Unit 9 翻译中视角的转移
汉英翻译中的视角转换
第十七页，编辑于星期六：三点 五十九分。
▪ 反说法 （用英语形式上否定的英语词表 达汉语肯定的意义）
▪ 1. 他这学期全勤。
▪ He has never missed a class this semester.
第六页，编辑于星期六：三点 五十九分。
▪ 3. 他看了看桌上的点心，摇了摇头， 一点也不吃。
▪ He ran his eyes over the refreshments on the table but shook his head and refused to touch anything.
第七页，编辑于星期六：三点 五十九分。
第十一页，编辑于星期六：三点 五十九分。
▪4. 欲速则不达。
▪More haste, less speed. ▪Haste makes waste. ▪Haste brings no success.
第十二页，编辑于星期六：三点 五十九分。
▪ 副词或副词短语： little, otherwise, too…to.. etc.
▪ 表否定语气的名词：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion etc.
▪ 1. 司机开车时，千万不能心不在焉。
▪ A driver’s absence of mind is absolutely forbidden.
▪ 2. 我们完全不知道他的计划。 ▪ We are in complete ignorance of his plan.
英汉翻译――视角转换PPT课件
cannot be determined by a study of the surface.
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英汉语主动与被动的比较：
英汉语态使用的比较：
（B）汉语则很少使用被动语态，即使用，也不像英 语那样有统一，固定的构成形式。主要有两种表现形 式：一种是含有“被，受，挨，遭，给，为，让”等 字样； 而大多数情况下，是采用第二种，用主动态表 达被动含义。如：“飞鸟尽，良弓藏；狡兔死，走狗 烹”。因此，在英汉互译中，常常要变换语态。
research group. 计划将先由研究小组加以研究。
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英译汉中被动句的处理
三、译成汉语主动句 1 形式上是主动句，表达被动意义 The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内，全国就武装起来了。 Another middle school has been set up in our
现代生活中所有的东西都受时尚的影响。 Almost nothing in modern life escapes the
influence of fashion.
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含否定意义的英语表达法
英语表达否定意义除了通过使用一些明显表示 否定意义的副词和连接词以外，英语里还有大 量的短语或搭配暗含否定意义，如“far from, other than”等。在翻译时，灵活使用这些表达， 可以使语言更灵活地道。
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英译汉中被动句的处理
一、译成汉语被动句 1． The window pane was broken by the child.
窗上玻璃被这小孩打碎了。 2.North China was hit by an unexpected heavy
英汉汉英视译教程上篇英译汉第九单元 的的结果句视译-文档资料
第9单元 结果句视译 （例段）
2. Another sensible proposal, embraced by President 另一项合理的银行税提案得到奥巴马总统和诸多
Obama and a number of international experts, is the 国际知名专家的支持，
第9单元 结果句视译 （要点梳理）
此单元所列是广义上，而非仅语法层面的结果句 各种语言因果颠倒的现象层出不穷 不同语言在相同或相近因果语境中的思维侧重或 方式的不同造成了思维转换障碍 视译原文：书面化语言居多， 视译译文：或是书面化，或是口语化，或是半口 语半书面化语言 翻译时在因果关系上采取“抓小放大”的办法， 即侧重原文细节， 淡化原文宏观链接
第9单元 结果句视译 （例段）
原文中的结果链接词语so that 在视译中 〈译评〉 翻译成“一旦开征”，遵从了汉语的表 达习惯。汉语中无论是原因还是条件， 只要结构复杂冗长，在表达结果前有时 需要对原因或条件进行缩略式重复，既 获得了逻辑更紧密的语义链接， 也收到 了承前启后的语言符号链接效果。
province since 2007. But Ma has faced some 但是在开办纪念堂的过程 problems in running the memorial hall, 中，马先生遇到了若干问题。
第9单元 结果句视译 （例段）
and as he spends most of his time and energy
【视译】 关于这个问题，不同的意见都已经得到 陈述，因此现在请大家表决。第9元 结果句视译 （例句）
〈译评〉 笔译版本在很大程度上保留了英文的思 维方式，译文听着费解，甚至困惑。视 译版本抛开了英语思维方式，更多地兼 顾汉语思维方式和习惯，所以译文更易 懂、流畅。
Unit 9 Kids and Computers Digital Danger 课文翻译
Unit 9Kids and Computers: Digital DangerAlison Sperry1. There's a familiar saying, "Play is children's work." Through play, people who study child development tell us, children develop the skills and outlooks that determine the adults they will become. Playing house or school, for example, helps them "try on" the roles of Mom or Dad or teacher. Athletic activities help kids develop coordination, learn to work as part of a group, and gain confidence and a sense of fair play. Even solitary activities like reading connect children with the wider world, encouraging a sense of empathy with the greater human family.2. But in very recent years, other forms of entertainment have had an enormous impact on growing children. For many kids, computer activities and video games now take up much --even most -- of the time formerly devoted to more traditional forms of play. Entering adulthood now are the first Nintendo babies, a generation raised more on Virtual Boy and Mortal Kombat than baseball and Uncle Wiggly. How have they been affected by this change in the concept of "play"? Social scientists, parents, and talk show pundits will be debating the question for years to come. But we can start drawing our own conclusions. As amusing and ingenious as electronic entertainment can be, children -- and society they live in -- are the losers when they rely on these forms of fun. Unlike traditional games and