小升初英语培优第9讲：介词讲解(学生版)

第九讲：介词
一、【考点解读】
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句子中不能单独作成分。

介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。

介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、补语或介词宾语。

介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。

介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，特别是一些常用介词的搭配力特别强，可以用来表示各种不同的意思。

二、【知识讲解】
Mrs. Smith’s kitchen
Mrs. Smith’s kitchen is small.
There is a refrigerator in the kitchen.
The refrigerator is white.
It is on the right.
There is an electric cooker in the kitchen.
The cooker is blue.
It is on the left.
There is a table in the middle of the room.
There is a bottle on the table.
The bottle is empty.
There is a cup on the table, too.
The cup is clean.
知识点1——时间介词at, on, in 的用法
1. at
（1）表示具体时刻，如：
at three o’clock在三点钟at half past eight在八点半
（2）固定搭配：
at noon at night at dawn at dusk
at the moment at first at the beginning at present
at last at sunrise at sunset at the age of
at the same time at dinner-time at the end of at Christmas
2. on
（1）表示具体某一天（包括节假日），如：
on March 8th, 2016在2016年3月8日
on Children’s Day在儿童节(at the Spring Festival)
on Sunday在星期天
（2）表示具体某一天的早、中、晚，如：
on Saturday morning在周六早上
on a rainy evening在一个下雨的傍晚
on a hot afternoon在一个炎热的下午
3. in
（1）表示月份，季节，年，年代，世纪，如：
in July在七月in summer在夏天in 2016 在2016年
in the 1990s在20世纪90年代in the 21st century在21世纪in his twenties在他20多岁
（2）后面跟一段时间，表示“…..之后”，指将来的时间，如：
in a week 一周之后in a few months 几个月之后
I’ll be back in a few minutes. 我几分钟后回来。

（3）固定搭配
in the morning in English in a minute
in a hurry in time in the end
注意：this, that, last, next, every, one, yesterday, today, tomorrow, tonight, all, most等词之前一般不加介词。

如：
this morning 今天早晨（on）that day在那天（that day更常用些）
last week上周next year明年
next month下个月every day每天
one morning一天早晨yesterday afternoon昨天下午
tomorrow morning明天早晨all day/morning/night整天/整个早晨/整晚
知识点2——地点、方位介词at, in, on, above, below的用法
1. at 表示在某个具体地点，即“小地方”（比城市小），如：
at home at school at the bus station
at the corner at the top of at the school gate
at the crossroads at the foot of at the airport
2. in “在…之中”，表示在某范围之内，或某个地方（城市，国家等大地方），如：
There are many books in my schoolbag.
My grandparents are in Beijing now.
固定搭配：
in the car in the middle of in the library
in the hospital in Shanghai in China
in the world in the east in the sky
注意：在某个地理范围内的“东、南、西、北”方，也用in, 如：
Shanghai is in the east of China.
3. on“在…之上”，表示某物体上面并与之接触，如：
My book is on the table.
固定搭配：
on the desk on the wall on the playground
on the road on the right/left on a bus/train
on the shelf on one’s way to on both sides of the river
注意：地理上与某个地方接壤的“东、南、西、北”方，用on, 如：
Shanghai is on the south of Jiangsu.
补充：地理上与某个地方不接壤的“东、南、西、北”方，用to, 如：
Japan is to the east of China.
4. above 意为“高出…”，“超过…”，指在……上方，不一定在正上方（正上方用over），与below相对，如：
The plane is flying above the clouds.
5. below 意为“在……之下，低于”，不一定在正下方（正下方用under），如：
The fish were swimming below the surface of the water.
图示总结
三.表运动方向和位置的介词：
1. across / through / over / by 经过
①across 指横穿,穿过. 表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.②through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.
③over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触. ④by/past 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.
Can you swim ______ the river ? / The elephant is so big that it can’t go _____ the gate .
I don’t think anyone can jump ___ the fence. / I walked _____ the bank of China yesterday .
2.between, among
①between指在两个人或两个事物之间；There is a bank between the post office and the police
above
below
over
under
station.
② among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间eg:The teacher is standing among the students.
3 . in, into, out of
①in：在……里面，用于表示静止的位置。

