2019年12月英语四级备考笔记：长篇阅读篇
2019年12月四级深度阅读真题详解
2019年12⽉四级深度阅读真题详解2019年12⽉四级深度阅读真题详解第⼀套Passage OneQuestion 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. 56-60 ACBDBChildren are a delight(=hapiness/joy). They are our future. (56)But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them while you go to work is getting more expensive by the year.Earlier this month, it was reported that the cost of enrolling an infant or small kid at a childcare center rose 3% in 2012, faster than the overall cost of living. There are now large strip s(狭长地带) of the country where daycare for an infant(57)This is not necessarily a new trend,but it is a somewhat puzzling one. The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s. Yet during that time, pay for professional childcare workers has stood still. Actually(=in fact)are responsible for up to 80% of a daycare center's expenses, one would expect flat wages to have meant flat prices.So who's to blame for higher childcare costs?Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details. (58)And the stricter the regulation s, the higher the costs. If it(保育中⼼) has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economics of scale on labor to save money (通过压缩劳动⼒成本来省钱)when other expenses go up. (59) In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infant s, the price of care averaged more than $16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teacher for every five infant s, the price of care averaged less than $5,000.Unfortunately, I don't have all the daycare-center regulations handy. (60)elaborate, prices have risen. The tradeoff(交换(60)But certainly, it doesn't seem to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulate d(=rule/manage) South.56. What problem do parents of small kids have to face?A) The ever-rising childcare prices. B) The budgeting of family expenses.C) The balance between work and family. D) The selection of a good daycare center.57. What does the author feel puzzled about?A) Why the prices of childcare vary greatly from state to state.B) Why increased childcare prices have not led to better service.C) Why childcare workers' pay has not increased with the rising childcare costs.D) Why there is a severe shortage of childcare professionals in a number of states.58. What prevents childcare centers from saving money?A) Steady increase in labor costs. B) Strict government regulations.C) Lack of support from the state. D) High administrative expenses.【解析】infant['?nf?nt]n.baby/child 婴/幼⼉；未成年⼈59. Why is the average cost of childcare in Mississippi much lower than in Massachusetts?A) The overall quality of service is not as good. B) Payments for caregivers there are not as high.D) Each teacher is allowed to care for more kids.60. What is the author’s view on daycare service?A)Caregivers should receive regular professional training. B) Less elaborate rules about children might lower costs. C) It is crucial to strike a balance between quality and costs. D) It is better for different states to learn from each other. 【解析】elaborate[?'l?b?r?t]adj. cdetailed/full精⼼制作/复杂/详尽/煞费苦⼼的Passage TwoQuestions 61-65 are based on the following passage. 61-65DDCBC(61)Alex Pang's amusing new book The Distraction Addiction (分⼼成瘾)addresses(v.向…讲话). And that, he claims,is pretty much all of us. When we're not online, where we spend four months annually, we're engaged in the stressful work of trying to get online.(62)The Distraction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book(并⾮励志类图书)overdose(过度使⽤) and a historical overview(历史性概述) of how technological advances(科技进步) change consciousness(意识). A “professional futurist”, Pang urges an approach which he calls “contemplative (沉思的” He asks that you pay full attention to “”(63)Pang's first job is to free you from the (常见的错误认识) that doing two things at once allows you to get more done（同时做两件事效率更⾼）. multitasking(多重任务) is, in fact, switch-tasking, and its harmful effects on productivity are well documented(有据可查的). Pang doesn't advocate returning to a pre-Internet world. Instead, he asks you to “take a more ecological (⽣态的) view of your relationships with technologies and look for ways devices or media may be making specific tasks easier or faster but at the same time making your work and life har der.”The Distraction Addiction is particularly fascinating on how technologies have changed certain fields of labor—often for the worse. (64) “Architecture is first and foremost about thinking...and drawing is a more productive way of thinking”. Somewhat less amusing are Pang's solutions for kicking the Internet habit. (65)usual behavior-modification approaches(常见的⾏为矫正法) Keep logs to(记录下上⽹⽇志) study your online profile(上⽹概况) and decide what you can knock out(剔除), download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser, or take a “digital Sabbath(安息⽇)”: “Unless you're a reporter or emergency-department doctor, you'll discover that your world doesn't fall apart when you go offline.”61. Alex Pang's new book is aimed for readers who________.A) find their work online too stressful B) go online mainly for entertainment【解析】62. What does Alex Pang try to do in his new book?A) Offer advice on how to use the Internet effectively. B) Warn people of the possible dangers of internet use.C) Predict the trend of future technological development. D) Examine the influence of technology on the human mind.63. What is the on multitasking?A) It enables people to work more efficiently. B) It is a way quite similar to switch-tasking.C) It makes people's work and life even harder. D) It distracts people's attention from useful work.64. What does the author think of ?A) It considerably cuts down the cost of building design. B) It somewhat restrains architects' productive thinking. C) It is indispensable in architects' work process. D) It can free architects from laborious drawing.