75. The law-making or the legislative body in the government is _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. the CongressC. the CabinetD. the president?s committeeC76. The members in the Senate must be at least _____ years old and those in the Representative _____ years old.A. 40, 30B. 30, 26C. 30, 25D. 25, 30B77. The students of the universities in the second year are called ________.A. juniorB. sophomoreC. freshmanD. seniorA78. An undergraduate student has to earn a certain number of______in order to receive a degree at the end of four years study.A. creditsB.gradesC. scoresD. classesC79. What is the national anthem of the United Kingdom?A.Rule BritanniaB.Men of HarlechC. God Save the King (Queen)D.Swing Low Sweet ChariotB80. Which Scottish lake is supposedly home to a mythical monster?A. Lough NeaghB. Loch NessC. Lake WindermereD. Loch LomondD81. What is the capital city of Northern Ireland?A. EdinburghB. CardiffC. LondonD. BelfastA82. Which language is sometimes used in Scotland?A. GaelicB. WelshC. CornishD. IrishB83. Which Roman Emperor built a wall to separate Britain?A. CaesarB. HadrianC. NeroD. AugustusA84. Which Anglo-Saxon kin g is considered Britain?s first national hero?A. Alfred the GreatB. Henry the EighthC. William the ConquerorD. Charles the SecondD85. Which of the following houses won the War of the Roses (1455-1485)?A. The House of YorkB. The House of SussexC. The House of EssexD. The House of LancasterA86. Which of the following countries sent an …Armada? to attack Britain in 1588?A. SpainB. PortugalC. ItalyD. GermanyC87. Which Queen ruled Britain from 1837 to 1901?A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Elizabeth IID88. Which of the following British cities is one of the major financial centres of the world?A. ManchesterB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. LondonD89. Who is the commander-in-chief of the United States armed forces?A. A SenatorB. The Vice PresidentC. A Supreme Court JusticeD. The PresidentC90. Which examinations do British students take at age 16?A. SATsB. ACTsC. GCSEsD. A-LevelsB91. What is the upper house of the British Parliament called?A.The House of RepresentativesB. The House of LordC. The SenateD. CongressD92. Which of the following foods is a traditional British meal?A. NoodlesB. SnailsC. TapasD. Fish and ChipsC93. During which festival is it traditional to give and receive chocolate eggs?A. ChristmasB. Remembrance DayC. EasterD. New Year?s DayB94. Which of the following sports is traditionally played by British people?A. Ice HockeyB. CricketC. LacrosseD. BaseballC95. Who wrote the original draft of the Declaration of Independence?A. George WashingtonB. George BushC. Thomas JeffersonD. Abraham LincolnA96. During the American Civil War, what were the eleven southern slave states called?A. The Confederate States of AmericaB. The United States of AmericaC. The UnionD. The Tea PartyB97. Which American President created an economic plan called the …New Deal??A. Herbert HooverB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. Ronald ReaganD. John F. KennedyD98. What is the oldest university in the United States?A. Columbia UniversityB. Stanford UniversityC. Brown UniversityD. Harvard UniversityB99. Which of the following institutions is part of the Judicial Branch of the federal government?A. The House of RepresentativesB. The Supreme CourtC. The SenateD. CongressB100. How often are Presidential elections held?A. Every 3 yearsB. Every 4 yearC. Every 5 yearsD. Every 6 yearsII. Fill in the blanks:1. Geographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are highlands, while the east and south-east are mostly lowlands.2. Welsh is located in the west of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the Celts_.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teutonic tribes Jutes_, Saxons_, and Angles_ invaded Britain. Among them, the Angles_ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of Hastings__ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the feudal___ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William?s time is known as Domesday Book , which was compiled in 1086_.8.The outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement was _Martin____ _Luther____ _King____.9. _Black Death__ was the deadly bubonic plagu e, which reduced England?s population from four million to two___ million by the end of the 14th century.10. America participated in the Second World War in the year _1941____.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in _the Divine Right of Kings_.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported the king , while the Roundheads supported the parliament.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a _Commonwealth_____, later, he became Lord protector ________.14. In 1707, the Act of Union united England and Scotland.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _Whigs____ and _Tories______. The former were the forerunners of the _liberal_____ Party, the latter were of the _conservative_____ party.16.The dropping of the two atom bombs by America forced _Japan____ to surrender unconditionally.17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “_workshop_____” of the world.18. During the Second World War _Winston Churchill_______ led Britain to final victory in 1945.19.The direct cause that the U.S. entered WWII was the Japanese sudden raid of the US?s naval base at _Pearl Harbour____.20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _the North Sea______.21. The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official _opposition_____, with its own leader and “_shadow_____ cabinet”.22. The Prime Minister is appointed by _the Queen_____, and his/her official residence is _No. 10 Downing Street____.23. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _country councils____ and _district councils_____.24. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _the House of Lords______.25. The two established churches in Britain are _the Church of England___ and _the Church of Scotland____.26. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of５(__４____ in Northen Ireland) and __１６___.27. In the past children in Britain were allocated to differentsecondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _eleven plus____, which was replaced by comprehensive schools_.28. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _ｈｉｇｈｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ____ and _ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ_____.29. The most-known universities in Britain are _Ｏｘｆｏｒｄ____ and _Ｃａｍｂｒｉｄｇｅ____ which date from the _１２ｔｈ____ and _１３ｔｈ____ centuries.30. In the Great Lakes, only _ＬａｋｅＭｉｃｈｉｇａｎ____ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared with Canada.31. _Ａｌａｓｋａ______ is separated from the main land by Canada.32. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _ｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌＤｉｖｉｄｅ____.33. _Ｔｅｘａｓ____ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S.34. New England is sometimes called the _ｂｉｒｔｈｐｌａｃｅ_____ of America.35. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the _ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ__36. It was _Ｃｏｌｕｍｂｕｓ____ who first discovered the America in 1492.37. The War of _Ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅ____ broke out in 1775 and ended in 1783.38. The First World War broke out on July 28th in _１９１４____.39. In 1620 some English Puritans sailed to Plymouth on a ship called _Ｍａｙｆｌｏｗｅｒ____.40. On July 4th, 1776, the document called the Declarationof _Ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｃｅ____ was accepted by the American Congress.41. Lexington Fire was the _ｐｒｅｌｕｄｅ____ of the War of Independence.42. In 1803 the United States purchased Louisiana from _Ｆｒａｎｃｅ____.43. The Great Depression of 1929 - _１９３３____ shook the United States and the whole capitalist world to its foundation.44. The _ｃｏｌｄ____ _ｗａｒ____ policy went into effect by the spring of 1947 when Truman Doctrine came forth.45. By the end of _１９ｔｈ____ century, the U.S. had become the most powerful country in the world.46. The first great tide from 1840 to 1860 in America was the _westward____ movement.47. The famous novel “_Uncle Tom?s Cabin____” by Mrs. Stowe aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.48. In _1607____ the first group of English colonists came to America.49. The _second____ World War was a destructive war and an anti-fascist war.50. Along with the Normans came the _French____ language.51. The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _the House of York__ and the __House of Lancaster__.52. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the Spanish Armada was defeated by English ships.53. During the Civil Wars (1642 –1648) the supporters of Parliament were called Parliamentarians while the supporters of the King Charles I were called __ Royalists.54. After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a Commonwealth.55. The U.K. is situated in the north-west coast of Europe.56. The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .57. The U.K. consists of England, Welsh, Scotland and Northern Ireland.58. The capital of England and of Great Britain is London.59. The most important river is the River of Thames .60. The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of Edinburgh .61. The capital city of Wales is Cardiff .62. The U.S. is bounded by Canada on the north and by Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico on the south.63. To the west of America lies the Pacific Ocean.64. To the east of America lies the Atlantic Ocean.65. The Western part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.66. The United States includes 50 states and a 1 district, the District of Columbia.67. The five Great Lakes lie between the boundary of Canada and the United States.68. The United States is situated in the South part of North America.69. The British Parliament consists of three elements –the Sovereign, the House of Commons, and the House of Lords.70. The House of Lords is also called the Upper House.71. The Lords and the Commons share the same building of the Palace of Westerminster.72. The Prime Minister works and lives in the famous residence, No. ten Downing Street.73. The two major parties in Britain are the Labour Party andthe Conservative Party.74. The balance is always kept among the three branches of the power of the government and this is called the “System of check and balance”.75. The official presidential residence is the White House.76 The American Congress is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives.77. In the US the chief function of Congress is to make laws.78. There are 100 members in the Senate.79. The two main parties are the Democratic and the Republican Party.80. Only the Supreme Court has the right to interpret the constitution.81. Each of the fifty states of US elects 2 senators.82. The Federal Constitution consists of 7 articles and 27 amendments.83.The two oldest universities in Britain are Oxford and Cambridge.84. There are three academic degrees in Britain. They are Bachelor?s, Master?s and Doctor?s degree.85. Two-year college were called “community colleges”.86. New England is located in the Northeast corner of the country.87. The U.S. government is divided into three branches: the legislative, the executive and the judiciary.88. The State of California now has surpassed New York as the most populous state.89. In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower.90. Between 1607 and 1733 the British established _13__colonies along the east coast of North America.91. The name of American Indian was given by ___Columbus____.92. The federal system refers to the division of political power into federal government and state government93. Thanksgiving Day is an holiday only celebrated in U.S. for people to express gratitude.94. Four most popular sports in the U.S. are American football, basketball, baseball, and ice hockey.95. Funs for education of the U.S. come from three levels: federal, state, and local.96. The cold war is between the Soviet Union and the United States.97. The first successful English settlement was in Jamestown.98. The British national newspapers can be divided into quality newspaper and popular newspaper.99. Walking under a ladder is considered to be bad luck.100. Two important exams in the U.S. are SAT and ACT。