Her mother works in the hospital.
②into：进入，用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，经常与表示动作的动词连用如,come, go, run, rush等。

The child ran into his mother’s arms. 这小孩跑进了它妈妈的怀里
③out of：从……里出来，与into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向。

如：
All the children rushed out of the classroom when the bell rang.
四.表示方式的介词with / in / by 表示“用……”（注意格式要对齐）
1.with 表示“用…” 一般指有形的工具/ 手段/ 人体器官.
He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife . 注: with 表伴随, “带有,含有”
He came in _____ a big smile on his face .
2.in a)表示用某种语言,方式,途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料..
Can you say it _____English ? / He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .
b)以…方式in this way 用这种方法behave in a polite way
c)也可表交通方式travel in a c ar d)“穿着” in red穿红色的衣服
3.by a)表示乘坐交通工具, travel by bus
b)以……方式、方法或手段I study for a test _____ working with a group .
4. on a)通过study on the air/radio通过广播学习b)乘坐on a bus/ on a bike
注意: 1).by phone = on the phone 2).by car = in a car 3).in pen = with a pen = with pens 五．范围介词
In 在......里边in our class between 在两者之间between us
among 在三者或三者以上的中间among students
besides 除了......之外还有（包括后面的宾语）Tom,Jim besides Lily.
except 除了......之外（不包括后面的宾语）Tom,Jim except Lily.
including包括All the students including me.
六．介词词组辨析
1. on the tree /in the tree
①on the tree 表示“树上本身长的东西” 在树上. ②in the tree 表示“外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上.
There are some apples _____ the tree ./ There is a boy ____ the tree.
2．in the wall /on the wall
①in the wall 表示“门窗在墙上” ②on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”
a picture the wall the window the wall
3 .except / besides / except for
1).except 除了…之外, 都… 不包括在范围之内，排除同类的. We all went swimming except Lucy .
注: nothing but …除了…之外,什么也没有. There is nothing but a letter in the box .
2).besides除了…之外,还有… 包括在范围之内. We study Japanese and French besides English
3) except for 句中的主语与except for后的宾语不同类：
Smith is a good man, except for his bad temper. 史密斯除了脾气不好外，是个好人
4.with / without
1).with具有,带有反义词: without 没有词组: with the help of = with one’s help
反义词：without one’s help
2).without 的用法:A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物
B).without + doing sth . He left here without____(say ) “Goodbye”to us
C). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句. If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live ______ _______ .
5.be made +介词的区别:
be made of 由…制成(看得见原材料)；be made from由…制成(看不见原材料)
be made in +地点由哪儿生产；be made by sb. 由某人制造
be made into+成品制成某种产品
6. since / for （常用于现在完成时）.
1).since : a).since +表示过去的时间短语（since+yesterday/two years ago/last week）
b) since+过去时态的句子
2)for: for +段时间= since +过去的时间
7．其他固定搭配
be full of充满；be filled with装满……；be born in出生于；be sure of确信；
be used to 习惯于…；be late for迟到；be strict with sb对某人要求严格；be excited about 对…感到激动。

介词与动词的固定搭配:
arrive in/at 到达大/小地方；agree with同意，赞同；ask for要求，请求
catch up with 赶上，追上；come from 来自; do well in在……做得好；
decide on决定; fall behind 落后; get to 到达；go to school去上学；
get on with与某人相处；go on with sth.继续做某事；go to bed(sleep)去睡觉；
go to the cinema 去看电影; have nothing with 与……无关；hear of 听说;
hear from收到…来信; help...with...在(某方面)帮助; hand in 交上来。