【解析】restrain /r??stre?n/vt. restrict/control/stop/prevent抑/控制；约束；制⽌first and foremost/?fm??st/⾸先；⾸要地/的是productive thinking有成效的思维⽅式65. What is Ales Pang's for Internet users?A) They use the Internet as little as possible.C) They exercise self-control over their time online. D) They entertain themselves online on off-days only.【解析】keep logs to保存⽇志/聊天记录第⼆套Passage oneQuestions 56 to 60are based on the following passage.(1)New Yorkers are gradually getting used to more pedaling (骑车) passengers on those blazing blue Citi Bikes. But what about local bike shops? Is Citi Bike rolling up(increase) riders at their expense(在损害他们的利益/情况下)？(2)At Gotham Bikes in Tribeca, a manager W. Ben said the shop has seen an increase in its overall sales(总销售额) dueto(=as a result of) the bike-share program. "It's getting more people on the road" he said. (5)James Ryan, an employee at Danny's Cycles in Gramercy also said Citi Bike is a good option(=choice) for people to ease into biking in acity famed for its traffic jams and and aggressive(好⽃的) driversRentals are not a big part of the business at either Gotham Bikes or Danny's Cycles.(3) But for Frank's Bike Shop, a small business on Grand St., the bike-share program has been bad news. Owner Frank Arroyo said his rental business has decreased by 90% since the Citi Bikes were rolled out last month. Arroyo's main rental customers are European tourists, who have since been drawn away by Citi Bikes.However,(5) Ben said the bike-share is good for bike sales at his shop. "People have used the bike-share and realized how great it is to bike in the city, then decide that they want something nicer for themselves," he noted.(5) Christian Farrell of Waterfront Bicycle Shop, on West St. just north of Christopher St., said initially(=at first) he was concerned about(=worried about)bike-share, though, he admitted, "I was happy to see people on bikes. "Ave.(4)"It seemed like a great idea, but one that would be difficult to implement," Crooks said of Citi Bike. He said he worried about (be concerned about)inexperienced riders' lack of awareness(知道，认识) of biking rules andbacklash(强烈反对) from non-cyclists. However, he said, it's still too early to tell if his business has beenimpact ed(=influence).While it's possible bike-share will cause a drop in business, Crooks allowed that the idea is a positive step forward for New York City.56 . What is the author's chief concern about the increasing use of Citi Bikes in New York?A How non-cyclists will respond to it.B Whether local bike shops will suffer.C Whether local bike businesses will oppose it.D How the safety of bike riders can be ensured.57 . What happened to Gotham Bikes as a result of (due to)the bike-share program?A It found its bike sales unaffected.B It shifted its business to rentals.C It saw its bike sales on the rise.D It rented more bikes to tourists.58 . Why is the bike-share program bad news for Frank's Bike Shop?A It cannot meet the demand of the bike—share program.B Its customers have been drawn away by (被吸引⾛了)CitiBikes.C Its bike prices have to be lowered again and again.59. Why did Andrew Crooks think that the bike—share program would be difficult to execute(=implement)?A inexperienced riders might break biking rules.B Conflicts might arise among bike rental shops.C Traffic conditions might worsen in the downtown area.【解析】execute vt. carry out/put into practice/implement实/执⾏；处死/决60 . What is the general attitude(总体态度) of local bike shops towards Citi Bike?A Wait-and-see(等待并观望).B Negative(消极否定的).C Indifferent(漠不关⼼的).D Approving(认可的). Passage TwoQuestions 61to 65 are based on the following passage. 61-65 CBCAD(61)Various studies have shown that increased spending on education has not led to measurableimprovements(带来显著提⾼) in learning. Between 1980 and 2008,staff and teachers at U.S. public schools grew roughly twice as fast as students. Yet students showed no additional learning in achievement tests.Universities show similar trends of increased administration personnel and costs without greater learning, as documented in Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa's recent book Academically Adrift Limited Learning on College Campuses.A survey shows that 63% of employers say that recent college graduates don't have the skills they need to succeed and 25% of employers say that entry-level writing skills are lacking.(62)Some simplistically attribute the decline in our public education system to the drain of the skilled students by private schools, but far more significant events were at work.Public schools worked well until about the 1970s. In fact, until that time, public schools provided far better education than private ones. It was the under performing students who were threw out of public schools and went to private ones.(63)A prominent reason public schools did well was that many highly qualified women had few options for working outside the house other than being teachers or nurses. They accepted relatively low pay, difficult working conditions, and gave their very best.Having such a large supply of talented women teachers meant that society could pay less for their services. (64) Women's liberation opened up new professional(职业/专门的) opportunities for women, and, over time, some of the bestA Achievement tests have failed to truly reflect the quality of teaching.with private schools．C Little improvement in education has resulted from increased spending．D The number of students has increased much faster than that of teachers62. How do some people explain the decline in public education?A Government investment does not meet schools' needs．B Skilled students are moving to private schoolsC Qualified teachers are far from adequately paidD Training of students' basic skills is neglected．【解析】attribute … to…([?'tr?bju?t]=due to) 把……归因于……drain/dre?n/ n. flow out/consume/use up(资源/资⾦的) 外流; 消耗63. What was a significant contributor(重⼤的贡献/重要因素) to the past glory of public schools?A Well-behaved students.B Efficient administration.C Talented women teachers.D Generous pay for teachers.