2016年中国建设银行招聘考试模拟试题英语部分

中国建设银行招聘考试模拟试题英语部分第三部分英语部分
Passage 1
Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior from feathering their own nests at the e xpense of their shareholders. The three most popular reforms have bee n recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more ind ependent, linking bosses’
pay to various performance measures, and giving bosses share options, so that they have the same long-term interests as their shareholder s.
These reforms have been widely adopted by American’
s larger companies, and surveys suggest that many more companies are thinking of following their lead. But have they done any good? Thr ee papers presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Manageme nt in Boston this week suggest not. As is usually the case with bo ardroom tinkering, the consequences have differed from those intended.
Start with those independent boards. On the face of it, dismissing t he boss’
s friends from the board and replacing them with outsiders looks a perfect way to make senior managers more accountable. But that is no t the conclusion of a study by Professor James Westphal. Instead, he found that bosses with a boardroom full of outsides spend much of their time building alliances, doing personal favors and generally p leasing the outsiders.
All too often, these seductions succeed. Mr.Westphal found that, to a remarkable degree, “independent”boards pursue strategies that are likely to favor senior managers rather than shareholders. Such compani es diversify their business, increase the pay of executives and weake n the link between pay and performance.
To assess the impact of performance related pay, Mr.Westphal asked th e bosses of 103 companies with sales of over $1 billion what measur
ements were used to determine their pay. The measurements varied wide ly, ranging from sales to earnings per share. But the researcher’
s big discovery was that bosses attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other factors that affect a c ompany’s overall success.
In short, bosses are quick to turn every imaginable system of corpor ate government to their advantage—
which is probably why they are the people who are put in charge of things. Here is a paradox for the management theorists: any boss w ho cannot beat a system designed to keep him under control is proba bly not worth having.
1. What is the purpose of the large companies in recruiting outs iders and putting them on the board of directors?
A) To diversify the business of the corporation.
B) To enhance the cooperation between the senior managers and the board directors.
C) To introduce effective reforms in business management.
D) To protect the interests of the shareholders.
2. What does Professor James Westphal’s study suggest?
A) Boardroom reforms have failed to achieve the desired result.
B) Outside board directors tend to be more independent.
C) With a boardroom full of outsiders, senior managers work more conscientiously.
D) Cooperation between senior managers and board directors suffered from the reforms.
3. The word “seduction”(Line 1,Para.4) probably means “”.
A) efforts to conquer
B) attempts to win over
C) endeavors to increase profits
D) exertions to understand
4. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Corporate executives in general are worth the high pay they r eceive.
B) The income of corporate executives is proportional to the grow th of corporate profits.
C) Corporate executives tend to take advantage of their position to enrich themselves.
D) The performance of corporate executives affects their own inter ests more than those of the shareholders.
5. How does the author feel about the efforts to control senior executives?
A) Doubtful. B) Optimistic. C) Positive. D) Approving.
Passage 2
U.S. college students are increasingly burdened with credit card debt, according to a study released Tuesday, and the consequen ces can be serious--ranging from higher drop-out rates to future empl oyment problems and even suicide.
Based on hundreds of face-to-face interviews and surveys wi th students, sociologist Robert Manning of Georgetown University conclu ded both the number with credit card debt and their indebtedness had been "systematically underreported" in previous studies which failed to reflect the "survival strategies" many used to cope with their debts. These included the use of federal student loans to pay off c redit cards, effectively shifting the debt, appeals to parents for lo ans, cutting back on course work to increase time at paid jobs, or even dropping out altogether to work full time. "Official drop
out rates include growing numbers of students who are unable to cope with the stress of their debts and/or part time jobs for servicing their credit cards," the study said.
Even then, debts can haunt students. "Student credit card debts are increasingly scrutinized during the recruitment process and may be an important factor in evaluating prospective. employee," it n oted. And the stress can also manifest in far more tragic ways. Jan ne O'Donnell's 2g-year-old son, a junior at the University of Oklahom a, committed O'Donnell and Manning agreed students should bear some r esponsibility for reckless use of credit, but said credit card compan ies also had to be held accountable for making it so easy for them to get into debt. Manning said one of the most disturbing aspects of the student credit card issue was "the seduction of college and university administrators by the credit card industry." Card issuers were sponsoring school programs, funding activities and even entering into business partnerships with schools involving college-branded "aff inity" cards, he said. "As a result, rather than protecting the ec onomic and educational interests of their students, college administrat
ors are playing an active and often disingenuous role in promoting t he prominence of credit cards in collegiate life."
1. Which is NOT one of the strategies American students may use to deal with their credit card debt?
A) Use federal student loans.
B) Seek part-time jobs to get money.
C) Promote the prominence of credit cards.
D) Ask parents to help them pay the debt.
2. Which may NOT be the consequence of students' credit card debt?
A) High drop-out rates.
B) Enter into business partnerships with schools.
C) Commit suicide.
D) Future employment problems.
3. Who should be least criticized for negative consequenc es of students' credit card debt according to the passage?
A) Parents.
B) Students themselves.
C) College and university administrators.
D) Credit card issuers.
4. The main idea of this passage is ______.
A) negative consequences of students' using credit card
B) college administrators are playing their proper roles in promoting credit cards
C) card issuers or college administrators promoted credit card
D) reasons for high drop-out rates in universities
5. We can infer from the passage that ______.
A) students should not have part-time jobs
B) credit cards should not be used
C) if there is no credit card, college students may not commit suicide
D) college students should learn to wisely manage their personal finances
Passage 3
In the first year or so of Web business, most of the ac tion has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More re cently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have
started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Su ch business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typicall y know what product they're looking for.
However, many companies still hesitate to use the Web beca use of doubts about its reliability. "Businesses need to feel they c an trust the pathway between them and the supplier," says senior ana lyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting t he risk by conducting online transactions only with established busine ss partners.
Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce con cerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activltie8 have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have deve loped tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out t o customers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted custo mers. Most notably, the Point cast Network uses a screen saver to d eliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to sub scribers' computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company's Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use simil ar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, pr oduct offering, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Inline culture thinks highly of the no tion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by spe cific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen un invited, the distinction between the Web and television fades.
But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web wil l need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon: com and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of inter activity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to fall, which is a good si gn for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking bac k 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies too k the online plunge.
1. We learn from the beginning of the text that Web bu sinesses ______.
A) has been striving to expand its market
B) intended to follow a fanciful fashion
C) tried but in vain to control the market
D) has been booming for one year or so
2. Speaking of the online technology available for market ing, the author implies that ______.
A) the technology is popular with many Web users
B) businesses have faith in the reliability of online tr ansactions
C) there is a radical change in strategy
D) it is accessible limitedly to established partners
3. In view of Net purists, ______.
A) there should be no marketing messages in online cultu re
B) money making should be given priority to on the Web
C) the Web should be able to function as the television set
D) there should be no online commercial information witho ut requests
4. We learn from the last paragraph that ______.
A) pushing information on the Web is essential to Intern et commerce
B) interactivity, hospitality and security are important t o marketing
C) leading companies began to take the online plunge dec ades ago
D) setting up shops in silicon is independent of the co st of computing power
5. The purpose of the author in writing the text is to ______.
A) urge active participation in online business
B) elaborate on various marketing strategies
C) compare Web business with traditional commerce
D) illustrate the transition from the push to pull strat egy
答案解析
Passage 1
1.【答案】D。