英美概况(二)高起本.pdf

单选题1.Harvard,one of the most famous universities in the world,was founded in()A.1636B.1635C.1634D.1639答案:A2.The Pilgrims were able to survive in America because().A.they received help from the IndiansB.they were supported by rich companiesC.many ships brought them food from EnglandD.they had signed the Mayflower Compact答案:A3.In the U.S.,people go to church mainly for the following reasons except().A.for finding a job in socielyB.for having a place in a communityC.for identifying themselves with dominant valuesD.for getting together with friends答案:A4.The US is the world’s leading exporter of agricultural products, in which the second most important export is().A.CottonB.vegetable oilsC.cereal grainsD.soybeans答案:C5.After the Civil War,the United States saw great developments in().A.agricultureB.economicsC.cultureD.politics答案:A6.What belongs to the attitudes of Americans toward manual labor?A.Highly valuingB.looking down upon it.C.NeutralD.Refusing to take on it.答案:A7.()serve as the media between producers and retailers,or producers and wholesalers.A.ProducersB.RetailersC.WholesalersD.The government答案:C8.The period of colonization covered the years from1607to(), that is,from the first settlement of English colonists to the independence of the USA.A.1776B.1777C.1778D.1779答案:A9.By law any natural-born American citizen of any over years of age()can run for the presidency.A.thirty threeB.thirty fourC.thirty fiveD.thirty six答案:C10.Day-to-day family leisure activities include the following activities EXCEPT().A.going to a restaurant for dinnerB.visit Disney WorldC.barbecuingD.shopping malls答案:B11.The state()is rich in fishing and trapping.A.HawaiiB.CaliforniaC.AlaskaD.New York答案:C12.The largest religious group in America is().A.Roman CatholicsB.ProtestantsC.OrthodistsD.Presbyterians答案:B13.The turning point of the War of Independence was the Battle of()in1777.A.YorktownB.SaratogaC.Bunker HillD.Lexington答案:B14.The two major political parties in the United States are().A.the Democratic Party and the Republican PartyB.the Labor Party and the Conservative PartyC.the Liberal Party and the Conservative PartyD.the Federalist Party and the Republican Party答案:A15.()is the second largest US city in terms of population in the United States of America and the largest industrial city in the country.A.Los AngelesB.PhiladelphiaC.ChicagoD.California答案:C16.The Midway Island Battle was the turning point of the()War.A.PacificB.ColdC.AtlanticD.Civil答案:A17.The first imperialist war took place between the U.S.and() in1898.A.BritainB.FranceC.SpainD.Mexico答案:C18.Christianity consists of the following except()A.CatholicismB.East OrthodoxC.Jewish ChurchD.Protestantism答案:C19.The“first Americans”were the().A.black slavesB.IndiansC.whitesD.Eskimos答案:B20.()has the power to impeach the President of the United States when he abuses his power.A.The SenateB.The Justice of the Supreme CourtC.The CongressD.The Supreme Court答案:C21.The national flag of the United States is known as().A.the Star-Spangled BannerB.Uncle SamC.Hot DogD.Union Jack答案:A22.The largest seaport of the United States is().A.San DiegoB.San FranciscoC.ChicagoD.New York答案:D23.Washington is the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system:(),the Supreme Court and the Presidency.A.the SenateB.The House of RepresentativesC.CongressD.the highest court答案:C24.The University of California,with several branch campuses, has more than()students.A.128000B.129000C.126000D.127000答案:A25.The largest public library in the U.S.is().A.Library of CongressB.Library of HarvardC.Franklin LibraryD.Roosevelt Library答案:A26.The()River forms part of the boundary between Canada and the USA,serving as an international river.A.ColoradoB.OhioC.Missouriwrence答案:D27.The Head of the Representatives is called().A.LeaderB.ChancellorC.SpeakerD.Chairman答案:C28.The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except().A.challenging the authority of the PopeB.salvation through faithC.salvation through the churchD.establishing a direct contact with God答案:C29.Metropolitan Museum is in().A.Washington D.C.B.BostonC.New YorkD.Philadelphia答案:C30.President Franklin D.Roosevelt proposed a well-known policy called()to save the economic situation.A.the Open Door PolicyB.the New DealC.Good Neighbor PolicyD.the“Big Stick”答案:B31.The original name of New York is().A.New HampshireB.New AmsterdamC.New JerseyD.New England答案:B32.The presiding officer of the Senate is()who serves as chairman when the Senate is in session.A.the SpeakerB.the Vice PresidentC.theCongressmanD.the Floor Leader答案:B33.The U.S. A.is known as a“Melting Pot”for its().A.mixture of religionsB.mixture of nationalitiesC.mixture of climatesD.mixture of habits答案:B34.The state to which the Mayflower sailed is().A.FloridaB.MaineC.MassachusettsD.Virginia答案:C35.()is the largest city in the US.A.Los AngelesB.ChicagoC.DetroitD.the New York City答案:D36.()served more than two terms in American history.A.Franklin D.RooseveltB.George WashingtonC.Thomas JeffersonD.Abraham Lincoln.答案:A37.()are the most numerous in the minorities of the United States.A.blacksB.Hispanicsn-AmericansD.Jews答案:A38.()is the spokesman of the US foreign policy.A.The State SecretaryB.The PresidentC.The Vice PresidentD.The Chief of the White House Staff答案:A39.The Niagara Falls is located on the US and Canadian boundary between lake Erie and lake().A.SuperiorB.MichiganC.HuronD.Ontario答案:D40.The symbol of the Republican Party is().A.a monkeyB.an elephantC.a horseD.a donkey答案:B41.In(),the first satellite was launched in the USA.A.1958B.1657C.1659D.1655答案:A42.The“Senior Citizens”in the senior centers refer to.()A.high officialsB.professorsC.presidentsD.old people答案:D43.