toys, "wired" entertainment encourages kids to be unimaginative, socially immature, and crudely desensitized to the world around them.3. Watch a child take a ball of Play-Doh in her hand and begin to roll it experimentally. First it's a simple ball, then a snake. The snake might become a figure eight or a bracelet. She coils the bracelet on top of itself to create a pot that she uses for a make-believe tea party. Next she smashes the pot back into a ball, which may next morph into a snowman, a horse's head, a bunny, a sea serpent, or a skyscraper. With nothing but her hands and an inexpensive chunk of flour and salt, she forms a universe in which she makes the rules and creates the inhabitants. When she tires of it, she can wad it back into a shapeless mass that awaits her next creative impulse. The act of playing with the Play-Doh sparks other interests —maybe she'll work with modeling clay that she can bake into a permanent form, or paints, or papier-mâché Although she doesn't give what she's doing a great deal of thought, she's learning something valuable: I am a creator. I can give my ideas tangible form.4. A video game, on the other hand, is cynically programmed to give the illusion of creativity. The player is given various choices at every turn —Which door will I go through? Which weapon will I use? What clue shall I read? — But they are choices in the same sense that a pigeon's pecking at a lever to get a grain of corn is a choice. The player is as much a tool of the game as the joystick. Her momentary fun is unsatisfying because it leads not to any genuine sense of achievement but only to the hypnotic experience of watching someone else's creation unfold. Hand a ball of Play-Doh to a child reared on the sterile adventure of video games, and you're apt to get a blank look and the hesitant question, "What do I do with it?" The video game player learns her own lesson: I don't create. I let someone else's creativity happen in front of me.5. It's a beautiful Saturday in autumn, and a group of kids are playing a pickup game of soccer. A dispute arises about whether a kick went over the foul line. Some of the kids are sure it did; others insist that it did not. Voices are raised; tempers flare. Maybe a hothead or two will stalk off the field. But the sky is crystal blue, and there are chores waiting at home. Making a quick calculation about the relative benefits of continuing the game, the players work out a solution. Maybe they replay the kick. Maybe they flip a coin. Maybe they agree to say that the ball was fair, or foul. Their willingness to compromise, to accept the idea that such give-and-take is part of life, allows the game to proceed. The players move on, having learned a small lesson about getting along with others.6. Contrast that scene with the world of the Internet chat rooms, where many adolescents spend uncountable hours. On that same lovely Saturday, a young Internet queen hunches over her keyboard, alone in her room. Her buddy list includes dozens, even scores, of "friends" she's never met. Her fingers fly across the keyboard as she races from one dialogue box to another, keeping up multiple conversations. These are peculiar conversations, however, including none of the vulnerability that is part of real-world friendship. In the buddy-chat world, status is based on the ability to keep up a rapid pace of one-liners, insulting zingers, caustic put-downs. The chat queen's most intimate friendships take the form of brief alliances with buddies who join with her to "flame" another chatter who has displeased them. If that ally eventually becomes annoying, too, zap! She can instantaneously erase him from her buddy list, or even block him so he is unable to contact her again. It's no great loss. There are literally millions of new acquaintances waiting to be picked up in a chat room to fill that void. The lesson: I shouldn't have to work