【解析】prominent['pr?m?n?nt]adj. obvious/excellent /remarkable /brilliant/outstanding/marked突出/显著/杰出/卓越的64. Why did some of the best women teachers leave teaching?A New career opportunities were made available to them by women's liberation.B Higher academic requirements made it difficult for them to stay in their jobs.C They were unhappy with the bureaucratic administration in their schools.D The heavy teaching loads left them little time and energy for family life.65. What does the author think is one of the results of government involvement in education?A Increasing emphasis on theories of education.B Highly standardized teaching methods.C Students' improved academic performance.D An ever-growing number of administration(管理，监管).【解析】dictate vt.rule/set；规定,命令；指⽰;⼝述；听写第三套56—60BBCAD 61—65 BCBADPassage one56. The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments t’s tremendous impacts has only just begun.“Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, 57. and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global,” Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book. The New Digital Age.58t’s that authors don’t spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these weeping changes.In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes — and more importantly predicts —59.and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual.At the core of the book is the idea that “technology is neutral, but people aren’t.” By using this concept as a starting poin t, 60.the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy(对⽴观点)that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of theInternet,they’(监视).56、In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph?A.It transforms human history.C.It is adopted by all humanity.D.It revolutionizes people's thinking.【解析】transformative developments[tr?ns'f?:m?tiv]⾰命性的发展57、How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet?A.They are immeasurable.B.They are worldwide.C.They are unpredictable.D.They are contaminating.58、In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate?A.It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology.B.It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet.C.It lacks an objective evaluation of the role of Internet businesses.59、What will the future be like when everybody gets online?A.People will be living in two different realities.B.People will have equal access to information.C.Peop le don’t have to travel to see the world.D.People don’60、What does the passage say about the authors of The New Digital Age?A.They leave many questions unanswered concerning the Internet.B.They are optimistic about the future of the Internet revolution.C.They have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world.D.They don’t take sides in analyzing the effects of the Internet.Passage two61. In 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year the average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage(抵押贷款)payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings.62. Other members of the autoworker’s family, however might be less inclined to tried the present for the pastIn most stales, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.63. Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts(职位相当的⼈),white racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working –class families.Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past.64spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.6561、What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?A.They had less job security than they do today.B.It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.C.Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.D.They were better off than workers in other industries.62、What does the author about retired people today?A.They invariably long to return to the golden past.B.They do not depend so much on social welfare.C.They feel more secure economically than in the past.D.They are usually unwilling to live with their children.【解析】 be less inclined to不倾向于,就不会那么想,更不想however might be less inclined to tried the present for the past.但是可能更倾向于尝试现在⽽不是过去. spouse/spa?s/n.couple/sexual partner 配偶vt. 和…结婚63、Why couldn’t black workers buy a house in a white suburban neighborhood ?A.They lacked the means of transportation.B.They were subjected to racial inequality.C.They were afraid to break the law.D.They were too poor to afford it.64、What is the result of no-fault divorce ?A.Divorce is easier to obtain.B.Domestic violence is lessened.C.It causes little pain to either side.D.It contributes to social unrest.65 、What does the author suggest society do?A.Get prepared to face any new challenges.B.Try to better the current social security.C.Narrow the gap between blacks and whites.D.Improve the lives of families with problems。
【资格考试】2019最新整理--(备考辅导)大学英语四级考试阅读30天学习笔记(12)
——教学资料参考参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理--(备考辅导)大学英语四级考试阅读30天学习笔记(12)______年______月______日____________________部门Mr. Gretz calculates that if solar energy only provided three percent of the EEC's needs, this could still produce a saving of about a billion pounds in the present bill for imported energy each year. And he believes that with the possibility of utilizing more advanced technology in this field it might be possible to satisfy a much bigger share of the Community's future energy needs.27. Some scientists believe that a breakthrough in the use of solar energy depends on __________.A) sufficient fundingB) further experimentsC) advanced technologyD) well-equipped laboratories注：A选项讲到资金；C讲第三段，为窜段选项；D涉及句子次要成分的选项，●涉及句子当中主要成分选项优选于涉及次要成分选项，次要成分包括：插入语，同位语The senior West German scientist in charge of the Community's solar energy program, Mr. Joachim Gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three percent of the Community's energy requirements even。