()is the only branch that can make federal laws,and levy federal taxes.A.The executiveB.The legislativeC.The JudicialD.The president答案:B44.Harvard University was founded in().A.1366B.1633C.1636D.1363答案:C45.Detroit is famous for the production of().A.bambooB.automobilesC.timberD.airplanes答案:B46.America occupies the leading position in the modern technology in the following areas except().A.atomic energyputersC.spaceD.shipbuilding答案:D47.The three biggest newspapers are of the following except().A.New York TimesB.Reader's DigestC.Washington PostD.Los Angeles Times答案:B48.The first immigrants came to America from England to escape ().A.povertyB.imprisonmentC.religious persecutionD.all of the above答案:D49.The most famous19radio stations is().A.the Columbia Broadcasting SystemB.the American Broadcasting SystemC.Voice of AmericaD.The National Broadcasting System答案:C50.From1949to1972,the number of scientists who moved into the USA from various countries in the world reached()A.200000B.300000C.400000D.500000答案:A51.The largest freshwater lake in the world is().ke Superiorke Erieke Ontarike Michigan答案:A52.When()was elected president,the southern states broke away and formed a new nation,the Confederate States of America.A.Thomas JeffersonB.Franklin D.RooseveltC.George WashingtonD.Abraham Lincoln答案:D53.The most important advantage the North had over the South in the Civil War was its()superiority.A.industrialB.agriculturalC.economicalitary答案:A54.The river that serves as the dividing line between the South and the North of the United States is().A.the Columbia RiverB.the Potomac RiverC.the Ohio RiverD.the Colorado River答案:B55.The presiding officer of the Senate is()who serves as chairman when the Senate is in session.A.the SpeakerB.the Vice PresidentC.the CongressmanD.the Floor Leader答案:B判断题1.American government has always been playing an important role in the development of American economy.A.错误B.正确答案:B2.The supreme judicial body in the USA is in the District Court.A.错误B.正确答案:Abour Day was first celebrated in honour of the workers in the USA.B.正确答案:B4.Americans are free to have guns,and this makes hunting a popular sport in the USAA.错误B.正确答案:B5.It was the Scandinavian immigrants in the mid-seventeenth century who introduced skiing into the USA.A.错误B.正确答案:A6.America was once the dominant exporting nation,but her competitive superiority lostA.错误B.正确答案:B7.Basketball is the summer sport in American schools and colleges.A.错误B.正确答案:A8.There are three world religions:Buddhism,Islam and Christianity.B.正确答案:B9.On July4,1775,the Continental Congress passed and adopted the Declaration of IndependenceA.错误B.正确答案:A10.Americans have been trained since very early in their lives to consider themselves as separate individuals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their own destinies.A.错误B.正确答案:B11.American's biggest challenge is coming from Pacific Rim countries such as Japan,South Korea,and Singapore.A.错误B.正确答案:B12.The leading region for manufacturing activity is the Middle Atlantic regionA.错误B.正确答案:A13.In most high schools,apart from general education,there is also vocational training for specific occupationsA.错误B.正确答案:B14.Martin Luther King was a black minister,who became a great leader of the Civil Rights Movement in the1950s and1970s.A.错误B.正确答案:A15.Christianity came into being in20A.D.A.错误B.正确答案:A16.Some advanced technology such as relay facilities and satellites are used to send programs overseas.A.错误B.正确答案:B17.In the United States,cotton is a leading commercial crop in the South.A.错误B.正确答案:B18.Voice of America is the most famous of the radio stations of the America.A.错误B.正确答案:B19.The1787Constitution consisted of8articles and later26 amendments were added.A.错误B.正确答案:A20.Thomas Jefferson is the3rd US Presidetn from1801to1809. He was a lawyer who opposed the British colonial policy and was a member of the Continental Congress.A.错误B.正确答案:B21.There are nearly3100state parks and recreation areas in the USA..A.错误B.正确答案:B22.Americans like boating.Motorboats,as well as canoes,are very popular for fishing and water-skiingA.错误B.正确答案:B23.Death Valley,280feet below sea level.It is the lowest point in the whole of North America.A.错误B.正确答案:B24.The Eastern Orthodox Church was separated from Roman Catholic Church in1054,with the population of130million.A.错误B.正确答案:B25.The group of buildings of the United Nations stands along the West River at the end of the42nd Street.A.错误B.正确答案:A26.Detroit has been known as the automobile capital of the world.A.错误B.正确答案:B27.American industry is developing so rapidly that it has been in the leadin gposition for the past century.A.错误B.正确答案:B28.St.Valentine’s Day is a sweetheart festival on15th February on which lovers send presents to each other to show his or her love.A.错误B.正确答案:A29.America is the world's largest producer of electricity,but stil it has to import electricity from Canada.A.错误B.正确答案:B30.Christopher Columbus was a Spanish adventurer.A.错误B.正确答案:A31.Women’s Liberation Movement has been the single important social movement of the1970’s.A.错误B.正确答案:B32.The western part consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Appalachian RangeA.错误B.正确答案:A33.Since1816,the executive mansion has been known as"White House".A.错误B.正确答案:A34.Generally speaking,an elementary school teacher must have a BA degree with a major in education.A.错误B.正确答案:B35.In1956,the first satellite was launched in the USA.A.错误B.正确答案:A36.The academic year lasts nine months.A.错误B.正确答案:B37.The chief function of the Congress is to deal with foreign affairs.A.错误B.正确答案:A38.Each of the fifty states of the U.S.A.elects three senators.B.正确答案:A39.When Lincoln was elected president,the southern states broke away and formed a new nation,the Confederate Union of America.A.错误B.正确答案:B40.From1901to1978,there were altogether117people in the USA having won the Nobel Prizes for the research of natural science.A.错误B.正确答案:B41.The Republican Party grew out of the“Anti-Federalists”that appeared after1787when the Constitution was made.A.错误B.正确答案:A42.VOA is the most famous of the eighteen radio stations of the USA for the propaganda to foreign countriesA.错误B.