at relationships. They come and go instantly and at my convenience. If someone displeases me, I can make that person disappear.7. When kids sit down to play Monopoly, they form a loosely knit group that is still part of the world around it. When company arrives at the house, it's no problem to halt thegame briefly. The players can greet visitors, laugh together, talk about the game, even quickly rearrange it to include new players. Even after the game continues, chatting with other players and non-players is easily accomplished. Despite their involvement in the game, the players are not ruled by it. Human contact, courtesy, and communication are not seen as threats to their enjoyment. They are learning that they can enjoy their own activities and still be sensitive to the larger world around them.8. Contrast this board game scene with one that has become depressingly familiar in many living rooms. Visitors arrive at a home to find a child hunched in front of the TV set, video controls in his lap. Even when spoken to directly, he does not pull his eyes from the screen. "I'm playing!" is his furious response if the visitors persist in trying to engage his attention. Far too often, even his parents, intimidated by the high-priced, high-tech gadget that has sucked their child's humanity away, tiptoe around rather than disturb him. The game itself is all too likely to be one that presents the most hideous suffering as entertainment, with the player in the role of psychotic killer -- maybe in Duke Nukem, with its "twenty-three levels of nonstop carnage!" or Bloody Roar, which offers the player "more ways to maim, crush, and devour your enemies than ever."9. The lesson?10. Isn't it too awful to think about?1. 有一句众人皆知的俗语：“玩是孩子们的工作。
英语翻译――视角转换PPT课件
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• 当人们游览桂林时，那些自然景观和人 文景观，总能令人惊叹并且深思。
• When people travel in Guilin, those scenic and cultural attractions can always impress them and make them think.
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• 您先请。 • You first. • After you.
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• 我不是故意的。 • I didn't do it on purpose. • It was an accident.
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• 人们可以乘飞机、坐火车、走高速 来桂林。
• People can come to Guilin by plane, train and expressway.
• In the dense groves wild monkeys are oftern seen to appear and disappear.
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结束语
当你尽了自己的最大努力时，失败也是伟大的， 所以不要放弃，坚持就是正确的。
When You Do Your Best, Failure Is Great, So Don'T Give Up, Stick To The End
• The hills and waters come alive with the sound of music during the annual Zhuang Folk Song Festival.
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• 您可以24小时随时下榻我们酒店。
翻译中视角的转换教学目的使学生很好地了解并掌握翻译
第五部分翻译中视角的转换教学目的：使学生很好地了解并掌握翻译中的转换技巧。
教学要点：各种转换技巧，包括词性转换、语态转换、肯定否定转换、虚实转换。
教学难点：中英文差异，转换技巧。
教学方法：任务型教学、合作学习教学。
教学设备：网络多媒体课室教学情境：英语电影/电视字幕的翻译时间分配：第1-2节：翻译中词性的转换第3-4节：翻译中的肯定否定转换第5-6节：翻译中的主被动转换及虚实转换翻译中词性的转换什么是词性转换？在翻译中，将原文中的某一词类转换为译文的另一词类，如在英译汉中，将英语的名词译成汉语的动词，英语的形容词译成汉语的副词等等，这就叫做词性转换。
为什么要采取词性转换？采用词性转换方法的根源在于中英文语言的巨大差异。
中英文在各种性质词汇的使用上差别很大，比方英语倾向名词化，而汉语倾向动词化。
英语中对冠词的使用很严格，而中文则少用冠词。
种种差异决定了，在翻译的过程中，译者要把握中英文的特点，恰当地进行词性转换。
如何进行词性转换？1. 汉语动词转化为英语名词英语中名词结构占绝对优势，因此常用名词来表示汉语中的动词。
英语有词形变化，这大大丰富了英语的名词，有些动词只要在后面加上后缀就变成名词了。
汉译英时如果能适当地把动词转换为名词，则能使译文更自然，更凝练。
医生建议我多锻炼一些。
译文：The doctor gave me some advice of doing more exercise．操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能。
译文：The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its function．一定要少说空话，多做工作。
译文：There must be less empty talk and more hard work．人口在不断地增加。
译文：There is a steady increase in population．2．汉语动词译为英语介词或介词短语英语中介词数量多，搭配灵活，意义丰富。
商务英语翻译 Unit 9
译文：毫无疑问，我们还必须作出更大的努力来对抗全 球变暖的威胁，这个威胁最能清楚地体现各国的 命运是如何紧紧相连的。
5. This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below. 译文：买卖双方同意按下列条款购买、出售下述商品， 并签订本合同。（reduction)
John… preached the baptism of repentance unto the forgiveness of sins.