解析：D 细节理解题解题依据为本文第一段第一、二句
"Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find wa
ys to discourage senior from feathering their own nests at the expen se of their shareholders. The three most popular reforms have been r ecruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more indepen dent."此句大意为:在过去的十年里,美国公司力图寻求方法以阻止资深管理者以牺牲股东利益为代价损公肥私的行为。

为此采取了最流行的三种改革措施，如招录外来董事以使董事会更加独立。

由此我们可推知招录外来董事的目的是为了保护股东的利益。

其中
to feather their own nests意为"构筑自己的窝"；
at the expense of their shareholders意为"以股东的利益为代价"。

2.【答案】A。

解析：A 细节推论题文章第二段最后一句
"the consequences have differed from those intended"表明改革的结果是事与愿违，这是一个总的结论。

第三、四、五段是具体说明，主要是引用了Westphal的调查结果。

因此，本题答案应当是A。

3.【答案】B。

解析：B 词义判断题文章第三段最后讲外来董事会的老板们会花很多时间建立联盟,施惠于个人以讨好外来董事,第四段开始接着说这些手段通常是成功的,由此我们可以推知老板的这些手段是为了争取外来董事而结成联盟, 进而可推知B正确。

4.【答案】C。

解析：C 细节判断题本题可用排除法。

选项A(公司高层应拿高薪)文章未提及; 选项B(公司高层的收入与公司增长的利润成比例)也未提及; 选项D(公司高层的表现比那些股东更会影响其自身利益)文章同样未提及; 选项C(公司高层倾向于利用其地位肥己)与文章第五段最后一句所述之意相符。