正确答案:A43.The annual session of the Congress begins on January3rd each year.Congress holds two annual sessions each term.B.正确答案:B44.Mount Mekinley,6187meters high,on the north of the Alaska, the highest peak on the American continent.A.错误B.正确答案:A45.The emigration from England to the colonies in America was mainly sponsored by the king.A.错误B.正确答案:A46.According to the US Constitution,Congress exercises the legislative power.It enjoys the power of making laws,levying taxes and appropriating money for government expenditure.A.错误B.正确答案:B47.When the state administrations act out the powers given to them in the Constitution,the federal administration has right to interfere.A.错误B.正确答案:A48.The military leader of the Southern army in the American Civial War was General Grant.A.错误B.正确答案:A49.In1791,the first ten amendments were made.This is the well-known"Bill of Rights",which contains such liberties as freedom of religion,freedom of speech,freedom of press,etc.A.错误B.正确答案:B50.The constitution llimits the power of each government branch, and prevents any one branch from gaining undue power.A.错误B.正确答案:B51.Lexington Fire was the ending of American War of IndependenceA.错误B.正确答案:A52.The land can be divided into three parts according to its geographical features：the eastern part，the western part，and the central Plains.A.错误B.正确53.After the Asian War broke out,there were two war arenas in the world.One was the European arena;the other was the Pacific arena.A.错误B.正确答案:B54.The successful merchants and ship-builders became the forefathers of the American bourgeoisie in industry.A.错误B.正确答案:B55.Los Angeles leads the country in the manufacture of aircraft and spare parts and the area has become an aviation center.A.错误B.正确答案:B56.The election of the American presidency comes every four years.A.错误B.正确答案:B57.William Penn was not one of the founding fathersof the American Republic.B.正确答案:B58.Between the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the Rocky Mountains there is a large area of desert,of which Death Valley is the lowest and hottest place in America.A.错误B.正确答案:B59.In1920,the USA had only10radio stations.A.错误B.正确答案:A60.The Rocky Mountains form the most important river divide in the States,separating the system of the Mexican gulf and the system of the Pacific.A.错误B.正确答案:A61.There are roughly two industrial sections in the USAA.错误B.正确答案:A62.It is true that the US now has a"free market"system.A.错误B.正确63.The name"Indians"was given by Amerigo Vespucci.When he first discovered the American continent,he mistook the natives there for the people of India.A.错误B.正确答案:A64.Olympic Games are international sporting contests which take place every four years in whatever country the national athletic festival held at Olympia.A.错误B.正确答案:B65.The New York Times is sold all over the USA with a circulation of895000.A.错误B.正确答案:B66.With6percent of the world's population,the United States produced half the world's goods.A.错误B.正确答案:B67.There are two major denominations in America:Christian Science and Mormonism that are the results of native developments.A.错误B.正确答案:B68.The bond is the borrower’s written promise to repay the loan on a certain date and also to pay a certain rate of interest on the borrowed moneyA.错误B.正确答案:B69.In western California lies Death Valley,280feet below sea level.It is the lowest point in the whole of North America.A.错误B.正确答案:A70.The containment policy was to hold back the expansion of the Soviet Union.It was the basis of the US foreign policy during the Cold War.A.错误B.正确答案:B71.The US political system was established on the basis of three main principles:federalism,the separation of powers and respect for the constitution and the rule of law.A.错误B.正确答案:B72.Washington is the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system:Congress,the Supreme Court and the Presidency.A.错误B.正确答案:B73.The early settlers in the colony discovered a way to make money by growing tobacco.A.错误B.正确答案:B74.In Protestantism there are about30principal groupsA.错误B.正确答案:B75.The Proclamation declared the abolition of slavery an objective of the war in addition to the objective of saving the Union.B.正确答案:B76.The House of Representatives has435members plus a nonvoting representative from Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia.A.错误B.正确答案:B77.The Federalists are supporters of the federal principle of government or members of political group from1787to1823which favoured strong centralized government and was in power from1789 to1800in the USA.A.错误B.正确答案:B78.The Federal Constitution of the USA,which was adopted in1787 and came into effect in1788,is the first comparatively complete written constitution.A.错误B.正确答案:A79.Between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians lies the Central Plain which occupies one third of America's landmass on the continent.B.正确答案:A80.The period of the“Cold War”began when Trumanism came forth in March1947.A.错误B.正确答案:B81.The Three Faiths in the US.Refer to Protestant,Catholic and Jewish.A.错误B.正确答案:B82.All the newspapers and magazines in the USA are privately owned.A.错误B.正确答案:B83.The belief in the freedom of the individual is probably the most basic and most strongly held of all American beliefs.A.错误B.正确答案:B84.The largest Protestant group is the Baptist.A.错误B.正确85.The basic causes of World War I lay in the political and economical rivalries of the great powers.A.错误B.正确答案:A86.The president can veto the bill if he hopes to prevent the bill from becoming law.A.错误B.正确答案:B87.The Roman Catholic Church was separated from Orthodoxy in1054A.错误B.正确答案:B88.There is unified federal policy for enrollment and every university is not free to select its own first-year students and set its own standardA.错误B.正确答案:A89.Americans show great respect for Abraham Lincoln and most people regard him as a model in their personal struggle.A.错误B.正确90.The president can serve more than two successive terms of four years each.A.错误B.正确答案:A91.In the USA,a two-year college was originally called a“junior college”,but now it is called a“community collegeA.错误B.