John preached the message to the people; John baptized the people; The people repented of their sins; God forgave the people their sins; The people sinned. John preached that the people should repent and be baptized so that god would forgive the evil they had done. John preached, ―Repent and be baptized so that God will forgive the evil you have done.‖
译文：我的母亲简· 兰普顿· 克莱门斯88岁才去世。这对于 一位40岁就身体虚弱、被认为痼疾缠身、注定不久于 世的人来说，是难得的高龄。
八下英语第九单元课文翻译
Unit9 SectionA 1部分课文翻译1a部分翻译Wluch of these places would you like to visit? Rank them from l (most) t0 6 (least).这些地方中你想参观哪一处？从1（最想参观）到6（最不想参观）给它们排序。
space museum_____太空博物馆_____history museum_____历史博物馆_____art museum_____美术馆_____water park_____水上公园_____zoo_____动物园_____amusement_____游乐场_____1b部分翻译Listen. Have these students ever been to these places? Check(√)the boxes.听录音。
这些学生曾去过这些地方吗？在方框中用“√”画出来。
1c部分翻译Ask and answer questions about the placesinlb.就1b中的地方进行问答练习。
A:Let's go somewher differ ent today.咱们今天去某个不同的地方吧。
B:OK. Where do you want to go?好的。
你想去哪里？A:Have you ever been to the space museum?你曾经去过太空博物馆吗？B:No,I haven't. How about you?不，我没去过。
你呢？2a部分翻译Look at the map of the town Listen and the places you hear.看这幅城镇地图。
听录音并圈出你所听到的地方。
2b部分翻译Listen again and circle T for true or F false.再听一遍录音，正确的圈T，错误的圈F。
英汉翻译中的视角转换
英汉翻译中的视角转换作者：王天润来源：《职业时空》2008年第10期英汉翻译中既要准确表达原文的意义，又要使译文通顺流畅，才能完整地实现翻译的目的。
英汉之间由于文化的差异，在思维方式上表现出许多不同的特点，因而导致认识事物的角度不同。
因此，英汉翻译中常常需要调整视角才能在译文中准确流畅地表达原文的意义。
本文将从以下几个方面探讨英汉翻译中视角的转换。
一、叙述角度的转换由于认识事物的角度不同，有的句子或词语在英语中表达顺利，但同样的叙述方法在汉语中却不顺利或不符合汉语的表达习惯，因而需要转换叙述角度。
1.因为语言习惯的不同，有些词语的表达方式不同，如At this his heart missed a beat and he became pale.（听到这些，他心里咯噔一下，吓得面无血色）/But you never know what’s in store for you.（但你永远不会知道你会遇到什么事情）/He made believe he was innocent.（他装作一副无辜的样子）。
上面几个例子中，his heart missed a beat 原意是“他的心停跳了一下”是比较具体的描写，而汉语说“他心里咯噔一下”视角在于“他”的感觉，描写比较口语化。
he became pale如直译为“他变得苍白”，不太顺口，翻译时把“吓得”和“面”的意义补充出来句子更通顺。
what’s in store for you原意是“什么事情在等着你”翻译成“你会遇到什么事情”更符合汉语习惯。
make believe 字面意思是“使人相信”，译为“装作”更通顺。
2.在某些并列结构中，英语和汉语表达相同的意思时，表达顺序却不同。
如：old and new 新和旧；iron and steel钢铁；northeast东北；southeast东南；northwest西北；southwest西南。
3.有些固定的表达方式英语和汉语的用词不同，如：black tea红茶；black coffee浓咖啡（不加糖或牛奶）；black eyes挨打或撞成的青肿的眼睛；dark eyes黑眼睛；brown sugar红糖；blue movie色影片；in the black有盈余，有节余；in the red亏损，有赤字；white lie善意的谎言。
Unit 9 词类转换法
转换
例5、采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。 The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products. 例6、他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。
He laid special stress on raising the quality
转换
三、动词译成形容词 例1、先生曰：“狼负我，狼负我！”狼曰：“吾 非固欲负汝。天生汝辈，固需吾辈食也。” “ You are an ungrateful beast,” complained the man. “Not at all,” retorted the wolf, “it is not that I’m ungrateful, but you men were created for us to devour.” 例2、他急切地想得到消息。 He was news-hungry.
