主动形式表示被动意义

主动形式表示被动意义的词
1 动词不定式的被动语态
（1）如果逻辑主语是动作的执行者，不定式用主动式；如果逻辑主语是动作的承受者，不定式用被动式。

例1. The doctor recommended him to air the room. （主动式）
例2. The doctor recommended the room to be aired. （被动式）
（2）在“名词（代词）+be+easy(difficult,fit) +不定式”结构中，有时尽管句子中主语是动作的承受者，不定式在意义上是被动的，形式上却是主动的。

这时可看成是省略了动词的逻辑主语for sb.
例1. The book is difficult to read. 这本书很难读懂。

例2. He is hard to convince.
例3. The film is great fun to see.
例4. The food was not fit to eat.
例5. The causes are not far to seek.
例6. The path is easy to find.
注意：某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。

例1. The rock is hard to break. 这块岩石很难打碎。

例2. She is easy to approach 她平易近人。

例3. He is hard to please.
2.“It is +形容词+of sb. + to do sth.”是一种使用率很高的句型，它表示说话人对客观事物的高兴、惊讶、懊悔、难过等情绪，表现的是人的性格、品质特征等。

这种句型实际上相当于感叹句，多用于日常话语中。

能用于这个句型的形容词都是表示感叹情绪和。

表示褒贬义的：decent,polite, brave, ingenuous, careless,selfish,greedy,crazy,mad
表示聪明或愚蠢含义的：clever,brilliant,wise,silly,stupid,absurd,dumb,foolish,unwise
表示心情、心地善良或卑劣等的：generous, unselfish,nice,kind, sweet, good, wonderful, jolly, thoughtful, thoughtless, considerate, friendly, handsome, wicked, bad, unkind, naughty, inconsiderate, abominable,rude.
表示正误的：correct,right,wrong, incorrect
3. It is +形容词+of sb. + to do sth. || It is +形容词+ for sb. + to do sth.
一句用of , 一句用for, 不可换用。

在类似的结构中，究竟是用of还是用for,可以用下述规则加以鉴别：把句子中的it,of 或for 去掉，将表示sb.的词作句子的主语，表语不变，后接不定式，组成一个句子。

若该句子是正确的，则原句中用of,若该句不正确，则用for.
例：It was very kind of him to lend me some money.他非常友善，借给了我一些钱。

改为：He was very kind to lend me some money. (正)
It was very difficult for him to lend me some money. 要他借钱给我很难。

改为：He was very difficult to lend me some money. (误)
但如果作主语的人不是逻辑主语，而是逻辑宾语，则又可以。

例：It is difficult to satisfy him. => He is difficult to satisfy.
例：It is impossible to deal with Jim. => Jim is impossible to deal with.
1）It is +形容词+of sb. + to do sth. 句型可以转换为下列句型
How +形容词+ it +is + of sb. + to do sth.!
How +形容词+ of sb. + to do sth. it is!
形容词+ of sb. + to do sth.（口语中）
Sb. + is +形容词+ to do sth.
That is +形容词+ of + sb. + to do sth.
例：It was stupid of him not to take her advice.
How stupid it was of him not to take her advice!
How stupid of him not to take her advice!
Stupid of him not to take her advice.
He was stupid not to take her advice.
That's very stupid of him not to take her advice! 他没有听她的劝告，真是一件错事！
2）It is +形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 句型是一个陈述句，表示说话人对客观事件的的决断性，多用于正式，庄重的场合。

用于此句型的形容词大致有两类。

一类是表示难易程度的，如：hard,difficult,easy, possible,impossible,dangerous, useful, useless 等。

另一类是表示判断、意念的，如：advisable,common,unusual,enough,unheard-of,reasonable,normal,
vital,strange,natural,necessary,essential,important,sad,convenient等。

It is +形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 句型可以转换为下列句型
Sth. Is +形容词 + to do.
To do sth. is + 形容词.
It is +形容词+ that 从句结构，视具体的形容词而定
例：It is not good for you to live alone. => For you to live alone is not good.
It is advisable to wait. => To wait is advisable.
It is impossible to settle the matter.=> The matter is impossible to settle.
It is necessary for us to read more. => It is necessary that we should read more（正）但：It is difficult for him to lend you the money.
=> It is difficult that he should lend you that money. （误）。