独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案(可编辑修改word版)
(完整word版)专四语法之独立主格
独立主格结构（Nominative Absolute Structure/ Absolute Construction）由名词或代词主格+ -ing分词、-ed分词、形容词、副词或介词词组等成分组成, 通常在句中起状语从句的作用。
它多见于文学体裁, 能使句子结构紧凑, 形象具体, 描述生动。
1）I.如果独立分词结构表示时间、原因、条件等, 在翻译时, 根据具体的情况可加适当的连词如“因为”, “由于”, “当……”,“……之后”, “如果”, “只要”等, 然后译成状语从句。
例如:2）Th.mea.over，w.bega.t.wor.again.3）吃完饭后, 我们又开始工作了。
4）Weathe.permitting.th.sport.meetin.wil.b.hel.o.Friday..5）如果天气允许的话, 运动会将在星期五举行。
6）Ther.bein.n.coffe.left.the.ha.t.mak.d.wit.tea.7）因为没有咖啡了, 他们只好用茶凑合。
8）Th.presiden.assassinated.th.whol.countr.wa.i.dee.sorrow.总统遭暗杀了，国人都沉浸在深深的悲痛中。
9）Al.flight.havin.bee.cancele.becaus.o.th.snowstorm.w.decide.t.ta k.th.train.因为暴风雨的缘故, 所有的航班都取消了, 我们于是决定坐火车。
Wit.academi.categorie.bein.wha.the.are.th.historia.rarel.tangle.wit.psycho logists.由于各学术领域往往自成一体，历史学家很少会与心理学家发生纠葛。
(..“介词with或without+名词+分词/形容词/副词/介词词组”一致)H.cam.int.th.room.hi.ear.re.wit.cold.他走进房间，耳朵都冻红了。
高中英语语法 独立主格结构用法全解(含答案)
独立主格结构独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词(代词)+现在分词Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
2. 名词(代词)+过去分词The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
英语独立主格结构及学习难点(习题及答案)可编辑全文
独立主格结构精炼【模拟试题】一、单项填空1. －Oh, it’s you, Steve! I ______ you.－No surprising. I’ve just had my hair cut.A. don’t recognizeB. haven’t recognizedC. didn’t recognizeD. hadn’t recognized2. The people, _________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homesB. all of whose homesC. all their homesD. all of their homes3. I’m glad to see that you ________ a lot of progress since I ______ you last.A. will make; have metB. have been making; metC. had made; metD. have made; meeting4. －Where can I get _______ information about a long journey?－Nothing is of _________ than a map, I think.A. an; greater helpB. a piece of; greater priceC. some; better usefulD. some; greater value5. You’re not _______ to park here _______ you have a permit.A. allowed; unlessB. permitted; in spiteC. let; sinceD. agreed; even if6. It’s ________ a long time since I started to teach at this school.A. quiteB. muchC. prettyD. so7. －Did you remember to return the book to our English teacher?－Yes. I gave it to him _________ I saw him.A. onceB. whileC. ifD. the moment8. He was ________ for work, for he could not imagine life without it.A. expectedB. worriedC. eagerD. proud9. I ______ from the crowd an old friend of mine whom I hadn’t seen for ten years.A. figured outB. picked outC. gave outD. went out10. I believe the child _________.A. to tell trueB. to have told the truthC. having the truthD. having told the truth11. Jack _________ the test again; in that case, his father will be very disappointed.A. must have failedB. might failC. should failD. could have failed12. ________ enough time, but I couldn’t do it better.A. I was givenB. GivenC. To be givenD. Though I was given13. Our doctor always talks to me _________ a teacher talking to a child.A. as same asB. howC. likeD. similar as14. －Johnson, there’re a lot of chairs over there. Go and fetch _________ for me.－Why _______? Mike is sitting there doing nothing.A. one; meB. that; not heC. it; not himD. some; I15. －Let me help you carry your travel case to the station, Granny.－Oh, no, my boy. It is ____________ heavy. _______.A. so; What a good boyB. not so; Thanks a lotC. rather; How kind of youD. not too; Thank you anyway.二、完形填空Most children with healthy appetites（食欲）are ready to eat almost anything that is offered to them. A child seldom dislikes food 16 it is badly cooked. The 17 a meal is cooked and served is most important and an 18 served meal will often improve a child’s appetite. Never ask a child 19 he likes or dislikes a food and never 20 likes and dislikes in front of him or allow 21 else to do so. If the father says that he hates fat meat or the mother 22 some vegetables in the child’s hearing he is 23 to copy this action.Parents should accept the fact that he likes everything and he probably 24. Nothing healthful should be omitted （删除）from the meal because of a 25 dislike. At meal times it is a good 26 to give a child a small part and let him 27 back for a second helping rather than give him as 28 as he is likely to eat 29 . Do not talk too much to the child 30 meal times, but let him get on with his food; and do not 31 him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will 32 learn to swallow his food 33 he can hurry back to the toys in his room. On 34 condition must a child be coaxed （哄骗）35 forced to eat.16. A. if B. until C. that D. unless17. A. production B. process C. way D. method18. A. immediately B. attractively C. eagerly D. anxiously19. A. whether B. what C. that D. which20. A. agree B. tell C. discus D. argue21. A. everybody