转换
四、动词译成介词或介词短语
例1、政府支持这个项目。
The government is behind this project. 例2、我们全体赞成他的建议。
We are all for / in favor of his suggestion.
转换
例3、这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹 地位，闹出风头。 What are these people after? They are after fame and position and want to be in the limelight.
murder sb. with a borrowed sword
徐悲鸿画马画得特别好！ Xu’s drawings of horses are exceptionally good.
专转本英语翻译视角转移知识点整理
• 9)Everybody was waiting for her but she was talking to Ms. Zhang while slowly walking out of her classroom. • 人人都在等她，而她却一边同张老师说话， 一边不紧不慢（不慌不忙）地走出教室。 • 10) Miss Mary kept to her room all day. • 玛丽成天足不出户。
• 1.原文形式上为肯定，译文形式上采用否 定。 • 1）Such a chance was denied me. • 我没有得到这样一个机会。 • 2）The first bombs missed the target. • 第一批炸弹没有击中目标。 • 3）While colder than usual, the weather held. • 尽管较平常冷些，天气（保持）没变。
• 1) –Hey, it is late. Where is Tom? • ----He’s still in bed. • 他还没有起床。 • 2） Without reasoning one is apt to be beyond control. • 没有理智容易变成不受约束。 • 3）---Are you not going tomorrow? • --- No, I’m not going. • （是的，我不去）
• 3） Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity. • 双方认为，那是一个他们可以不失体面地接受 的和平建议。 • 4) She would rather have her room painted milk-white than have it painted sky-blue. • 她宁可把房间漆成意义上为否定， 翻译时可以直接表达出暗含的否定意义。 • 1） It was more than I could bear. • 这个我不能忍受。 • 2） The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered. • 游击队员宁愿战斗到死，也决不投降。
英汉汉英视译教程上篇英译汉第九单元 结果句视译
problems in running the memorial hall, 中，马先生遇到了若干问题。
第9单元 结果句视译 （例段）
and as he spends most of his time and energy 纪念堂耗费了他大部分时间和精力，他的生意因 there, his own business is suffering as a result. 而受到影响。
