高中完型填空解题指导+历年高考记叙文完型填空(含答案)
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完型填空
●解题步骤:
三遍法①通读全文、了解大意②细读语境、上下求索,找出线索③验证
●八大解题技巧
一、利用首句信息,推测语篇主旨。
完型填空通常首句不设空,目的是让考生迅速进入主题,熟悉语言环境。首句通常是文章的主题句,对理解全文和解题很有帮助。
二、寻找暗示信息,重视语境意义
完型填空主要考查考生对语境的理解,设空处的前后多有暗示,(后文暗示前文的居多)。所以做题时,要从全局来把握,把前后文的意思联系起来理解。
三、识别语篇标志,理清逻辑关系
语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位,如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词,这些词被称为“语篇标志词”。
如:表示结构层次的:firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally 等
表示因果关系的:thus,therefore,so,consequently等
表示改变话题的:by the way
表示递进关系的:besides,what’s more,further等
表示时间关系:before,so far,yet ,meanwhile,later等
表示转折,让步关系的:but ,while,on the other hand ,although等
做题时,充分利用语篇标志词,可以迅速理清文章脉络,弄清上下文关系
四、利用原词复现,寻找近义词语
完型填空正常会有某一词语在语篇中重复出现的现象。词语复现使语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯,从而构成意义意义完整的有机整体。在阅读文章的过程中,有时候也会出现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。要学会充分利用这些词所提供的有效信息进行合理的推测和判断。
五、巧用背景常识,简化判断过程
完型填空作为独立的语篇,以其自身的内容挺完整的语篇信息,其中有时渗透着相关的如科学文化、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。做题时,要积极调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识,特别是有关中西方文化差异的知识,并巧妙地加以利用。
六、注意习惯用语,熟记常见句型
答题时,对习惯用法、固定搭配和句子结构的分析可以帮助我们找出正确选项。备考中要有意识地记忆一些常用的固定搭配和习惯用法,并且学会灵活运用。常见的句型的掌握也很重要,经过反复使用的刺激后,大脑会对常见句型形成思维定式,这对确定答案是很有帮助的。
七、利用逻辑推理,确定考查知识
即通过分析句子间的逻辑关系来确定考查的知识,进而确定答案
八、巧用排除方法,缩小选择范围
当对正确选项的含义、用法不是很明白,但发现其他选项明显有误,这是可以尝试采用排
除法。所以排除法就是对选项逐一检查、验证、发现错误的立即剔除。随着选择范围的缩小,选种正确选项的概率逐渐增大。
看懂文章、理清文章脉络,弄清上下文关系,重在积累和实践!!!
常考文章类型
记叙文、夹叙夹议文
记叙文
往往有较强的趣味性,其情节较为完整,风格轻松活泼,所述情感细腻丰富,首句常交代when、where、who、what等要素。高考选文时,倾向选取积极向上的,具有教育意义的文章,注重短文本身的教育意义与情节的曲折变化。
在答题过程中,要把握关键词,文章的基调以及对动作、场景的描写,以期和作者产生共鸣。
【2019全国II卷】
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s about 250 miles f rom the hills of west-centr al lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers 41 about the small dog he had seen 42 alongside the road. He had 43 to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had 44 .
Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 45 dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove 46 . After a long and careful 47 . Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 48 away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49 . It just started licking(舔)Ehlers’ face.
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50 as lost in the local paper. The ad had a 51 number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers 52 the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53 their dog.
Jeff had 54 in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched 55 for Rosie in the next four days.
Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who 56 enough to go to that kind of 57 ,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue 58 .
I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 59 to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be 60 to go that extra mile.”