2019年12月大学英语四级阅读200篇第124篇：香格里拉的波波族
2019年12月大学英语四级阅读200篇汇总Bobos1 In Shangr i-LaJust when China's new affluents have begun to enjoy their xiaozi, or bourgeois lifestyle( a downtown apartment, flashy automobiles and Starbucks mochaccinos ) , along comes a book from America to stir up their lifestyles. Recently young Chinese have been snapping up2 copies of the newly translated version of “Bobos in Paradise 3”, by American author David Brooks. The book’s thesis —that the bohemian spirit of the 1960 s has come together with the acquisitive impulses of the 1980 s to create the hybrid bourgeois-bohemian, a. k. a. 4 the Bobo —has sparked debate all around China .“All my friends are talking about the Bobos, ”one Beijing book shopper told the official Xinhua News Agency. Clubs have been formed offering lectures and discussions on the Bobo Lifestyle , and Bobo magazines are appearing on newsstands. Chinese Bobos are being targeted by everyone from real- estate agents to mobile phone companies. A local businessman opened the Bar in Beijing, which is fitted with computers so customers can check their e -mail while sitting on rustic Chinese furniture hand-picked by the owner from peasant villages. Web sites keep springing up to help people determine if they are“Bobo qualified”, and if so, how to act appropriately.As the“pleased and surprised”Brooks waits to see whetherhe’ll get his fair share of author royalties out of the phenomenon (“I mean, that’s a billion copies, ”he told journalist) , Beijing is breeding its fair share of Bobo-bashers. Another journalist says the average Chinese person has a strong disdain for the nouveau riche5 . He wonders how many Chinese today earn enough to be considered a Bobo. And, he argues, those who do are more bourgeois than bohemian.“We have people with a lot of money, but there’s no social consciousness. ”He says. “Rich people don’t care about the environment, unemployment, rural problems or mine disasters. ”练习题：Ⅰ. Matching:1. flashy A. despise2. hand-picked B. fashionable3. disdain C. selected4. trendy D. pastoral5. rustic E. sparklingⅡ. Questions :1. Give some examples to represent the lifestyle of“xiaozi”.2. According to the last paragraph, what can you infer about rich Chinese答案：Ⅰ. 1. E 2. C 3. A 4 . B 5 . DⅡ. 1. A downtown apartment; flashy automobiles; Starbucks mochaccinos . ..2. According to the above passage, we know that many Chinese are only to show offrather than to be Bobos. It seems that they have nothing but money. They havesplendid villas, modern cars and luxurious clothes, but they lack social-consciousness.They show little concern about environment, unemployment and rural problems.All of these make them somebody of egoist.译文：香格里拉的波波族中国的新贵们刚刚开始享受“小资”生活, 或曰资产阶级的生活———市中心有一套公寓,坐花哨汽车和喝斯达巴克的摩卡咖啡。
2019年12月英语四级阅读理解备考练习及答案(一)
2019年12月英语四级阅读理解备考练习及答案(一) Questions 56-60 are based on the following passage.Is it possible to persuade mankind to livewithout war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for atleast sixthousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past thehuman race managed to live withit. Modern ingenuity (创造力) has changed this. Either Man will abolishwar, or war will abolish Man. For thepresent, it is nuclear weapons that causethe most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons, maybeforelong, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclearweapons, our work will not be done. Itwill never be done until we havesucceeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind tolookupon international questions in a new way, not as contests of forec, inwhich the victory goes to the side which ismost skillful in killing people, butby arbitration (调解. in accordance with agreedprinciples of law. It is not easyto change very old mental habits, but this iswhat must be attempted.There are those who say that the adoptionoft_his or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be abigerror.All ideologies are based on dogmatic ( 教条式的. statements which are, at best, doubtful, and atworst,totallyfalse. Their adherents believe in them fanatically (狂热地. that they are willing to go to war in support ofthem.Themovement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely suchas we can welcome. Ithas become acommonplace ( 老生长谈. that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficultproblemsremain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approachedis a better one than it was some years ago. Ithas begun to be thought, even bythe powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides donot find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to beunderstoodthat the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, butbetween Man and the atombomb.56、This passage implies thatwar now is _________A.worse than in the pastB.as badas in the pastC.not so dangerous as in the pastD.as necessary as in the past57、In the sentence "To dothis, we need to persuade mankind... "(Line 6, Para.1 ), "this" refers to _________A.solving international problemsB.improving weaponsC.abolishing warD.living a peaceful life58、From Paragraph 2 we learnthat the author of the passageA.is a supporter of some modem ideologiesB.does not think that the adoption of any ideology could prevent warC.believes that the adoption of some ideologies could prevent warD.has no doubt about the truth of any ideologies59、The last paragraph suggeststhat_________A.international agreements can be reached more easily nowB.man begins to realize the danger of nuclear warC.nuclear war will definitely not take placeD.world opinion welcomes nuclear war60、According to theauthor,_________.A.war is the only way to solve internatioual disputesB.war will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weaponsC.it is impossible for man to live without warD.war must be abolished if man wants to survive答案解析：56-60 ACBAD。