B. anybody C. somebody D. nobody22. A. opposes B. refuses C. admit D. digest23. A. willing B. possible C. forced D. likely24. A. should B. may C. will D. must25. A. supposed B. proved C. considered D. related26. A. point B. custom C. idea D. plan27. A. ask B. come C. return D. take28. A. much B. little C. few D. many29. A. all the best B. over and over C. not at all D. all at once30. A. on B. over C. by D. during31. A. agree B. allow C. force D. persuade32. A. hurriedly B. soon C. fast D. slowly33. A. so B. until C. while D. although34. A. some B. any C. such D. no35. A. or B. nor C. but D. neither三、阅读理解ALarry Bird was born in 1965 in a small town in the middle western State of Indiana. He was tall, and always good at playing basketball. He attended Indiana State University. Bird led the team into the College Basketball Championship Game.After completing his college studies, Larry Bird began playing professional（职业的）basketball for the Boston Celtics. He remained with the Celtics for all his professional career（生涯）. During those 13 years, Larry Bird was named the Most Valuable Player of the Year three times. He scored more than 21,000 points, and he played in 13 of the highest scoring games in his team’s history. Once he scored 60 points in just one game.During his very successful basketball career, Larry Bird suffered a number of injuries. In 1989, he stopped playing because of pain in his feet. He returned in 1990, but the pain in his feet returned too. In the next twoyears he experienced more medical problems, and he missed many games.Larry Bird did play on the Dream Team－the first Olympic Team with professional players. However, after winning the gold medal in Barcelona, he announced that he would retire（退役）from professional basketball. Larry Bird said he would have liked to play a little longer, but he could not because of his health problems. He also said it was a good time to leave the game. He wanted to be remembered as a winner.36. The main idea of the second paragraph is that Larry Bird _______.A. was named the Most Valuable Player of the YearB. was strong and tallC. was good at shooting basketsD. was the oldest player of the team37. The underlined word “score” in the second paragraph means ________.A. lostB. gotC. madeD. wrote38. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ________.A. Larry Bird began his career soon after his graduation from the college.B. He lost interest in play basketball after he retiredC. Though he left the team, he didn’t feel too much regret.D. He thought it a right decision to leave the team.39. What team did Larry Bird join during his professional career? ________.A. The Dream Team.B. The Indiana State University Team.C. The Boston Celtics.D. An unknown team.BA world of chanceThe New York Times is now better than ever－All the more reasons to order home delivery now.NEW－Separate sections（版面）for the Arts, Monday through Thursday, and Sports 7 days a week that you can pull out, take with you or pass along.NEW－The Dinning In, Dinning Out section, Wednesday, a banquet（宴会）of great meals you can make yourself, order up or eat out.NEW－The House & Home section, Thursday, filled with useful, interesting features（特别报道）and articles about making the most of all sorts of living spaces.NEW－An Enlarged, two-part Weekend section, Friday with more ideas about movies, shows, art exhibitions, outdoor and indoor recreation.Latest news and sports results daily. And of course, daily world and national news, Sunday’s special sections and all the other great features you’ll continue to find in the Times.Find out just how much YOU can obtain from the Times every day.Call 1－800－311－1969 or use the postage-paid order card to order convenient home delivery at 50％OFF out regular price.40. If you want to find out the more information of films you should _________.A. call 1-800-311-1969B. go over the House and Home sectionC. read the Art sectionD. read Weekend section41. If you want to order home delivery, you may ________.A. use the order cardB. send E-mail to the sales officeC. telephone sales manager of the TimesD. pay for the postage yourself42. From the passage we know that _______.A. the Times sells at a lower price than beforeB. the Times has improved a great deal and everyone likes to read itC. many of the good features of the Times remain unchangedD. you will learn everything by reading the Times every day43. The owner of the passage advertises ________.A. to introduce the new sectionsB. to announce the new sections of the TimesC. to make known his new plan of the TimesD. to persuade people to buy the Times CPackaging（包装）is an important form of advertising. A package can sometimes motivate