第9单元 结果句视译
上篇 英译汉
英汉汉英视译教程
第9单元
结果句视译 （要点梳理）
此单元所列是广义上，而非仅语法层面的结果句 各种语言因果颠倒的现象层出不穷 不同语言在相同或相近因果语境中的思维侧重或
方式的不同造成了思维转换障碍 视译原文：书面化语言居多， 视译译文：或是书面化，或是口语化，或是半口
第9单元 结果句视译 （例句）
4. He had wandered around the world for many years before he ended up in this small mountain village.
【笔译】 他曾经多年周游世界，最后落户在一 个小山村。
【视译】 多年间，他的足迹曾遍布世界各地， 最后才落户在这个小山村。
语半书面化语言 翻译时在因果关系上采取“抓小放大”的办法，
即侧重原文细节， 淡化原文宏观链接
第9单元 结果句视译 （例句）
1. Her job at the hospital did not pay much, so she found another on the side.
(完整版)Unit-9-What-is-happiness课文翻译
Unit 9 What Is Happiness?The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates, but no one seems quite sure which way it runs. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift seemed to think so w hen he attacked the idea of happiness as “the possession of being well-deceived,” the felicity of being “a fool among knaves.” For Swift saw society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals.自从呱呱坠地，美国人就被赋予了追求幸福的权利，但似乎没人确信幸福究竟在哪里。
正如它发给我们狩猎证，却不给我们提供猎物。
乔纳森•斯威福特似乎持此观点，他抨击幸福的想法是“鬼迷心窍的上当，”是“骗子堆中的傻瓜”的自鸣得意。
因为他视社会为虚妄目标聚集的名利场。
It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough.当然用傻子、骗子这样的字眼来形容是不合美国的人的风俗习惯的，然后我们似乎确实沉溺于用金钱购买幸福的想法：只要有足够的钱，我们百年后就能上天堂。
汉英翻译视角转换
补充材料：英汉、汉英翻译技巧：视角转换(Shift of Perspective)E-C.1. The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park.（语态的转换）2. Her parents are both in their seventies.（表达方式的转换）3. If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only. （条件状语转换成结果状语）4. You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figures. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.（定语从句转换成原因状语从句）5. "Coming!" Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.（介词转换成动词）6. Highway and air traffic came to a standstill in most of Eastern Washington.（名词转换成动词）7. I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice.（词序调整）8. Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.（词序调整）9. It is a good workman that never blunders.（反说正译）10. Keep off the lawn!11.That fellow is far from being honest.12.Obviously enough, she thinks otherwise.（正说反译）13 I was like that ship before education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbor was.汉译：我在开始受教育之前，就像这样一条船，只是没有罗盘，没有测深绳，也无法知道离海港有多远。
英汉翻译中视角的转换类型及处理方式.
英汉翻译中视角的转换类型及处理方式[ 08-11-09 10:56:00 ] 作者：彭雅琼编辑：studa0714【摘要】受制于英汉双语在结构及习惯表达上的差异性，在英汉翻译中运用视角转换的方法，可以使译文通顺流畅，符合译语读者的语言习惯。
本文主要分析了正说反译、形象转换、虚实转换以及为了达到修辞目的的转换办法，说明视角转换的翻译方法对于增强译文的可读性有很大作用。
【关键词】英汉翻译；视角转换作为一种双语艺术，翻译是从一种语言到另一种语言的转换。
二十世纪六十年代，奈达提出的形式对应翻译基本上以原语为中心，力求使接受语中的信息尽可能地接近原语中的各种成分，最大限度的显示原文中的形式和内容，努力再现多种形式因素。
然而，翻译并不是从一种语言到另一种语言词和词的单纯转换。
由于任何一种语言都局限于自己特定的文化背景中，它们各自在其渊远流长的历史中形成了独有的表达方式。
同时，使用不同语言的读者也形成了对自己所属语言系统独特的表达方式的习惯性。
因此，相同的思维内容可以用不同的语言负载，这并不意味着原语和译语间在形式和语境上有完全相同的意义。
纽马克提出，在译入语允许的范围内，尽可能地使译文从语义和句法上接近原文，将原文确切的上下文意义翻译出来，进行“语义翻译”。
各语言的表现形式上存在纷繁复杂的差异性，这就要求译者在不涉及特殊文化背景因素的情况下，用译语意义代替原语意义，“重组原语信息的表现形式，从与原语不同甚或相反的角度来传达同样的信息”（柯平，1995），这就是所谓的视角转换。
这种翻译方法使得译文更符合译语习惯，同时也更好地传达原作信息。
一、正反转换（Negation）正反转换是最主要的视角转换类型之一，意即对那些正面译不通顺的英语表达从反面来译，从反面译不通顺的从正面来译，出于对译语优势、可接受性和可读性方面的考虑，而舍弃形式方面的意义对等，保留内容方面的意义对等。
①He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business.他对他父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。
新视野大学英语1Unit 9知识点及翻译
新视野大学英语
Para. 6a
第三条建议跟考试有关。尽
管我们在学校里已经过了千百次的考试，
但我们却很少停下来想想怎样考好试。
考试考得好的人并不是马不停蹄做到底，
见一个问题就答一个。
新视野大学英语
Para. 6b
新视野大学英语
Para. 3
作为一个大学生，我对那些好学生和差
学生所体现出的不同之处非常感兴趣。我并没有
坐着不动，也没有嫉恨好学生，相反，我决定以
此为己任去调查是什么神秘的原因让他们表现优
异。在访谈了很多优秀学生及其教授后，我通过
分析得出了几条建议，任何人都可以采纳这几条
建议来激发自己身上的优秀潜质，使自己的表现
随
笔
词组互译
句型应用
导入
预习
课文
写作
多数职员每天早晨能准 签收 时签到，并在下班时记 签到 得登记离开。 签约雇用 登记外出
活学活用
知 识 链 接
to sign for… to sign in to sign on to sign out
意群提示
Back
most clerks can sign in on time every morning and Most clerks/every morning/on time/after work/remember/sign for leave after remember to sign out out/for leave work.