正确答案:B92.American economy is a free enterprise systemA.错误B.正确答案:B93.The USA supplies a larger share of the imports to all other countries than does any other nation in the world.A.错误B.正确答案:B94.Before the breakout of the Civil War,the Whig Party,which had been formed during Jackson's day,began to break up.A.错误B.正确答案:B95.The Americans celebrate Memorial Day on the last Monday in May so that all can enjoy a three-day weekend.A.错误B.正确答案:B96.Columbus discovered the new World in the year of1493.A.错误B.正确答案:A97.In April1949,13nations established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to coordinate the military actions of member nations against the USSR.A.错误B.正确答案:A98.The Statue of Liberty was given by the Spanish people as a gift.A.错误B.正确答案:A99.By the beginning of the20th century,the United States controlled the most part of the globe.A.错误B.正确答案:A100.VOA Radio Station is in Washington.A.错误B.正确答案:B101.May1st is an international Labour Day,a public holiday in the USAA.错误B.正确答案:B102.Iowa is the head of corn-producing states.A.错误B.正确答案:B103.The common house during colonial times was log cabin.A.错误B.正确答案:B104.In the system of the Pacific,there are two major rivers:the Columbia River and the Colorado River.A.错误B.正确答案:B105.Every state constitution divides political power among four elements.A.错误B.正确答案:A106.The Bill of Rights consists of10amendments adopted in1787.A.错误B.正确答案:A107.The second continental congress was held in Philadelphia in May1776A.错误B.正确答案:A108.The first computer came into being in1944and in the same year, the first atom bomb was tested.A.错误B.正确答案:A109.Independence Day is celebrated in all the statesA.错误B.正确答案:B110.The spirit of“do-it-yourself”may be reflected in many aspects of American life.A.错误B.正确答案:B111.About two-thirds of the income of the average daily newspaper comes from advertisingB.正确答案:B112.The American Supreme Court is only headed by eight other judges,all called justices,who are appointed for life terms by the president with the consent of the Senate,and who can only be removed by impeachment.A.错误B.正确答案:A113.The eastern part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.A.错误B.正确答案:B114.The election process in the United States is rather simple.A.错误B.正确答案:A115.New Year's Day is on January1st,a legal holiday in the USAA.错误B.正确答案:B116.The USA has many achievements in the field of science and technologyB.正确答案:B117.The Washington Post was founded in1876and associated with the conventional conservative force in the Congress.A.错误B.正确答案:A118.The Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent. However,ever since the discovery of the land in1492they have been cruelly treated.They were driven into barren desert regions, the so-called“Indian Reservations”.A.错误B.正确答案:B119.A member of either House of Congress doesn't have the right to introduce a bill.A.错误B.正确答案:A120.Chicago,the second largest US city in terms of population in the United States of America,lies on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan at a point where the Chicago River enters the lake.B.正确答案:B121.The poverty and wealth of the US is not distributed evenly by race,geography or age.A.错误B.正确答案:A122.About96percent of all American homes have television sets and more than25percent have two or more sets.A.错误B.正确答案:B123.Impeachment is a charge brought by the US House of Representatives against an official in the judicial or executive branches of the federal government.A.错误B.正确答案:B124.The principal author of the Declaration of Independence was Thomas JeffersonA.错误B.正确答案:B125.The president really has enormous power,both in his or her own capacity as the chief executive and acting through members of his or her Cabinet.A.错误B.正确答案:B126.There is a rather uneven distribution of the population in the U.S. A.There are four densely-populated areas in the country.A.错误B.正确答案:B127.In the USA there occurred six economic crises from the end of the war to the middle of the1970s.A.错误B.正确答案:B128.On December7th,1942,Japan attacked a US naval base at Pearl Harbour.The attack on Pearl Harbour shook the whole country of the United States of America.The next day President Roosevelt gave a short address and Congress declared war on Japan.A.错误B.正确答案:A129.Most of the USA is in the temperate zone，with four distinct seasons and varying numbers of hot and co1d days each season, while the northern states and AIaska have extremely cold winters.A.错误B.正确答案:B130.The standard of living of American farmers is generally high.A.错误B.正确答案:B131.The first National Thanksgiving Day was set on November16, 1789by George Washington in his inauguration.A.错误B.正确答案:A132.The distinctive feature of the American educational system is its“emphasis on education of the masses rather than on education of the intellectuals”A.错误B.正确答案:B133.In1957,the first satellite was launched in the USAA.错误B.正确答案:A134.Boston is situated in Boston Bay,Massachusetts.It is a fine natural harbor and one of America's great seaports.A.错误B.正确答案:B135.The American War of Independence was an event of great historic importance.By smashing the fetters of British rule,it gave the colonies their fight to national independence and assured US capitalism of a free development.A.错误B.正确答案:B136.The Great Plains is the eastern part of the central plain.A.错误B.正确答案:A137.Problems exist in American religion.Some of the small sects are extremely intolerant.A.错误B.正确答案:Bpared with four-year colleges,universities are generally larger in enrollment,with better libraries,more research work, and teachers with higher doctorates.A.错误B.正确答案:B139.The candidate with the most votes in a state wins all of that state’s electoral votes.This is known as the winner-take-all principle.A.错误B.正确答案:B140.The first Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in September1775to consider and act on the situation arising from the so-called Intolerable Acts passed by the Bitish Parliament.A.错误B.正确答案:A141.In April1947,just at the end of the war,a conference was called at San Francisco in America to organize the United Nations.A.错误B.正确答案:A142.Houston is located near the Gulf of Mexico and is connected with the Gulf by a deep-water channelA.错误B.正确答案:B143.The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired in LexingtonA.错误B.正确答案:B144.The executive body consists of fourteen departments and many independent agencies,including the postal service.A.错误B.正确答案:A145.During the American Revolution in1776,George Washington had his headquarters for a time in New York City.A.错误B.正确答案:B146.American’s biggest challenge is coming from Pacific Rim countries such as Japan,South Korea,and Singapore.A.错误B.正确答案:B147.Most Americans consider their religious beliefs and activities to be private matters.A.错误B.正确答案:B。