someone to buy a product. For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food that comes in a box with a picture of a TV character. The child is more interested in the picture than in breakfast food. Pictures for children to color or cut out, games printed on a package, or small gifts inside a box also motivate many children to buy products－or to ask their parents for them.Some packages suggest that a buyer will get something for nothing. Food products sold in reusable containers are examples of this. Although a similar product in a plain container might cost less, people often prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish, because they believe the container is free. However, the cost of the container is added to the cost of the product.The size of a package also motivates a buyer. Maybe the package has “Economy（经济）Size” or “Family Size” printed on it. This suggests that the large size has the most product for the least money. But that is not always true. To find out a buyer has to know how the product is sold and the price of the basic unit. The information on the package should provide some answers. But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement. The words and pictures do not tell the whole story. Only the product inside can do that.44. As used in the first paragraph, the word “motivate” most probably mean _______.A. making one believe what he does is justB. providing a story that makes one movedC. supplying a thought or feeling that makes one actD. making one deep in thought45. “A buyer will get something for nothing” most probably means that ________.A. a buyer will not get what he wants toB. a buyer will gain more than he losesC. a buyer will get what he pays forD. a buyer will get something useful free of charge46. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? ________.A. On seeing a well-designed container, a buyer often neglects（忽略）what is inside it.B. A buyer is also attracted by the size of the container.C. Children are often made to buy a product by its package with attractive pictures.D. Package is often a successful advertisement.47. What suggestion does the author give in the passage? ________.A. The best choice for buyer is to get a product in a plain package.B. A buyer should get what he needs most.C. Do not buy the product which is sold in a glass or dish.D. The quality of a container has nothing to do with the quality of the product.DFor some time it has been widely accepted that babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological（生理的）“drives”as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful effects.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began go study he children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “turned on ”the lights－and indeed that they are able to learn quite difficult turns to bring about this result, for example, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.Papousek’s lights were placed directly in front of the babies and he noticed that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile” when the lights came on. Papousek concluded that it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a basic human need to make sense of the world and bring it under control.48. According to the author, babies learn to do things which ________.A. are directly related to pleasureB. will meet their physical needsC. will bring them a feeling of successD. will satisfy their curiosity49. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby ________.A. would make learned responses when it saw the milkB. would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC. would continue the simple movements without being given milkD. would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink50. In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to _______.A. have the lights turned onB. be rewarded with milkC. please their parentsD. be praised51. The babies would “smile” at the lights because _______.,A. they need not turn back to watch the lightsB. they succeeded in “turning on” the lightsC. the lights were directly related to some basic “drives”D. the sight of the lights was interesting【试题答案】1. C2. B3. B4. D5. A6. A7. D8. C9. B 10. B 11. B 12. A13. C 14. A 15. D 16. D 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. D 41. A 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. D46. A 47. D 48. C 49. C 50. A 51. B独立主格结构1 I send you 100 dollars today,the rest __in a year.A followsB followedC to followD being followed2 The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft,the most recent __at theend of last March.A has been launchedB having beenlaunchedC being launchedD to belaunched3 The