8、常用的词组
at night在夜里in the end 最后
at work 上班in the street 在街上
at school 上学in trouble 有麻烦
be afraid of 害怕knock at 敲（门）
be full of 充满laugh at 嘲笑
be good at 擅长listen to 听 .........
by the way 顺便提一下look after 照料
be kind to 对 ......... 好look at 看……
be late for 迟到of course 当然
get ready for 为......... 做准备on one's way to在去某地的路上
go over 复习on the left/right 在左/右边
hand in 上交on time准时
help oneself to 随便吃......... take part in 参加
hundreds of 成百的talk about 谈论
in a hurry 匆匆忙忙地take care of 照料
in a minute 一会儿后wait for 等待
9.不用介词的情况:
1.当时间状为: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时,不用介词. What are you going to do tonight ?
2.含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等时间状语. He went to Wuhan last week .
3.以all 开头的时间状语前面不用介词. He has worked all day .
4.以some ,any, one 等构成的时间状语前不用介词.
He met a bad man one cold morning .= He met a bad man a cold morning .
三、【典例探究】
【例题1】：
( ) 1. Betty Arrived Paris the evening of June 1.
A. at; in
B. on; on
C. in; in
D. in; on
( ) 2. My mother is usually busy housework at nome.
A. do
B. with
C. in
D. for
( ) 3. It was so foolish him to ask her such a question.
A. of
B. for
C. to
D. with
( ) 4. The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand____moving to the rich land in the south of China.
A. from
B. with
C. at
D. on
四、【课堂运用】
【基础】
【练习1】
I. Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions
1. The plane arrived at London airport __________ Wednesday.
2. What do you usually do __________ Christmas?
3. The first class begins __________ 8 o’clock __________ the morning.
4. We will be in Nanjing __________ Tuesday.
5. Mr. Black will visit our new school building __________ two days.
6. __________ the end of last spring Wanghai joined the army __________ the end.
7. We will have a football match __________ this Saturday afternoon.
8. The plane is flying __________ the mountains.
9 The Dead Sea is __________ the sea level.
10. Taiwan is __________ the southeast of China.
11. Children get gifts __________ New Year’s Day and __________ their birthdays.
12 The sports meeting was held __________ a sunny day.
13. There is a window __________ the wall.
14. There is a map and a clock __________ wall __________ our class room.
15. Tom goes to school __________ his father’s car every day.
II. Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案）
1. We traveled overnight and arrived ______ home ______ the morning.
A. on; in
B. at; in
C. in; in
D. at; on
2. Look ______ the map of China ______ the wall, please.
A at; in B. for; at C. at; on D. on; in
3. The car is starting ______ five minutes.
A. at
B. on
C. in
D. of
4. We returned to our hometown ______.
A. in last week
B. in the last week
C. last week
D. for a week
5. Children wake up very early ______ the morning of Christmas Day.
A. in
B. on
C. for
D. at
6. Why did you get up so early ______ this morning?
A. on
B. /
C. at
D. in
7. He arrived ______ Shanghai ______ 9: 30 ______ March 5.
A. at; in; at
B. to; on; at
C. in; on; at
D. in; at; on
8. Miss Wang is coming to Beijing ______ two days.
A. after
B. in
C. on
D. before
9. The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won ______ the end.
A. by
B. at
C. in
D. on
10. ______ New Year’s Eve, people usually don’t go to bed until midnight.
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. for
【巩固】
【练习1】
I. 填入适当的介词
1. My pencil-case is __________ Li Lei’s desk.
2. There is a bridge __________ the river.
3. The plane is flying __________ the clouds.
4. Please do not write __________ this line.
5. The fish swim __________ the bridge.
6. We will have a football match __________ this Saturday afternoon.
7. He only watches basketball game __________ TV.
8. England is __________ the south of Ireland and __________ the east of Europe.
9. __________ the afternoon of this Sunday, my uncle is arriving __________ Shanghai.
10. I am going to meet him __________ the station __________ this evening.
II. Choose the best answer. （选择最恰当的答案）
1. South Korea lies ______ the east of Asia, ______ the south of North Korea.
A. in; on
B. on; in
C. in; to
D. on; on
2. Jiangsu is ______ the east of China, but Japan is ______ the east of China.
A. to; in
B. in; to
C. on; to
D. to; on
3. The United States is ______ the south of Canada and ______ the east of Japan.
A. to; in
B. on; to
C. in; beside
D. at; on
4. There was a big smile ______ our teacher's face.
A off B. near C. on D. between
5. They will have a math test ______ two days.
A. for
B. at
C. in
D. after
6. We had our breakfast ______ a quarter ______ seven.
A. /, to
B. in; to
C. at, to
D. on, to
7.Don't shout ______ the old woman. You should be more polite ______ her.
A. to; at
B. at; to
C. in; for
D. from; for
8. Has the teacher given you any advice ______ your English study?