英美概况课后习题答案

----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways andthe growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election? ----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for several reasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causeslittle pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom? ----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, abouthalf of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost . the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from differentracial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis count ries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for Americ a’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing . relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more, the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. Theaccumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the . constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a . citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a . citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the . as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used . power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The . Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. TheReagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

英美概况考试题目及答案

英美概况考试题目及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 巴黎B. 伦敦C. 纽约D. 华盛顿特区答案：B2. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 4月17日C. 12月25日D. 11月11日答案：A3. 英国的官方语言是什么？A. 法语B. 德语C. 英语D. 西班牙语答案：C4. 美国最大的城市是哪个？A. 洛杉矶B. 纽约C. 芝加哥D. 休斯顿答案：B5. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 美元C. 英镑D. 日元答案：C6. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？A. 第一B. 第二C. 第三D. 第四答案：B7. 英国的哪个城市是著名的文化和艺术中心？A. 爱丁堡B. 曼彻斯特C. 利物浦D. 格拉斯哥答案：A8. 美国的哪个州被誉为“黄金之州”？A. 德克萨斯州B. 加利福尼亚州C. 佛罗里达州D. 纽约州答案：B9. 英国的哪位君主在位时间最长？A. 伊丽莎白一世B. 维多利亚女王C. 乔治三世D. 伊丽莎白二世答案：D10. 美国的哪个国家公园以其壮观的峡谷景观而闻名？A. 黄石国家公园B. 大峡谷国家公园C. 优胜美地国家公园D. 阿卡迪亚国家公园答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 英国是由______、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的联合王国。

答案：英格兰12. 美国的首都华盛顿特区是为了纪念美国的第一位总统______而命名的。

答案：乔治·华盛顿13. 英国的国花是______。

答案：玫瑰14. 美国的宪法规定了______个分支的政府。

答案：三15. 英国的______是英国君主的正式住所，也是英国王室的行政总部。

答案：白金汉宫16. 美国的______是该国最大的河流系统，流经美国的中部大平原。

答案：密西西比河17. 英国的______是该国最大的政党之一，传统上与劳动阶级联系在一起。

答案：工党18. 美国的______是该国最高法院的所在地，也是司法部门的象征。

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《英美概况（二）》（专升本）练习题一I. Fill in the following blanks in English (30points, 2 points for each bla nk).1.The dividi ng line betwee n the north and the south is ____ , with the city_________ on the border betwee n the two parts.2.Columbus discovered the new World in the year of ________ .3.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today ' s__________ in the year of ___________ .4.The ____________ officially proclaimed the birth of a new America n n ati on.5.The institution that began to assume the function of a national government duringthe America n Revoluti on was the _________ .6.The city where the Declaration of Independence was signed and where the U. S.Con stituti on was made is __________ .of the Conven ti on was _________ .8.A federal system is one in which _______________ is shared between central authorityand its con stitue nt parts with some rights reserved to each.9.The U. S. federal government consists of the following three branches: ___________ ,legislative , and _________ .10.The Con gress is divided into __________ with 435 members who serve two-yearterms, and the Sen ate with _________ lawmakers who serve six-year terms.11.In 1852, a New England woman named Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote novel titled , which intensified the political debate on slavery.12.the USAlaunched military attack coded Desert Storm on Iraq for Iraqi invasionand ann exati on of Kuwait on January 17,13.The first academic institution that a child attends is called __ .14.In the U.S.A., children are offered ___________ years of free public education.15.“ All men are created equal ” is from the document __________ .16.Thanksgiving Day falls on _________ , on which Americans give thanks forblessings they enjoy.17.Christmas is on Dec. 25 th, which is celebrated for _________ .18.Franklin Roosevelt was elected President of the US in _____ .19.There are two major denominations in America: Christian Science and ____________________that are the results of native developments.20.The basic causes of World War I lay in the ________________ , economical and ___________rivalries of the great powers.21.The period of the “Cold War ” began when ____________ came forth in March 1947.22.The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in the year of _______________ .23.In April 1949, _____________ nations established the North Atlantic TreatyOrganization to coordinate the military actions of member nations against theUSSR.24.The United States is situated in the central part of North America with its two youngeststates: Alaska and __________ .25.There _________ categories of degrees are offered by American universities.26.The term "Father of Waters" is used to refer to _______ .27.The largest freshwater lake in the world is ________ .28.The Niagara Falls is located on the US and Canadian boundary between lake and lake .29.Between the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the Rocky Mountains there is a large area ofdesert, of which _______________ is the lowest and hottest place in America.It got its name because many adventurers died here during the _________ whenexplorers rushed to California for gold.30.The __________ is the official residence of the President and to the east ofit stands the Capitol, the building where the US Congressmen meet to make laws for the nation.31.Among the Great Lakes, only Lake _________ belongs to America completely whilethe other four are shared with ________ .32.The __________ is the largest city in the US, followed by ________________ and Chicago.33.Martin Luther King was a black minister, who became a great leader of the ________________in the 1950s and 1960s.34.On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King led over 200 000 Americans on a marchin Washington . to fight for the Civil Rights Law to guarantee equality for allpeople and delivered his best-known speech “ _____________ ” before the Lincoln Memorial.35.The Americans ' ____________ is a day to honor the memory of those who have giventheir lives for their country.36.Reader's Digests founded in ____________ and published in 15 languages and 39editions, prints nearly 19 million copies a month.II ．Choose the correct answer (10 points, 1 point for each).1.Which of the following is not true about the characteristics of New EnglandA.Econo mically backward.B. Long established.C. Small-scale.D. Urba n.2.Which of the followi ng is n ot in New York CityA.Wall Street.B. The Empire State Buildi ng.C. The Black quarter of Harlem.D. Niagara Falls.3.Texas is famous for three of the followi ng except _____ .A.un restricted gambli ng and easy divorce lawsB. cowboy traditi onC. many millio nairesD. oil in dustry4.The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism exceptA.challe nging the authority of the Pope B salvati on through faithC. salvati on through the churchD. establish ing a direct con tact with God5.Which of the followi ng America n values did NOT come from Purita nismA.Separati on of state and church.B. Respect of educati on.C. I ntolera nt moralism.D. A sense of missio n.6.The followi ng were the founding fathers of the America n Republic except __________ .C. William PennD. Benjamin Fran kli n7.Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxesA.The executive.B. The legislativeC. The JudicialD. The preside nt8.Which of the followi ng is NOT a power of the preside ntA.The preside nt can veto any bill passed by Con gress.B.The preside nt has the authority to appo int federal judges whe n vaca ncies occur.C.The preside nt can make laws.regulati ons and directives regard ing the work of the federal departme nts.9.The Bill of Rights con sists of _____ .A.10 very short paragraphs in an ame ndme ntB.10 ame ndme nts adopted in 1787D.the ame ndme nts concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the pressand the freedom of religi on10.Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of RightsC.The freedom of speech and of the press.D.The right to own weap ons if on wishes.11.Which of the followi ng was NOT a Protesta nt denomin ati onA. The Baptists.B. The Catholics.C. The Methodists.D. The Presbyteria ns.12. The follow ing are disti nctively America n features of religio n except .A.Various religious groups have coexisted in the U.S. more harm onio usly tha nEuropeB.Scientific and economic advanee and material prosperity have not been accompa nied by adecli ne in religious faithC.There has been little concentration on doctrine or religion argument in theU.S.D.There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the U.S.13.In the U.S., people go to church mainly for the following except.reasonsA. for finding a job in societyB.for having a place in a communityC.for identifying themselves with dominant valuesD. for getting together with friends14.Which of the following did not take place in the 1960sA. The Anti-Vietnam War Movement.B.The Anti-drug Movement.C.Women ' s liberation Movement.D.Public protests by blacks and other minority groups.15.In the United States school system, which of the following division is trueA. Elementary school, grammar school.B.Elementary school, junior high school.C.Elementary school, secondary school.D. Junior high school, senior high school.16.The first American Thanksgiving was hosted by _________ .A. the IndiansB. the PilgrimsC. the Spanish settlersD. the French settlers17.The Pilgrims were able to survive in America because ________ .A. they received help from the IndiansB.they were supported by rich compa niesC.many ships brought them food from En gla ndD.they had sig ned the Mayflower Compact18.The leadi ng produci ng area for chemicals and mach inery is ______ .A. The East North Cen tralB. the Middle Atla ntic regio nC. the Pacific coast regi onD. the South Atla ntic regi on1 9. __________ has bee n known as the automobile capital of the world.A. New YorkB. Atla ntaC. PhiladelphiaD. Detroit20. __________ , the steel capital of the coun try, is the oldest and largest steel making cen ter.A. ChicagoB. DetroitC. PittsburgD. Birm in ghamIII.Define the followi ng terms (30 poin ts, 6 poi nts for each)2.NBC4.The New Deal5.Olympic Games6.The Con ti nen tal Con gress7.The Statue of Liberty8.Eman cipati on Proclamati on9.Franklin D. Roosevelt10.T he People ' s Temple11.Continental Congress1 2. Protestant Church13.Abraham Lincoln14.AP15.Yale UniversityIV.Answer the following questions (30 points, 10 points for each).1.Briefly describe elementary and secondary education in the USA.2.Tell the main functions of the three branches of the government.3.What are the major rivers and mountains in the USA4.In the middle of the 19 th century, how was the new American two-party system established5.What are the causes and effects of the Great Depression6.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of mass education.7.Give a brief account of America in the post World War II decade.8.What role does American government play in the development of economyth 9.Give a brief account of the U.S. overseas invasion and expansion in the 20Century.V。