定语从句学案

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定语从句学案
The kinds of attribute(定语):
1.He is an honest boy.
2. We love our country.
3. What’s your telephone number?
4. Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
5. The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
The positions of the attribute: (定语的位置)
1. This is a flower basket.
2. This is a basket full of flowers.
3. This is a basket that I want to put flowers in.
(单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的__面,短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的__面。


一.定语从句:修饰名词的句子
1.定语从句又称_________性从句,用来修饰某一____词或___词,一般紧跟在被修饰词的后面。

2.定语从句的要素:_____ 和________;被定语从句修饰的词为先行词,先行词常为_____或________;
3.关系词及其功能:引导定语从句的词为关系词,分为______和_________;
关系词通常有三个功能:①引导句子;②代替先行词;③在定语从句中担当一个成分。

4.分类:限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
二、定语从句解题三步法:
第一:找出先行词;
第二:看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语、定语或状语);
第三:选择合适的关系词。

三、指出引导词在从句中充当的成分。

This is the film which I saw last night Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .
This is the film whose name is Titanic The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy .
Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine
who loved each other very much in the film .
总结:关系代词有:_________________________________;在句中充当____、______、______。

I、如果先行词是表示人的词,作主语时多用who,作宾语时多用whom或that (此时可以省略);如果先行词是表示物的词,无论作主语、宾语都可用which 或that,作宾语时可以省略。

但在非限制性定语从句或介词之后,不能用that,只能用which.
例如:
1). Yesterday I met Mr Li______________ told me the whole matter.
2). I can’t find the book _______________is borrowed from the library.
3). Players _________ keep warm exercises before the match play much better than those ____ don't.
4). This is the classroom in ___________we study.
5). Do you know the man ________ is selling fruits near our school?
6). I want to chat with the girl ________you were speaking to just now. 7). A letter ___________ is written in pencil is difficult to read.
8). Do you know the gentleman __________________ spoke just now? 9). The book ________________ I bought yesterday is very interesting.
10). The factory in __________his father works is far from here.
II. 关系代词whose作既指人又指物,在从句中作定语,译成“人的……,物的……”.
注意:whose=先行词的所有格
whose + N.= the +N. + of which / whom= of which / whom + the
+N.
例如:
①The girl, ___________father is a
lawyer, is good at spoken English.
②The girl, _____father of _____ is a
lawyer, is good at spoken English.
③The girl, of whom ____ ____ is a lawyer, is good at spoken English.
a. We lived in the hotel room, ______door faced south.
b. We lived in the hotel room, ____ ___________________ faced south.
c. We lived in the hotel room, ________________________faced south.
1). This is the desk ____________are broken.
A. legs of which
B. whose legs
C. that
D. which
2). He lives in the room, the windows ________faces to the south.
A. of whose
B. of that
C. of which
D. whose
III. 如果表示先行词的一部分如何时,指物就用of which,指人就用of whom,即some,any, several, each, two(数词),all, both等加of which或of whom.
例如:
①The committee consists of 20
members, 5 ___________ are
women.
②The book contains 50 poems,
most___________ were written
in 1930’s.
③They had a sentence; the meaning
__________ was completely beyond them.
④He has three sons, all
___________died in the war.
A. of them
B. of which
C. of whom
D. which
Joining sentences(合成含有定语从句的句子)
1 The woman is a teacher.
2 The
woman lives next door.
__________________________________ __________________________________ __
1 A plane is a machine.
2 The machine can fly.
__________________________________ __________________________________ __
1 The lady is Miss Green.
2 We met her yesterday.
__________________________________ __________________________________ __
1 This is the boy.
2 His father is a famous doctor.
__________________________________ __________________________________ __
1 He lives in a room.
2 The room’s window faces south.
__________________________________
__________________________________ __
I know the woman. The woman is come from France.
__________________________________ ____________________________
He loves the dog. His mother bought the dog for him.
__________________________________ ____________________________
This is the soldier. The soldier saved the boy’s life.
__________________________________ ___________________________
He was friendly to the stranger. He met the stranger in the street.
__________________________________ ___________________________
Lilly bought the book. The book’s cover is pink.
__________________________________ _____________________________
The boy studies hard. The boy’s father is a doctor.
__________________________________ _______________________________ This is the school. My mother works in the school.
__________________________________ _____________________________
I still remember that day. You left for Beijing on that day.
__________________________________ _____________________________ Could you explain the reason? You were late for the reason.
__________________________________ ________________________________
I will never forget the time. I spent the time with my grandparents.
__________________________________ ______________________________
Exercises:
1. The girl __________ is sitting in the
chair is a good singer.
2. The skirt __________ Mary bought two years ago is old.
3. Is this the novel __________ you introduced to me?
4. Where is the boy _______ broke the window?
5. Luckily none of the people_________
I know were killed in the earthquake.
6. This is the house ______window broke last night
7.Look at the lady _______ name is Pochi
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. that
8.Those pictures ________ were drawn by Tom are nice.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. which
9.The girl ________ could sing well went to Europe.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. whom
二、只用that 或只能用which引导的定语从句:
1.先行词为不定代词everything, nothing ,anything, little, much, all, none
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.
2.先行词被both, all, every, no, any, little, much, some修饰时
There is no difficulty (that) we can’t smooth away.
3. 先行词被the only,the very,the last 修饰时
He is the only person that I want to see now.
4 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。