A. from
B. with
C. on
D. in
9. A little monkey is playing ______ a tree and there are a lot of bananas ______ it.
A. on; on
B. in; on
C. on; in
D. in; in
10. Who are the boys ______ green sports shirts?
A. with
B. in
C. at
D. from
【拔高】
【练习1】
1.A large group of students are waiting ______ the bus stop for the school bus.
A. for
B. at
C. to
D. on
2. Tom, you are the person I’m looking ______! Come to help me deal with the case.
A. at
B. for
C. after
D. up
3.People on Chongming Island can go to Shanghai ______ underground soon.
A in
B by
C at
D on
4.Australia is famous ______ its Pink Lake, but now people can’t enjoy the scenery any longer.
A.for
B.with
C.of
D.from
5.The lift in our building suddenly broke down and we got trapped floors.
A.in
B.on
C. between
D.among
6.The local government is planning to dig _______ the mountain to make a tunnel（隧道）.
A.across
B. through
C.above
D.throughout
7.The film Wolf Warriors 11 turned _______ to be a big success in 2017.
A. out
B. over
C. on
D. down
8.It was absolutely impossible to build a fire ________ that cold winter night.
A. on
B. in
C. of
D. by
9.France is famous ________ its great wine, tourist attractions and fashion shows.
A. as
B. for
C. to
D. with
10.A:I'm thirsty.I’d like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Dad?
B:I prefer a cup of coffee nothing in it.
A.with
B.without
C.for
D.to
11.The tour guide happened to meet a huge fierce monster Mystery Island.
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.by
12. I was angry ______ myself for making such a stupid mistake.
A. of
B. at
C. with
D. for
13.Leaders from 20 countries and organization attended the Hangzhou G20
Summit___September,2016.
A.on
B.in
C.at
D. for
14.Nichols set ___ early this morning for his farmhouse in California.
A.with B off C about D up
15.Please connect the speakers _____ the CD player so that we can hear the songs clearly.
A. by
B. of
C. at
D. to
16.Let’s have a rest the time being, then we will continue to discuss the plan
A. on
B. in
C. at
D. for
president Donald Trump started his visit to China November 8, 2017.
A. with
B. in
C. on
D. of
18.Our headmaster always encourages the school cooks to serve healthy meals ________ junk food.
A.under
B.of
C.with
D. without
19. Instead_______ telling him the answer, the teacher helped him
to read the text again.
A. of
B. for
C.at
D. to
20. Lily spent years caring ____________ her sick uncle.
A. of
B.at
C. for
D. with
21. A group of teachers went to Guangzhou for an important activity __________ Dec. 20th.
A.in
B. on
C.to
D.at
22.Some young parents are unaware ______ the danger of giving their babies smartphones.
A. with
B. for
C. in
D. of
23.There were 22 medical service areas ________ the route in 2017 Shanghai Marathon.
A. along
B. with
C. through
D. across
24.Sue's still very angry______me for forgetting her birthday
A)for B)to C. with D) by
25. The world's smallest lizard has been discovered________a small Caribbean island.
A)on B)in C)for D)at
26.I remember that my cousin Peter came to see us ______ a very cold night last time.
A) in B) on C) at D) with
27.It’s common knowledge that leaves change from green to brown autumn.
A) at B) on C) by D) in
28.With an average temperature of 20 degrees, spring is ______ its way to Shanghai.
A) on B) in C) of D) by
29. The story sounds quite familiar ______ me, and I got a little bored.
A) off B) for C) to D) with
30.To my surprise, the answer turned ____________ to be quite right at last.
A) into B) down C) out D) in
31. The 24th Winter Olympics will be held in Beijing ____________ February, 2022.
A) in B) on C) at D) by
32. I apologized to the teacher ______ not finishing the exercises in time.
A) for B) at C) as D) of
33. How much time do you spend ______ your study every day?
A) in B) on C) at D) with
34.The manager was angry ________ Morris because he sent e-mails to the wrong customer again.
A. at
B. to
C. with
D. from
35.Zhujiajiao, an old town with a history of hundreds of years, lies ________ the west of Shanghai.
A. on
B. in
C. to
D. among
36.The traveler asked ________ some wa ter when he passed Granny Li’s house.
A. by
B. for
C. with
D. of
37. We all know Mother’s Day is celebrated ________ the second Sunday of May.
A) in B) to C) on D) at
38. The law prevents businessmen _______ buying and selling ivory, tooth of the elephant.
A. by
B. of
C. against
D. from
st weekend I met a foreigner in the street and showed him the way ______ English.
A) with B) on C) in D) by
40.A right fashionable scarf, necklace, belt etc. can add variety ______ simple clothes.
A) for B) by C) with D) to
41.Jerry lost his way in the field, ________ the ground was covered with thick snow.
A. or
B. for
C. but
D. so
五、【课后巩固】
【习题1】
一、填入正确的介词。