speech ____,a lively discussion started.A being deliveredB was deliveredC be deliveredD having been delivered4 Night ___,we hurried home.A fallsB to fallC fallenD falling5 The meeting ___over ,we all left the room.A isB to beC beingD would be6 The murderer was brought in,with his hands ___behind the back.A being tiedB having tiedC to be tiedD tied7 I send him most of the books ,the remaining __in a month.A followsB followedC to followD being followed8 The fish ___bad ,the childten left much of it___A tasted;untouchingB tasting;untouchedC tasting ;untouching Dtasted;untouched9 Mr. Smith flew to New York this morning,his assistant ___him there this Saturday.A joiningB to joinC will joinD wants to join10 ___from what you say,he ought to succeed.A JudgedB JudgingC When you judgedD Because you judged11 ___Sunday,rather than __at home,I preferred___.A It being ,stay;to travelB Being ;to stay;to travelC Having been;stay,travelD Itwas ;to stay;travel1 CBDDC 6 DCBBB 11 A。
独立主格试题及答案
独立主格试题及答案1. 独立主格结构通常用来表示一个与主句有逻辑联系但又不构成从句关系的附加信息。
2. 下面是一些独立主格结构的练习题，请根据题目要求完成句子。
3. 练习题：- 3.1. 他匆匆忙忙地离开了，没有留下任何消息。
答案：He left in a hurry, leaving no message behind.- 3.2. 她静静地坐着，眼睛盯着窗外。
答案：She sat quietly, her eyes fixed on the window.- 3.3. 学生们在教室里讨论，老师在黑板上写字。
答案：The students were discussing in the classroom, the teacher writing on the blackboard.- 3.4. 他躺在床上，手里拿着一本书。
答案：He lay in bed, a book in his hand.- 3.5. 雨下得很大，我们决定推迟野餐。
答案：It was raining heavily, so we decided to postpone the picnic.4. 注意事项：- 4.1. 独立主格结构中的主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系时，用现在分词形式。
- 4.2. 若是被动关系，则使用过去分词形式。
- 4.3. 独立主格结构可以有自己独立的状语、定语或补语。
5. 独立主格结构的构成：- 5.1. 名词/代词 + 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。
- 5.2. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同。
6. 独立主格结构的使用场景：- 6.1. 用于表示时间、原因、条件、让步等。
- 6.2. 用于强调某一动作或状态。
7. 练习题答案解析：- 7.1. 答案解析：leaving no message behind 是独立主格结构，表示他离开时没有留下消息。
- 7.2. 答案解析：her eyes fixed on the window 是独立主格结构，表示她的眼睛盯着窗外。
高中英语 独立主格结构精讲(配套练习和答案)
独立主格结构“独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”。
由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。
（一）独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分，形式为：基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1．名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例：The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.注：“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去，形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。
2．名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例：The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3．名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。
These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行）to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例：Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.5．名词/代词+形容词短语形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。
独立主格结构(精讲精练 翻译练习)
独立主格结构●独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个在句中作状语的短语，用于修饰整个句子。
其位置灵活，可位于句前或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
●独立主格结构具有两个特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
●独立主格结构类型：● 1.名词/代词+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）● 2.名词/代词+(being)+表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）1.名词/代词+现在分词（doing）Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.=The winter comes,and it gets colder and colder.Time permitting,I will go with you.The girl looking at him,he didn’t know what to say.There being no bus,we had to walk home.2.名词/代词+过去分词He was listening carefully,his eyes fixed on the blackboard.The work done,he went back home.=After the work was done,he went back home.More time given,we can finish the work.=If more time is given to us,we can finish the work.3.名词/代词+动词不定式（由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态）His friends to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.No one to wake me up,I might be late for the first class.Many trees to be planted,our school will look even more beautiful.4.名词/代词+形容词He came into the room,his face red with cold.She went to party,her clothes beautiful.5.名词/代词+副词The meeting over,our headmaster soon left the meeting room.The lights off,we could not go on with the work.6.名词/代词+名词His first shot failure,he fired again.他第一枪没打中，又开了一枪A lot of people all over the world are fans of the smartphone,many of them Chinese.全世界很多人都是这款智能手机的粉丝，其中许多都是中国人。
(完整word)高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习
独立主格结构一、概念“独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句阴道词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
二、独立主格的特点【注意】1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”，being不可以被省略。
2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时，being不可以省略。