2019年12月英语四级考试阅读习题及答案解析(1)
2019年12月英语四级考试阅读习题及答案解析(1)iv style="height：40px; width：100%; border：1px dashed#99CCFF; margin：10px auto;">Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts __1__ questions, and so on.For most of the time this “conversation” go es on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become__2__ of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between __3__ and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level.Different people __4__ with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is __5__ in the text. The latter represents __6__ levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.There is another conversation which from our point of view is __7__ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as __8__ to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the __9__ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well__10__. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.A)opposed B)converse C)equally D)writtenE)developed F)strategies G)compared H)awakeI)higher J)expectations K)deal L)absolutelyM)aware N)better O)further参考答案及解析：1. 选 O )。
英语四级阅读长篇阅读练习1
英语四级阅读长篇阅读练习1四级阅读长篇阅读练习1：A University Degree No Longer Confers Financial Securitylions of school-leavers in the rich world are about to bid a tearful goodbye to their parents and start a new life at university. Some are inspired by a pure love of learning. But most also believe that spending three or four years at university--and accumulating huge debts in the process--will boost their chances of landing a well-paid and secure job.B.Their elders have always told them that education is the best way to equip themselves to thrive in a globalised world. Blue-collar workers will see their jobs outsourced and automated, the familiar argument goes. School dropouts will have to cope with a life of cash-strapped (资金紧张的) insecurity. But the graduate elite will have the world at its feet. There is some evidence to support this view. A recent study from Georgetown Universitys Centre on Education and the Workforce argues that"obtaining a post-secondary credential ( 证书) is almost always worth it." Educational qualifications are tightly correlated with earnings: an American with a professional degree can expect to pocket $3.6m over a lifetime; one with merely a high- school diploma can expect only $1.3m. The gap between more- and less-educated earners may be widening. A study in 2002 found that someone with a bachelors degree could expect to earn75% more over a lifetime than someone with only a high-school diploma. Today the disparity is even greater.C.But is the past a reliable guide to the future? Or are we at the beginning of a new phase in the relationship between jobs and education? There are good reasons for thinking that old patterns are about to change--and that the current recession-driven downturn (衰退) in the demand for Western graduates will morph (改变) into something structural. The strong wind of creative destruction that has shaken so manyblue-collar workers over the past few decades is beginning to shake the cognitive elite as well.D.The supply of university graduates is increasing rapidly. The Chronicle of Higher Education calculates that between 1990 and 2007 the number of students going to university increased by 22% in North America, 74% in Europe, 144% in Latin America and 203% in Asia. In 2007 150m people attended university around the world, including 70m in Asia. Emerging economies—specially China--are pouring resources into building universities that can compete with the elite of America and Europe. They are also producing professional- services firms snch as Tata Consulting Services and Infosys that take fresh graduates and turn them into world-class computer programmers and consultants. The best and the brightest of the rich world must increasingly compete with the best and the brightest from poorer countries who are willing to work harder for less money.E. At the same time, the demand for educated labor is being reconfigured (重新配置) by technology, in much the same way that the demand for agricultural labor was reconfigured in the 19th century andthat for factory labor in the 20th. Computers can not only perform repetitive mental tasks much faster than human beings. They can also empower amateurs to do what professionals once did: why hire aflesh-and-blood accountant to complete your tax return when Turbotax (a software package ) will do the job at a fraction of the cost? And the variety of jobs that computers can do is multiplying as programmers teach them to deal with tone and linguistic ambiguity.F.Several economists, including Paul Krugman, have begun to argue that post-industrial societies will be characterized not by a relentless rise in demand for the educated but by a great "hollowing out", as mid-level jobs are destroyed by smart machines and high-level job growth slows. David Autor, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), points out that the main effect of automation in the computer era is not that it destroys blue-collar jobs but that it destroys any job that can be reduced to a routine. Alan Blinder of Princeton University, argues that the jobs graduates have traditionally performed are if anything more "offshorable" than low-wage ones. A plumber or lorry-drivers job cannot be outsourced to India. A computer programmers can.G. A university education is still a prerequisite for entering some of the great industries, such as medicine, law and academia (学术界), that provide secure and well-paying jobs. Over the 20th century these industries did a wonderful job of raising barriers to entry--sometimes for good reasons (nobody wants to be operated on by a barber) and sometimes for self-interested ones. But these industries are beginning to bend the roles. Newspapers are fighting a losing battle with the blogosphere. Universities are