1.There is a map of the world the wall.
2.The station is my home. It takes only a few minutes to get there.
3.The sun rises the east and goes down ._______ the west.
4.She comes England.
5.Who's knocking ___________the door?
6.It's usually quiet here _________ Sunday morning.
7.__________school, the boys play football.
8.I t’s half five now.
9.It's nice to go out for a walk summer evenings.
10.Do you usually get up six o'clock?
11.We have lessons Monday Saturday.
12.His younger sister is good__________ English.
13.What about going there bike?
14.My grandfather often tells us his life in the past.
15.The earth moves _____ the sun.
16.Your sister is ill. You'd better go and look her.
17.My brother is good___________English, and I do well _________ maths.
18.You must take care _______ your text-book.
19.There is going to be a football match ________ a Japanese team and a Chinese team.
20.Can you write a letter ________ English?
二、用介词in, on, near填空。

1.There are books everywhere. Put them__________the shelf.
2.Your shoes are dirty. Put them_____________the door.
3.Empty the glass and put it ___________ the desk.
4.Your dress is__________the bed. Put it________the wardrobe.
5.There are some cigarettes__________ the lamp. Put them_________that box.
6.Shut your book and put it ___________ your schoolbag.
三、选择正确答案。

( )1. There is a desk______________ the blackboard.
A. in front of
B. in the front of
C. on front of ( )2. She is sitting ________________ the classroom.
A. in front of
B. in the front of
C. on front of ( )3. The girl can't jump ___________ the wall.
A. of
B. off
C. in
( )4. He usually goes to work_________foot.
A. on
B. by
C. with ( )5. My father sometimes goes to work________bike.
A. on
B. by
C. with ( )6. It sometimes rains ___________ April.
A. on
B. at
C. in
( )7. We usually go to bed _______ nine o'clock.
A. on
B. at
C. in
( )8. It's always hot ______________ summer.
A. on
B. at
C. In ( )9. What's the weather like_______the North?
A. on
B. at
C. in ( )10. They are going to stay at the hotel___________about a week.
A. in
B. on
C. for。