This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.
5. 先行词同时指人和指物时
We talked about the things and persons that we
saw then.
6.当主句是以who或which 开头的特殊疑问句
Which is the car that hit the boy?
Who was the man that she danced with?
7.主句是there be 结构,修饰其主语的定语从句用that
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank.
但若主语是人,引导词只能用who, whom
There is a person who wants to see you.
8.当关系代词在从句中作表语时
Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
相关练习
1. He did all / everything _______he could to help me.
2. This is the very thing _______ I am after.
3. We talked about the men and the things
_______ we remembered at school.
4. He is the only man _______ can do the work.
5. This is the first thing _______ I want to say.
6. He is the finest man _______ I have ever worked with.
7. Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate.
8. Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.
只能使用which的情况。

1、非限制性定语从句中。

eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious.
2、在介词之后。

eg. This is a house in which lives an old man.
练习:
1. All ____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing
B. that
C. what
D. which
2. Finally , the thief handed everything ______ he had stolen to the police. A. after B. what C. whatever D. that
3. The archeologist has discovered one of the most valuable pictures _____ have ever been painted . A. what B. that
C. which
D. /
4. Everyone wanted to see the plane and pilot _____had made the rescue.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. that
5. Which of the two cows _____ you keep produces more milk ?
A.that
B. which
C. whom
D. what
个别先行词
1.the way 为先行词时
①当从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时,
引导词用that/ which, 当引导词作
从句宾语时可省略;
②当从句不缺少主语、宾语或表语时,引导词用that/ which/ 不填
2.当先行词为point, situation, position, scene, stage, activity, case时,且从句缺少状语时用where.
3.当先行词为occasion, 且从句缺少状语时用when.
练习:
1). The way _____ she teaches English is interesting.
A. 不填
B. in that
C. which
D. of which
2). She tried every way ________she could find to solve the problem.
A.不填
B. in that
C. which
D. of which
3). He suggested that we should solve the problem in a way __________ was peaceful.
A. 不填
B. in that
C. which
D. of which
4.) Can you imagine a
situation_____________ you can use the word?
5.) I can think many
cases________________
students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
6)、The treatment will continue until the
patient reaches the point _______he can walk correctly and safely.
7)、There are few occasions
_______________ members are confused or uncertain of their roles. 8).I have reached a point in my life ___ I
am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. Which
B. where
C. how
D. why
9.) Today, we’ll discuss a number of
cases______ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
A.which
B.as
C.why
D.where
10.) It’s helpful to put children in a
situation_____ they can see themselves differently.
A. that
B. which
C.when
D. where
11.) Occasions are quite rare ______ I
have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A. who
B. which
C. why
D. when
12.) The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _________he can walk correctly and safely.
13.) I think you have got to the point
_____________a change is needed, or you would fail.
14.) I think you have got to the
point___________ is important. 15.) Government reports, legal papers and
most business letters are the main situations _________ English is used.
16.) He's got himself into a dangerous
situation _________ he's likely to lose control of the plane.
17.) He's got himself into a dangerous
situation ____________ he must pay much attention to.
关系副词
先行词是表示地点(如:place, school, factory),时间(如:time, day, week, tear, month,),原因(reason)的名词或含有地点,时间,原因意义的抽象名词,若在从句中作状语,用where(表示地点), when(表示时间), why(表示原因),
相当于相应的介词+which;若在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,要用that或which。