replacing tenure-track professors with non-tenured staff. Law firms are contracting out routine work such as"discovery"(digging up documents relevant to a lawsuit) to computerized-search specialists such as Blackstone Discovery. Even doctors are threatened, as patients find advice online and treatment in Walmarts new health centers.H.Thomas Malone of MIT argues that these changes--automation, globalizafion and deregulation--may be part of a bigger change: the application of the division of labor to brain-work. Adam Smiths factory managers broke the production of pins into 18 components. In the same way, companies are increasingly breaking the production of brain-work into ever tinier slices. TopCoder chops up IT projects into bite-sized chunks and then serves them up to a worldwide workforce of freelance coders.I.These changes will undoubtedly improve the productivity ofbrain-workers. They will allow consumers to sidestep (规避 ) the professional industries that have extracted high rents for their services. And they will empower many brain-workers to focus on what they are best at and contract out more tedious tasks to others. But the reconfiguration of brain-work will also make life far less cozy and predictable for the next generation of graduates.46. The creative destruction that has happened to blue-collar workers in the past also starts to affect the cognitive elite.47. For the next generation of graduates, life will be far less comfortable and predictable with brain-work reconfigured.48. After computers are taught by programmers to deal with tone and linguistic ambiguity, the variety of jobs they can do will increase dramatically.49. Most school-leavers believe that, despite the huge debts they owe, going to university will increase their chances of getting secure jobs with high salaries.50. Modern companies are more likely to break the production of intellectual work into ever tinier slices.51. A scholar of Princeton University claims that the jobs traditionally taken by graduates are more likely to be offshored than low-wage ones.52. The income gap between an American professional degree holder and an American high-school graduate shows income is closely related to educational qualifications.53. The changes in the division of brain-work will save consumers some high service fees the professional organizations charge.54. Some students have always been told that. to achieve success ina globalised world, it is most advisable to equip themselves with education.55. Emerging economies are providing a lot of resources to build universities to compete with the elite of America and Europe.【参考译文】大学文凭不再提供铁饭碗A.发达国家的数百万高中毕业生将要含泪告别他们的父母，开始全新的大学生活。
2019四级考试阅读学习笔记(11)
2019四级考试阅读学习笔记(11)No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that womenwill put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women' s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.Question 21 to 25 are based on the following passage：21. Teachers are different in their opinions about_______A) the difficulties in teaching spellingB) the role of spelling in general language developmentC) the complexities of the basic writing skillsD) the necessity of teaching spelling22. The expression "play safe" probably means ________A) to write carefullyB) to do as teachers sayC) to use dictionaries frequentlyD) to avoid using words one is not sure of23. Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that _________A) students will be able to express their ideas more freelyB) teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakesC) students will have more confidence in writingD) students will learn to be independent of teachers24. The writer seems to think that the teacher's judgement on that sensitive piece of writing is ____________.A) reasonableB) unfairC) foolishD) careless25. The major point discussed in the passage is ________A) the importance of developing writing skillsB) the complexities of spellingC) the correct way of marking compositionsD) the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition。
英语四级长篇阅读方法（精选3篇）
英语四级长篇阅读方法英语四级长篇阅读方法(精选3篇)一般的四级长篇阅读文章的长度一般在1000词左右，考生的答题时间应控制在15分钟左右，判断每个句子的正误。
那你想知道英语四级长篇阅读方法有哪些吗?下面小编给大家分享英语四级长篇阅读方法，希望能够帮助大家!英语四级长篇阅读方法【篇1】做题目时首先速读这一篇文章的标题及首尾两段(对于有小标题的文章，也要速读小标题)，快速了解文章的主题以及要讲的内容。
通读题目，了解意思，并用笔分别标出每题的关键词或词组，每题可选一至两个。
但注意选取的关键词不能是该文章讨论的话题，如题目中的主题为Halloween,那么题目中就不能选Halloween作为关键词。
一般来说，关键词一般为实词、数字、年份及专有名词当题目句子不易找出关键词时，我们可以通过提炼句中的核心词来归纳句子的主题，核心主题词虽然不是通常意义上的关键词，但是也可以通过我们提炼的核心词来与文中的信息相比配带着关键词浏览文章。
浏览文章时不需要弄懂每一句话的意思，主要是寻找跟自己所划的关键词一致或同义的词句。
并用笔划出每段的中心句或关键词，方面后面自己与题目核对根据段落主题缩窄查找范围。
虽然信息比配的题目均为文章的具体细节，但其细节信息往往与所在段落主题是相一致的，所以我们可以通过匹配段落的主题与题目讲述的主题来缩窄查找范围，甚至可以据此作快速定位。
一般段落首尾通常是该段的主题句。
利用“同义替换”原则快速判断。
在信息基本定位后，我们需要确定核对原文信息与题目是否一致，这时可根据“同义替换”原则做出判断。
题目基本都是对文中某一句话的同义转述，也有可能是对文中某几句话的综述概括。
同义转述主要方式包括:意思相同或相近的词或词组的转换、反义词转换、同根词词性转换、句式的变换、语态的转换等做题时要采取先易后难的策略，增加自己的答题速读和命中率。
浏览一遍文章，可以先解决容易的题目，对于答案线索较少的题目，可再重新研读，题目与文章交替阅读，直至做完英语四级长篇阅读方法【篇2】一.四级长篇阅读题目的特点顺序错乱，之前四级长篇阅读的题目是将句意与原文结合，判断这个句子是属于哪一段。
四级考试阅读备考笔记(4)
四级考试阅读备考笔记（4）注：1.其次段：在十九世纪之前，对海洋感到饶有兴趣的科学家很少，可以推断本文依据时间挨次来描述海洋学进展的过程。
2.further 跟在to 后面是个动词，表示推动前进。
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question What is at the bottom of the oceans? had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.注：1. remote 遥远的2. and with...多重复合句3. intercontinental 洲际的(Inter 在之间，continent 大洲)4. let alone 更不用说5. first time 由不感到饶有兴趣转折到感到饶有兴趣，谓语是was6. 其次句that引导同位语从句，when引导表语从句，整句意思为当有人基于商业目的建议在美国和欧洲之间铺设电报电缆的时候，人们才提出问题：海底是什么?7.route 路线router 路由器It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.注：1. it was ...that...强调句型2. turn to sb. for sth. 向某人请教某事3. 消失问题中划线词：Maury,1840s3. investigate 调查，测量The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that therewas no life in the deeper parts of the sea.注：1.not until 引导的句子要倒装2.living growth 生物3.a fact 作同位语4.contemporary 当代的5.defy 前后意思相反，可以推出24题答案为C24. Defied in the 5th paragraph probably means ________A) doubted B) gave proof toC) challenged D) agreed to注：词汇题，定位倒数其次段。