三、独立主格结构的用法。
一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。
“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1.不定式构成的独立主格结构不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常作原因状语，有时做条件状语。
Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.由于很多作业要做，我只好待在家里。
So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job.如此多的孩子要照顾，这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。
2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构动词-ing形式的句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就是不正确的。
动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构，逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系，是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作时逻辑主语发出的动作。
独立主格结构练习(可编辑修改word版)
独立主格结构练习一1.no bus, we had to walk home.A.There wasB. There beingC. Because there beingD.There were2., I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A.Time permitsB. If time permittingC. Time permittingD. Time's permitting3. , we all went home happily.A. Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said4., we all went swimming in high spirits.A.It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather5., the bus started at once.A.The signal was givenB. The signal givingC. The signal givenD. When the signal given6.She stood there, from her cheeks.A.tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tears rolling down7., the leaves are turning green.A.When spring coming onB. Spring coming onC. Spring came onD. Spring being come on8., I had to buy a new one.A.My dictionary losingB. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lostD. Because my dictionary lost9.I used to sleep with the window .A.openedB. openC. opening D to open10., the hunter went into the forest.A.A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD. A gun being on shoulder11.production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A.AsB. ForC. WithD. Through12.With a lot of work , I have to sit up tonight.A.doB. doingC. doneD. to do13.He stood there silently, his lips .A.tremblingB. trembledC. were tremblingD. were trembling14., her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A.All things consideringB. All things consideredC. All things were consideredD. With all things were considered15., we will surely succeed.A.The teacher helping usB. The teacher to help usC. The teacher will help usD. With the teacher helping独立主格结构练习二1.The thief stood before the policeman, admitting what he had done.A.with his drooping headB.drooping his headC.raising his headD.with his head down2.,he can't go out for a walk as usual.A.With so much work to doB.With so much work doingC.With so much work doneD.Without so much work to do3.It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth and his eyes .A.closed;openB.closed;openedC.closing;openD.closing;opening4.All things ,the plan trip will have to be called off.A.be consideredB.consideredC.consideringD.having considering5.,we have to get down to business right away.A.As there was no time leftB.There is no time leftC.There being no time leftD.There to be no time left6. yesterday,we went out for a walk.A.As a fine dayB.It was a fine dayC.It being a fine dayD.For it was a fine day7.The old man stood there, .A.with back against the wallB.with his back against the wallC.with back against wallD.his back against wall独立主格结构练习三1.no bus, we had to walk home.A.There wasB. There beingC. Because there being2., I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A.Time permitsB. If time permittingC. Time permittingD. Time's permitting3., we all went home happily.A.Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said4., we all went swimming in high spirits.A.It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather5., the bus started at once.A.The signal was givenB. The signal givingC. The signal givenD. When the signal given6.She stood there, from her cheeks.A.tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tears rolling down7., the leaves are turning green.A.When spring coming onB. Spring coming onC. Spring came onD. Spring being come on8., I had to buy a new one.A.My dictionary losingB. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lostD. Because my dictionary lost9.I used to sleep with the window .A.openedB. openC. opening D to open10., the hunter went into the forest.A.A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD. A gun being on shoulder11.production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A.AsB. ForC. WithD. Through12.With a lot of work , I have to sit up tonight.A.doB. doingC. doneD. to do13.He stood there silently, his lips .A.tremblingB. trembledC. were tremblingD. were trembling14., her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A.All things consideringB. All things consideredC. All things were consideredD. With all things were considered15., we will surely succeed.A.The teacher helping usB. The teacher to help usC. The teacher will help usD. With the teacher helping独立主格结构巩固练习一答案：1-5 BCCAC 6-10 DBBBC11-15 CDABB独立主格结构巩固练习二答案:1—5 DAABC 6—7 CB独立主格结构练习三1-5BCCAC 6-10 DBBBC 11-15 CDABB独立主格结构常见类型及练习1.no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. BeingC. Having beenD. There was2. no bus, we had to walk home.A. As there beingB. As there wasC. BeingD. There was3. Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. BeingB. There beingC. It beingD. Having been4. Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. As it beingB. BeingC. It isD. As it is5. , the train started.A. The signal givenB. Giving the signalC. The signal being givenD. The signal giving6. , the train started.A. After having given the signalB. After the signal givenC. Giving the signalD. After the signal was given7. , the text became easier for us to learn.A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words8. , the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new wordsC. New words explainingD. Being explained new word9. , the patient can leave the hospital.A. Better conditionsB. Conditions betterC. Conditions are betterD. Being better conditions10. , the patient can leave the hospital.A. If better conditionsB. If conditions betterC. If conditions are betterD. Being betterconditions11., we’d like to go outing.A. Being SundayB. Sunday OKC. Sunday is OKD. If Sunday OK12. , we’d like to go outing.A. If Sunday is OKB. Sunday being OKC. Sunday OKD.A,B and C13., you can wait a while.A. The play being still onB. The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B14. , so you can wait a whileA. The play is still onB. The play being still onC. As the play is still onD. The play still on15.The boy followed the nobleman here, .A. a sword in handB. a sword in his handC. being a sword in handD. sword in hand16.The boy followed the nobleman here .A. with a sword in his handB. with a sword in handC. with a sword being in handD. a sword being in hand17.He left the office, .A. tears being in eyesB. tears in his eyesC. being tears in eyesD. with tears being ineyes18.The factory produced many famous cars, none of shipped to foreign countries.A.themB. whichC. itD. what19.All flights because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A.having been cancelledB. had been cancelled C .have been cancelled D. being cancelled20.The manager was very angry, for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterday, half of unqualified.A.themB. whatC. whichD. whom21. , I had to ask for two days’ leave.A. Mother being illB. Mother illC. As mother was illD. A,B and C22. , we have to work late into the night.A. The exam nearB. The exam being nearC. As the exam is nearD. A,B and C23., we decided to go for an outing.A. weather permittingB. The weather being so fineC. Had weather permittedD. If theweather is clear24. , the text became easier for us to learn.A. New words explainedB. When new words were explainedC. When teacher explained new wordsD. all above25. , we'll go to visit the Great Wall.A. Weather permittingB. If weather permitsC. If permittingD.A and B26. , the patient will recover himself soon.A. If the treatment is in timeB. The treatment in timeC. The treatment being in timeD. A, B and C27.We have lessons every day, .A. Sunday includedB. Sunday includingC. Sunday is includingD. all the above28.The boy fell asleep, .A. cap on headB. with a cap on headC. a cap was on headD. all the above29.Father came home,A .a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed by a dog D. all the above30.With the man us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.A. to guideB. guidingC. guidedD. to have guide31.With a lot of work , she doesn’t have time to rest.A. to doB. to be doneC. doingD. done32.With the machine all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.A. to workB. workedC. workingD. being working33.