5.【答案】A。

解析： A 观点态度题纵观全文,作者所述三项改革举措并未收到预期的效果,反而适得其反,事与愿违,由此我们可判断作者对其最终的结果显然持怀疑态度，故正确答案为A,B选项(乐观的)、C选项(肯定的)和D选项(赞成的)均排除。

Passage 2
1.【答案】C。

解析：C 细节题。

文中第二段提及
“These included the use of federal student loans to pay off credit cards，effectively shifting the debt，appeals to parents for loans，cutting back on course work to increase time at paid jobs，
or even dropping out altogether to work full time．”，因此，正确答案为C项。

选项C是college administrators从事的活动，不是美国学生。

2.【答案】B。

解析：B 细节题。

文中开篇提到
“the consequences can be serious-ranging from higher drop- out rates to future employment problems and even suicide”，最后一段谈到
“Card issuers were sponsoring school programs，
funding activities and even entering into business partnerships with s chools”，由此可以看出选项B是card issuers从事的活动，而不是美国学生，更不是使用credit card的后果。

因此，正确答案为B项。

3.【答案】A。

解析：A 细节题。

文末倒数第二句、第三句中提到了“students，card companies，university administrators”都应该为信用卡负面影响负责。

因此，正确答案为A项。

4.【答案】A。

解析：A 主旨题。

本文首句即提到
“U．S．college students are increasingly burdened with credit card deb t”，第二段主旨是
“growing numbers of students who are unable to cope with the stress of their debts and/or part time jobs for servicing their credit ca rds”。

第三段讲“debts can haunt students”，最后一段主要讲述
“who should answer for the negative consequences”。

因此，正确答案为A项。

5.【答案】D。

解析：D 推断题。

文章主要讲述学生使用信用卡的负面影响，但也不能千篇一律断然否定使用信用卡，因而选项B不对。

不使用信用卡电不能保证美国学生不自杀，故选项C不对。

美国学生有part-time工作，是司空见惯也不能因为信用卡的负面影响而取消，故排除选项A。

采用逐个排除法，可以确定正确答案为D项。

Passage 3
1.【答案】A。

解析：A 细节题。

由第一段第一句
“In the first year or so of Web business，
most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market．”可知在网络商业第一年左右的时期里，大多数的努力都是围绕着打开市场而展开的。

因此正确答案为A项。

2.【答案】C。

解析：C推断题。

第三段第一句
“Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing．”可知网络商业的另一个重大的改变是关于市场营销的可用技术。

接着作者讲到一直以来网络市场的营销活动都以如何把顾客“拉”到网站中为中心。

而最近几年，软件公司已经开发出工具让公司直接把信息“推”到目标客户面前。

由此可见，市场营销技术在策略上发生了根本性的变化。

故答案为C项。

3.【答案】D。

解析：D推断题。

由第三段倒数第二和第三句
“In line culture thinks highly of the notion that the information f lowing onto the screen comes there by specific request．Once commercia l promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited，
the distinction between the Web and television fades，”可知原来网络文化所认同的是电脑屏幕上的信息都是人们所查询的。

否则一旦商业广告不请自来，充斥屏幕，网络和电视就没有差别了。

所以可以看出网络纯粹主义者认为商业信息不应该不请自现。

因此正确答案为D项。

4.【答案】B。

解析：B 细节题。

由最后一段第二句可知网络销售获得成功的一些公司都使用了恰当的产品，加上适当的互动、热情和安全，由此来吸引顾客的。

因此，正确答案为B项。

5.【答案】A。

解析：A写作目的题。

纵观全文，作者首先讲到最初进行网络商业的公司努力去开拓市场，然后讲了网络营销策略的变化，以及取得成绩的公司的成功之道。

文章最后两句作者提到网络营销成本不断下降，对想建立网络商业的公司是个好现象。

人们现在回顾过去，也许会想五年前或者十年前致力于网络商业的公司怎么会这么少。

可见作者以为网络商业在不断发展，拓展市场的方法也日渐成熟，加入这一领域的公司必将越来越多。

文章有劝告人们参与网络商业之意。

因此，正确答案为A项。

由于作者没有详细闸释多种营销策略，排除选项B没有着重比较传统商业和网络商业，排除选项C。

选项D中提到的两种营销策略的变化顺序颠倒，可排除。