2019年12月四级阅读
2019年12月四级阅读2019年12月四级阅读赏析：一次难忘的旅行我曾经参加过一次难忘的旅行，那是在2019年12月的一个寒冷的冬天。
那是一次与朋友们一起去探索自然风光的旅程。
我们选择了一个风景秀丽的小镇作为目的地，这个小镇被群山环绕，湖水清澈见底，给人一种宁静和祥和的感觉。
早晨，当我们一行人来到小镇时，被眼前的景色惊艳到了。
湖水如镜，倒映着山峦和蓝天白云，宛如一幅画卷。
微风拂过，带来了一丝清新的气息，让人心旷神怡。
我们在湖边散步，欣赏着四周的美景，不时拍下一些照片，记录下这美好的瞬间。
接下来，我们决定爬上山顶，欣赏整个小镇的全景。
山路崎岖而陡峭，但是我们毫不畏惧，一步一步地向上攀登。
当我们终于登上山顶时，我被眼前的景象惊呆了。
从这个高度俯瞰小镇，整个小镇宛如一个童话世界，房屋错落有致，花草树木繁盛茂密。
远处的山脉在阳光的照射下泛起了金色的光芒，真是美不胜收。
下山后，我们来到小镇的一个古老的庙宇参观。
这座庙宇已经有几百年的历史，尽管历经沧桑，但仍然庄严肃穆。
庙宇内供奉着一尊古代的佛像，佛像金光闪闪，散发着神圣的气息。
我们在这里燃起了香火，祈求着生活的安宁和幸福。
晚上，我们在小镇的一家特色餐馆品尝当地的美食。
这里的菜肴口味独特，让人回味无穷。
我们边品尝美食，边交流着旅行中的点点滴滴，笑声不断，气氛十分愉快。
这次旅行虽然只是短暂的几天，但却给我留下了深刻的印象。
在这个寒冷的冬天，我感受到了大自然的宏伟和神奇，也感受到了友情的温暖和珍贵。
这次旅行让我更加热爱生活，也更加珍惜和朋友们在一起的时光。
回到家后，我将这次旅行的照片整理了一下，分享给了我的家人和其他朋友。
他们看到这些照片后也表示了对这个小镇的喜爱和向往。
我相信，这个小镇会成为越来越多人心中的旅行目的地，他们也会像我一样留下美好的回忆。
这次旅行让我明白了旅行的意义。
旅行不仅能让我们放松身心，还能让我们更好地了解世界的多样性和美丽。
我想告诉每一个人，不论是繁忙的工作还是压力重重的生活，都应该抽出时间去旅行，去感受大自然的奇妙和人与人之间的情感。
2019大学英语四级考试阅读学习笔记(8)
2019大学英语四级考试阅读学习笔记(8)Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.注：1.interact 交往，相互影响2.positive 正面的 negative 负面的3.本段是多余段落，例证第一种 classical conditioning4.mean a. 卑鄙的11. The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ____.A) teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotionB) give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learningC) give parents some advice on how to modify their children's emotions through learningD) discuss with psychologist how positive and negative feelings are produced注：主题题，第一段主题句为第二句In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called "classical conditioning". This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment, It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother's face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion.12.If your jokes often find already echo in a person, you will learn though ____ that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.A) classical conditioningB) operant conditioningC) neither of themD) some other sorts of conditioning注：应用题13. If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a typical example of learningthrough ____.A) classical conditioningB) operant conditioningC) both of themD) neither of them注：应用题， furry 有毛的14. In the third paragraph, the author is ____.A) discussing how we grow and have new experiences every dayB) talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioningC) concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so onD) using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning注：主题题，末端首句也是结论句Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people anddislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.15. In the following paragraphs the author will most probably go on to discuss _____.A) definitions of positive feelings and negative feelingsB) the third kind of learningC) further examples of learning through operant conditioningD) none of the above注：第一段讲classical conditioning，第二段讲operant conditioning，第三段讲classical conditioning，第四段应该讲operant conditioning。
2019年12月最新大学英语四级(cet-4)阅读冲刺独家资料-98页文档资料
大学英语四级阅读冲刺独家资料——黄涛Part IV深度阅读(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)选词填空做题步骤和技巧：~1．羞15仝望词，”............................,..,.....,..,....................,.．一O2．回到压文，边读边做题，，。
3．选词依据是____ 。
4．注意一致性：____ 。
5．不选望词的特点。
SectionA :' .Questions 47 t0 56 are based on the following::passage.. .' .Some'years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travelthrough Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly 47 to know myway around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was 48 to a littlecollege French.I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, 49 unfamiliar with localgeography or transportation systems, set up 50 and do research? It seemed impossible, andwith considerable(相当大的) si i sat down to write a letter begging off(请求不去).Halfway through, a thought ran through(掠过) my mind: you can't leam if you don't try. So Iaccepted the assignment.There were some bad 52 . But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experiencedtraveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places,without guides or even 53 bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _54 . But each time you trysomething, you leam, and as the leaming piles up, the world opens to you.I've learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a _55 . And I know I'II go ondoing such things. It's not because I am braver or more daring than others. I am not. But I'llaccept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe Ican _56 wonders.A) accomplish B) advancedC) balloonD) claim E) constantlyF) declareG) interviews H) limited I) manufactureJ) moments K) news L) reducedM) regret N) scary ' O) totally四级快速阅读方法：1．先看题干，然后找出信号词，．2．按段阅读，按段做题，快速查找出题的句子，并理解句义；、3．回到题目，挑出正确答案。
2019年12月英语四级阅读200篇第129篇：施瓦辛格：州长终结者
2019年12月大学英语四级阅读200篇汇总Schwarzenegger To Run For GovernorThe Terminator has a dream —he wants to be the"Governator1 "of California and follow in the footsteps of another Hollywood hero who gave up acting for a greater stage —Ronald Reagan.Action hero Arnold Schwarzenegger unexpectedly threw himself into the race for California governor on August 6, 2003 in a show-stopping2 announcement that heralded a spectacular campaign.The surprise decision by one of the screen's biggest stars followed weeks of speculation about whether he would try to terminate the career of California governor Gray Davis in a historic recall3 vote . The Austrian-born actor, 56 , who became a U. S. citizen in 1983, has been toying for years with the idea of flexing his muscles at the ballot box instead of the box office. But after blowing hot and cold for weeks, aides had expected the star to bow to the concerns of his wife about the effect on their four children and stay out of the October gubernatorial race.He might have spent years playing a futuristic robot in