课文
写作
他们成功制定了经营生 解决··的关键 ·· ·· 意的最佳策略，这使他 做··的诀窍 ·· ·· 们很开心。 处理··对策 ·· ··
做··的策略 ·· ··
视角转换ppt课件
6.形象转换
3.表达方式转换
7.抽象与具体转换
4.正面表达与反面表达转换 8.从句转换
3
一.词类转换
1.名词转动词 Eg: My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.
我建议他立刻戒烟。
2.介词转动词 Eg: The book is beyond my understanding.
我根本读不懂这本书。
4
二.句子成分转换
1.表语译为谓语 Eg: We are sure that they will succeed.
我们坚信他们会胜利。
2.状语译为主语 Eg: There are different elements in nature.
自然界有各种不同的元素。
5
二.句子成分转换
Shift of Perspective 视角转换
制作人：度上不仅是语言的交流，更是文化之间的交流。 由于英、汉语在产生的背景、经历的历史上有很大的不同， 许多文化的观察视角也就有了很大区别。
2
Outline
1.词类转换
5.主动语态与被动语态转换
2.句子成分转换
13
六.形象转换
• 形象的转换是指将原语中不符合译语文化的形象转换为译语文化中 惯用的形象，使读者不致产生理解上的困难或误解。 fish in the air 水中捞月 drink like a fish 牛饮 move heaven and earth 想方设法
14
七.抽象与具体转换
Eg:1.I was practically on my knees but he still refused. 我几乎是苦苦哀求，但他依然拒绝。
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• 6) Don’t make your conclusion before the end of the year. • 到年底再下结论吧！ • 7) “You will try to tide me over, won’t you?” • “Won’t I!” • 你会帮我度过难关，是吗？ • 当然！
• 1) –Hey, it is late. Where is Tom? • ----He’s still in bed. • 他还没有起床。 • 2） Without reasoning one is apt to be beyond control. • 没有理智容易变成不受约束。 • 3）---Are you not going tomorrow? • --- No, I’m not going. • （是的，我不去）
• 3） Both sides thought hat the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity. • 双方认为，那是一个他们可以不失体面地接受 的和平建议。 • 4) She would rather have her room painted milk-white than have it painted sky-blue. • 她宁可把房间漆成乳白色，也不愿漆 成天蓝色。
• 7) The subversion attempts proved predictably futile. • 不出所料，颠覆活动证明毫无效果。 • 8）Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. • 极端主义者认为，人与动物在各方面都不 同，对动物无需考虑道德问题。
• 4. 原文形式上双重否定，就相当于肯定， 翻译时需要表达肯定的意义。 • 1） There can be no sunshine without shadow. • 有阳光就有阴影。 • 2) You can’t buy things without money. • 没有钱就买不到东西（有钱才能买东西）。 • 3) He was nothing if not a hypocrite. • 他完全是个虚伪的人。
• 4）If he had kept his temper, the negotiation would probably have been a success. • 要是他没发脾气，谈判很可能已经成功了。 5) The explanation is pretty thin. • 这个解释相当不充实。 • 6）I’m at my wits end to keep the children quiet. • 我实在没办法让这些孩子安静下来。
• 听到这个有趣的故事，她情不自禁的笑了。 • 3) It will not be long before we • 我们很快就会在见面。
• 6. 带有“all”的不完全否定句，翻译时要格外 小心： • 1）All that glitters is not gold. • 发光的并不都是金子。 • 2) All criminals are not murderers. • 罪犯并非全是杀人犯。 • 3) But all men are not born to reign. • 并非人人生来就是作帝王的。 • 4) Both children are not clever. • 并非两个孩子都聪明。
• 4）He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business. • 他对他父亲的行业表示了强烈的厌恶 情绪。 • 5) He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. • 他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无 常。