例如:
1.)This is the room ______________________ he lives.
2.) I can see the playground ___________________they do sports
3.) I still remember the year ____________________I joined the Party.
4.) I still remember the day _____________________ I joined the Party.
5.) I still remember the hour _____________________ the rocket was launched
6.) This is the reason ____________________he was killed
7.) This is the town __________I spent
my childhood.
8.) The library __________ you visited
yesterday was built in 1990.
9.) I’ll never forget the day __________
we first met in the park.
10.) I’ll never forget the time __________
I spent with you.
11.) This is the reason __________ I didn’t
come here.
12.) The reason __________ she gave was
not true.
在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词?
Task : 尝试用“介词+关系代词”填写下列句子
1.Is this the house ___ ____
Shakespeare was born?
2.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single
person ___ __ she could turn for help.
3.Her bag ,___________ she put all her
money, has been stolen.
4.This is the ring ___________ she
spent 1000 dollars.
5.Xiao Wang ,____________ I went to
the concert, enjoyed himself very much. 方法1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配
1. The girl for whom he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
2. He is the man on whom I think you can depend .
3. He referred to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.
方法2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配
1. He made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was going on outside the house.
2. The librarian with whom I just shook hands works heart and soul.
方法3、根据先行词判断,所用的介词与先行词搭配
1. The rate at which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.
2. This is our classroom ,in the front of(在前面)which there is a teacher’s desk.
小结:
介词放在关系代词之前时,关系代词只能用_________或________; 介词的选择
要视先行词、句意及与动词的搭配而定。

VI. which,as 也可引导一个非限制性定语从句,代表整个主句所表达的内容(即把整个主句看成是先行词)。

Which译成“这一点……”; as译成“正如……”. which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as 位置较灵活,也就是说as 可置于所限制的句子前面;插在句子中或放在句子后。

如:1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.
2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know.
或As you know, Jack is an honest man.注意: as 的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如:
1.as has been said before如上所述
2.as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样
3.as is well known 众所周知
4.as was expected 正如预料的那样
5.as has been already pointed out正如已经指出的那样
6.as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样
四、定语从句的注意事项
1、定语从句必须要有被修饰的先行词比较:
1.) Is this the school __________you visited last year?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. the one
2.) Is this school __________you visited last year?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. the one
3.) Is this the school __________you study?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. the one
2. 定语从句的谓语动词,应当与先行词在人称和数上保持一致.
例如:
1.)I , who_______ your friend, will help
you at any time.
A. be
B. am
C. are
D. was
2.)He is the only one of the workers in
the factory ________ever been given a medal.
A. who has
B. who have
C. that have
D. whom has
3.)He is one of the workers in the factory
________ever been given a medal.
A. who has
B. who have
C. that have
D. whom has
3. 插入语问题
I think you should ring Tom, who (I’m afraid) will not come.
He bought a coat, which (I think )is very expensive.
4. 分隔式定语从句---- 找准先行词Days are gone when we could swim in the clever river near our house.
There is a man outside the door who wants to see you.
五、定语从句与其易混淆句型巧区分
定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。

因此,同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。

定语从句从句型上讲,它与六种句式相似,十分容易混淆。

为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异,现将其分类例析如下。

一、定语从句与并列句
1.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。

①Mr. Li has three daughters,none of _____ is an engineer.
②Mr. Li has three daughters,but none of _____ is a dancer.
③Mr. Li has three daughters;_____ are doctors.
2.定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:__________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ ______________________
二、定语从句与地点状语从句
1.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。