the"Terminator"blockbusters, but Schwarzenegger has shown himself to be politically astute off screen, building a strong profile within the Republican Party and garnering grass-roots supportthrough his work for the Special Olympics and other sports programs. In 2000, he considered, but decided against, making a run for California governor. Three years on, Schwarzenegger has more name recognition , more personal wealth —30 million alone for the latest"Terminator" installment —and more charisma than any of the other candidates.Thirty years ago, the 6 ft-2ins body-builder came to America looking for fame and fortune in the movies, hampered by an unpronounceable name and a thick accent. Success was hard to come by initially and he focused on body-building, winning seven Mr Olympia titles and earning himself the nickname"the Austrian Oak". He eventually graduated to the title role in"Conan the Barbarian"in 1982 and later the 1984 sci-fi4 action move"The Terminator"which made him into a superstar.His marriage to one of the ( Democratic ) Kennedy clan5—TV journalist Maria Shriver —looked for a while as if it might hamper his political ambitions. Shriver was reported to be worried about the effects of a time -consuming and high-profile political campaign —let alone a possible win —on their four young children, but also told Schwarzenegger she would support him whatever his decision."Yes, she 's a Democrat6 , "said Schwarzenegger" and this is the first time she 's going to vote for a Republican . "练习题：Ⅰ. Fill in e ach blank:1. The Terminator has a dream —he wants to be the"Governator"of California and( 追随) another Hollywood hero Ronald Reagan , who gave up acting for a greater stage.2. Action hero Arnold Schwarzenegger unexpectedly ( 参与竞争) California governor on August 6 in ( 受人欢迎的宣言) that ( 预告) a spectacular campaign.3. Thirty years ago, the 6 ft-2ins body-builder came to America looking for( 名利) in the movies, ( 受到阻碍) by an unpronounceable name and a thick accent.4. The Austrian-born actor for years has ( 思虑着) flexing his muscles at the( 选票箱) instead of the box office.Ⅱ. Question :How does Schwarzenegger become widely supported答案：Ⅰ. 1. follow in the footsteps of2. threw himself into the race for / a show-stopping announcement / heralded3. fame and fortune / hampered4. been toying with the idea of / ballot boxⅡ. He worked for the Special Olympics and other sports programs.。
2019大学英语四级考试阅读学习笔记(11)
2019大学英语四级考试阅读学习笔记(11)No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that womenwill put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women' s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.Question 21 to 25 are based on the following passage：21. Teachers are different in their opinions about_______A) the difficulties in teaching spellingB) the role of spelling in general language developmentC) the complexities of the basic writing skillsD) the necessity of teaching spelling22. The expression "play safe" probably means ________A) to write carefullyB) to do as teachers sayC) to use dictionaries frequentlyD) to avoid using words one is not sure of23. Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that _________A) students will be able to express their ideas more freelyB) teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakesC) students will have more confidence in writingD) students will learn to be independent of teachers24. The writer seems to think that the teacher's judgement on that sensitive piece of writing is ____________.A) reasonableB) unfairC) foolishD) careless25. The major point discussed in the passage is ________A) the importance of developing writing skillsB) the complexities of spellingC) the correct way of marking compositionsD) the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition。
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2019年12月英语四级备考笔记：长篇阅读篇
一、题型概览
(一)背景和考试综合
快速阅读有两个变化：一是位置发生了变化，由原来的Part II调至Part III里的Section B, 即由原来的单独部分，变成了与其他的阅
读理解放在一起;另一个变化就是题目形式的变化，由原来的多项选择
题变成了段落信息匹配题。
这个变化更挑战考生对于文章的理解水准
和信息定位的水平，应该说是增大了难度。
在筛选信息的过程中，要求考生在把握文章整体的基础上，对文章的
一些细节实行整理、归纳以及同义转换。
这意味着考生不但要读懂文章，还要对所掌握的信息实行加工处理。
(二)文章特点
通过试卷可知，长篇阅读的文章长度、难度、体裁、题材、题目数量、考试时间、所占分值等都不变。
(三)试题特点
1.题干中的细节信息往往反映文章的主旨和段落主题。
通过快速地阅
读题干中的若干细节信息，考生能够迅速了解原文的主旨大意。
2.题干提供的细节信息中往往暗含一些说明文或议论文所必需的逻辑
关系，考生能够利用这种关系预先对一些表达实行排序，这对于解答
信息匹配题有着非常重要的意义。
3.提干提供的信息表达中通常包括如下三类：能够指示开头段的词，
如overview, introduction, initiation, main idea, definition 等;能够指示结尾段的词，如future, solution, conclusion, suggestion, summary 等;能够协助考生回原文定位的特殊词，如rate,
ration, proportion, percentage, number, figure, statistical demographics 等。
4.有些试题题干中的细节信息往往会和原文的其他某一题目联系密切，考生可通过先解答原文的其他题目来获得解答题目的线索和提示性信息。
样题分析：
Section B
Directions： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
in information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
文章大意：本文主要讲述大学在增强国家实力和促动国际化交流等方
面的巨大作用。
A段总括全文，指出当代大学对国家强盛和世界和平起着至关重要的作用。
B-E段讲述各个大学自觉走上世界化道路。
F-I段
讲研究型大学促成了美国的腾飞，但仍有诸多因素制约这种大学的发展。
46. American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.
解析：定位到D段第3、4句：And in the United States,
institutions are helping place students in summer
internships(实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship
opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.
47. Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.
解析：定位到C段第2句：Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004.
48. The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.
解析：定位到I段第1句：Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects： first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation;
49. The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization.
解析：定位到E段：Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done.
50. Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in the United States, twenty percent come from foreign countries.
解析：定位到C段末句：In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are
foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.。