• 4) The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt. • ５) You should seize the opportune moment to put in a good word for me.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Key:
• 1) 吹捧你的人并非都是你忠实的朋友。 • 2）怀特先生没有对那国的政变发表官方 （正式）评论。 • 3）那件事没有削弱我们的决心，反而增强 了我们的决心。 • 4）证据确凿，毋庸置疑。 • 5) 你应该不失时机的为我说情（好话）。
• 4) “You are too beautiful and gifted not to make me fall in love with you!” • “你太美丽太多才了，我怎能不爱你！” • 5) There is not any advantage without disadvantage. • 有利必有弊。 • 6）There is no story without coincidence. • 无巧不成书。
Unit 9 翻译中视角的转移
• 教学目的： 英语和汉语都有从正面和反面来表达某 种概念现象。正说反说作为一种翻译技巧， 主要是指在翻译实践中，为了使译文忠实、 通顺而又合乎译入语表达习惯地传达原文的 意思，有时需要把原文中肯定或否定的说法 进行适当调整。 本讲的主要目的是让大家体会这种翻译 技巧在实践中的用法并能初步掌握它，准确 的处理类似的问题。
•正反翻译课后阅读：
•英语翻译中的反译法 •文学翻译中的文化传达与读者
•译者的诞生与原作者的“死亡”
• 9)Everybody was waiting for her but she was talking to Ms. Zhang while slowly walking out of her classroom. • 人人都在等她，而她却一边同张老师说话， 一边不紧不慢（不慌不忙）地走出教室。 • 10) Miss Mary kept to her room all day. • 玛丽成天足不出户。
exercises: • 1)All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends. • 2) Mr. White has refrained from making an official comment on the coup in that country. • 3) That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination.
• 5. 原文含有否定形式的惯用语时，要根据实际情况进 行翻译：
• 1) You can’t be too careful when you drive a car. • 开车时怎么小心也不为过。 • 开车时，越小心越好。 • 2) She can’t help laughing when
she heard the funny story. meet again.
• 11) It’s a long time since I enjoyed myself so much. • 好长时间没这么痛快地玩了。 • 12) His explanation is far from being satisfactory. • 他的解释远不能让人满意。
• 2. 原文形式否定，译文形式采用肯定： • 1）I don’t doubt China will be reunited. • 我相信中国会统一的。 • 2）He never spared himself and so he made me work hard. • 他总是拼命干，也让我拼命干。 • 3）Hitler’s undisguised effort to persecute the Jews met with worldwide condemnation. • 希特勒对犹太人的露骨迫害行为遭到世界 人民的谴责。
• 1.原文形式上为肯定，译文形式上采用否 定。 • 1）Such a chance was denied me. • 我没有得到这样一个机会。 • 2）The first bombs missed the target. • 第一批炸弹没有击中目标。 • 3）While colder than usual, the weather held. • 尽管较平常冷些，天气（保持）没变。
• 3. 原文形式上为肯定、意义上为否定， 翻译时可以直接表达出暗含的否定意义。 • 1） It was more than I could bear. • 这个我不能忍受。 • 2） The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered. • 游击队员宁愿战斗到死，也决不投降。
• 5) In addition to providing a cool sitting place in the open air, a balcony can also protect the window below from the direct glare of the sun. • 阳台除了可供人们乘凉以外，还可以保护 下面的窗户，使它不受到阳光的直接照射。 • 6) The last thing I want in this world is to hurt you. • 这个世界上我最不愿意做的是就是伤害你。