①Rice doesn't grow well _____ there is not enough water.
②I still remember the farm _____ my parents worked ten years ago.
2.定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于:__________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ ______________________
三、定语从句与强调句
1.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。

①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport.
②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works.
2.定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ ______________________
四、定语从句与结果状语从句(这里只讨论the same...as/that和such...as
/that两种情况):
1.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。

①I have the same computer _____ you have.
②She is such a kind and funny girl _____ all of us like to make friends with her.
2.定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ ________
五、定语从句与习惯句型
1.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。

①It is the first time _____ she has been in Shanghai.
②It was the time _____ Chinese people had a hard life.
2.这里①小题是一个习惯句型,其结构为:__________________________________ ________
故①填_______________,其意为:_______________________________。

②小题the time是_______________,其后是_________________,故填______________。

六、定语从句与单句
1.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。

①The mother told the lazy boy to work,_____ didn't help.
②The mother told the lazy boy to work._____ didn't help.
2.含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于:__________________________________ __________________________________
__________________________________ __________________________________ ______________________
七、定语从句与同位语从句
1.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。

①The news ________________ we picked up from his informal conversation is true.
②The news ___________ Mr. Li will teach us English next semester is true.
2.定语从句与同位语从句的主要区别在于: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ ______________________
对应练习:
定语从句和同位语从句、强调句、状语从句的区别练习题
Fill in the blanks with a proper word:
1. Mary is no longer the girl __ she used to be.
2. Mary is no longer ____ she used to be.
3. Kunming is no longer the city ___ it was ten years ago.
4. Kunming is no longer ___ it was ten years ago.
5. All ___ is needed is a supply of oil.
6. ___ is needed is a supply of oil.
7. Everything ___ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
8. ___ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
9. Last night I dreamed a dream ___ I passed the entrance examination.
10. The dream ___ I dreamed last night was very funny.
11. Was it during the Second World ___ he died?
12. It was the hour ___ the place was full of job-hunters.
13. It was at the theater ___ Lincoln was murdered.
14. It was the theater ___ Lincoln was murdered.
15. She heard a terrible noise, ___ brought her heart into her mouth.
16. She heard a terrible noise. ___ brought her heart into her mouth.
17. Is this the museum ___ I visited last week?
18. Is this museum ___ I visited last week?
19. I’m one of the boys who ___ never late for school.
20. I’m the one of the boys who ___ never late for school.
21. Last night I took a taxi, and ___ took me home.
22. Last night I took a taxi, ___ took me home.
23. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ___ didn’t help. 24. It was raining hard, ___ kept us from playing football.
25. I often thought of my childhood, ___
I lived on a farm.
26. I often thought of my childhood, ___
I spent on a farm.
27. This is the place ___ Chairman Mao was born.
28. This is the place ___ we are going to visit.
29. Tom’s father works at the factory ___ makes shoes.
30. August is the month ___ comes after July, before September.
31. Make a mark ___ you have any questions.
32. Make a mark at the place ___ you have any questions.
33. We shall go ___ working conditions are difficult.
34. We shall go to the place ___ working conditions are difficult.
用适当的关系词填空:
1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.
2. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.
3. Mr. Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.
4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.
5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.
6. This is the school ______I used to study.
7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?
8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?
9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _____is famous for the West Lake?
10. Have you ever bee to Hang Zhou, ______lies the West Lake?
11. Tom will go to Shanghai, ______live his two brothers.
12. I live in Beijing, ____is the capital of China.
13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.
14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.
15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.
16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.
18. This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.
19. This is the way____he did it.
20. Who is the student _____was late for school today?
21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?
22. She loves playing soccer is very popular in the UK.
23. He lives in the room____window faces
to the south.
24. The park is a very quiet place you can have e rest.
25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought
a book yesterday.
26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.
27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.
28. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.
29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.
30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.
定语从句强化训练二
1. Is there a bar around _____I can have something to eat?
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. where
2. The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.
A. the roof of which
B. which roof
C. its roof
D. the roof 3. Edison made a lot of inventions, ____ of great importance.
A. which I think are
B. which I think they are
C. which I think they
D.
I think which are
4. I’ll talk about a newly-opened market ______ you may get all _______ you need.
A. in which; which
B. where; that
C. where; what
D. which; that
5. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?
A. that you talked
B. you talked about it
C. which you talked with
D. you talked about
6. ____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
A. Which
B. As
C. That
D. It
7. The fence in our garden, _____ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. where
8. When lost in work, _____ he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.
A. what
B. so
C. just like
D. as
9. A football fan (球迷) is _____ has a strong interest in football.
A. a thing that
B. something that
C. a person who
D. what
10. We travelled together as far as Chicago, _____ we said goodbye to each other.
A. which
B. when
C. why
D. where
11. The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. for which 12. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _______ stands near the post office?
A. 不填
B. in which
C. that
D. where
13. His sister had become a teacher, ______ was what he wanted to be.
A. who
B. what
C. that
D. which
14. With the development of agriculture, the people _______village I taught before have lived a happy life.
A. who
B. whose
C. in whose
D. in which
15. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _____ you may spend your weekend.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where
16. He must be from Africa, ____ can be seen from his skin.
A. that
B. as
C. it
D. what
17. Both the girl and her dog ____ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.
A. which
B. who
C. they
D. that
18. I, ____ your friend, will try my best to
help you out.
A. which are
B. which is
C. who is
D. who am
19. Is this just the city ____ the foreign guests wish to pay a visit _____.
A. which, to
B. to which, /
C. that, to
D. to that, /
20. It’s one of the most interesting stories ___ I have ___ read
A. which, never
B. that, ever
C. that, never
D. which, ever
21. On my way home in the street I saw a lady ___ I thought was your aunt.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. whose
22. I remember that ____ took part in the ball party had a wonderful time.
A. all
B. all that
C. all which
D. all what
23. This is the largest clock in the world, ____ the minute hand is six metres long.
A. that
B. of which
C. which
D. whose
24. China is the birthplace of kites, _____ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
A. from that
B. from where
C. from there
D. from here
25. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. it
B. As
C. That
D.
What
26. Who _____ has common sense will do such a thing?
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. that
27. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A. that
B. those
C. which
D. what
28. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. where
29. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night.
A. all which
B. all what
C. that all
D. all
30. A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. who
B. who’s
C. whose
D. which
31. Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day?
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. the one
32. Is this museum _____ some German friends visited last Wednesday?
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. the one
33. --- How do you like the book?
--- It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.
A. that
B. which
C. the one
D. the one what
34. Which sentence is wrong?
A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.
B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?
C. Science and new technology have
made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.
D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.
35. The train _____ she was traveling was late.
A. which
B. where
C. on which
D. in that
36. He has lost the key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.
A. where
B. on which
C. under which
D. which
37. Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. about which
38. It’s the third time _____ late this month.
A. that you arrived
B. when you arrived
C. that you’ve arrived
D. when you’ve arrived
39. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
A. whom
B. who
C. when
D. because
40. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A. when
B. during that
C. in which
D. which
41. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _____ he spent with his various students.
A. when
B. which
C. during which
D. on which
42. This is just the place _____ I am longing to visit these years.
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. to where
43. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _____ live my grandparents and some relatives.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. where
44. The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. we stayed at
B. where we stayed at
C. we stayed
D. in that we stayed
45. I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. than
46. He is not _____ a fool _____.
A. such / as he is looked
B. such / as he looks
C. as / as he is looked
D. so / as he looks
47. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal?
A. which
B. what
C. why
D. for that
48. He has two sons, _____ work as chemists.
A. two of whom
B. both of whom
C. both of which
D. all of whom
49. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. most of that
B. which most
C. most of which
D. that most
50. My glasses, _____ I was like a blind
man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. which
B. with which
C. without which
D. that
51. _____, the compass was first made in China.
A. It is know to all
B. It is known that
C. We all know
D. As is known to all
52. He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.
A. who
B. that
C. from which
D. from whom
53. It was such a serious mistake, _____ caused by carelessness.
A. which I think was
B. which I think it was
C. I think which was
D. I think which it was
54. The general at last got a chance to visit the village _____ he used to fight, _____ he had been dreaming of for years.。

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