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights .A. are onB. onC. to be onD. been on34.With our problem , we all felt happy.A. to settleB. to be settledC. settledD. being settled35.With a lot of difficult problems , the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. to settleB. settledC. settingD. being settled36.With his work , the secretary began to walk home.A. to doB. doingC. doneD. to be done37.The man found the door with both his eyes .A. to be closedB. being closedC. closedD. closing38.We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses .A. standing byB. to be standing byC. stood byD. being standing by39.The murderer was brought in, with his hands .A. to be tied behindB. tied behindC. tying behindD. being tied behind40.You can’t see well .A. with the glasses onB. being on the glassesC. with the glasses to be onD. with the glasses41.Do you know the man a book in his hand?A. withB. havingC. beingD.A and B42.Please offer your seat to the woman a baby in her arms.A. carryingB. havingC. with D .all the above43. late, we had to walk home.A. BeingB. As we wereC. We beingD.A and B44. busy, they had no time to play.A. As they wereB. BeingC. Because they wereD. all the above45.the production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A.ForB. AsC. BecauseD. With46.W ith too many construction projects all the strength out of the economy, people of the small country complained a lot. A. sucking B. to suck C. being sucked D. being sucking47.—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.—Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. [2007 福建卷]A.filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled48.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest in a year.A.followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed49.Father came back, a bag of money on his left shoulder.A. carryingB. he was carryingC. and carryingD. all the above50.Father came back, by a monkey.A. and he was followedB. followedC. and was followedD. all the above51.With the weather conditions , they flew to London immediately.A.taken account intoB. taken into accountC. taking account intoD. taking into account52., he finished playing the game of chess.A.His eyes closingB. With his eyes closedC. Closing his eyesD. Closed his eyes53., I couldn’t get the book I wanted.A.ClosedB. Library closedC. Closing libraryD. With library closing54., the teacher told the class to go through the textA.Checking the answersB. Checking the answers andC. When checking the answers andD. all the above55. a rainy day,A.It being all the farmers had to stay inside.B.BeingC. It wasD. all the above56.A s a little sick, he remained at the clinic.A.feelingB. he feltC. he fellingD. all the above57. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LostB. As he was lost C .He lost D.A and B58. for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.A. WaitingB. When he was waitingC. As he was waitingD. all the above59.The soldier fell asleep .A. with the candle burningB. burning the candleC. when he was burning the candleD. when burning the candle60. , the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.A. Being onB. When being onC. With all the lights onD. When it turns on all the lights61. the notice, he had an idea.soA. When he was watchingB. WatchingC. When watchingD. all the above62. the notice, an idea came to his mind.A. When he was watchingB. WatchingC. When watchingD. all the above63.,there is no school.A.It is SundayB. It was SundayC. It will be SundayD. It being Sunday64.,all the students ran out of the classroom.A.Class was overB. Class is overC. Class overD. When class over65.,everything has changed.A.Time goes onB. Time going onC. As time going onD. With time went on66.He was lying on the grass,his hands under his head.A. crossingB. crossedC. was crossingD. were crossed67.The storm their house,they had to live in a cave.A.destroyedB. destroyingC. having destroyedD. being destroyed68.He entered the room, .A.his nose was red with coldB. and his nose red with coldC. his nose red with coldD. his nose been red with cold69.Here are the first two volumes,the third one next month.A.to come outB. coming outC. will come outD. having come out70.All things , I think we ought to give the job to Mike.A.consideringB. consideredC. having consideredD. are considered71.Spider was up and standing at the door, with every hair of her body .A.stood upB. on its endC. on endD. on the end72.The problem ,they all went home happily.A.settlingB. to be settledC. settledD. to settle73.A lot of work ,he had no time to talk with us.A.doneB. to doC. doingD. to be doing74 .Everyone their seats, the meeting began.A. takenB. takingC. having takenD. to take75.He stood there,his hands behind.A. tyingB. tiedC. were tyingD. were tied76. , Mother had to stay at home and looked after him.A. Being illB. He was illC. Tom being illD. To be ill77.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent at the end of last March. [2007 ft东卷]A.has been launched B．having been launched C．being launched D．to be launched78.The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons for the day. [07 重庆]A.finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished79.. There are a lot of stars existing in space,most of are unknown to us. Band most of are unknown to us. Dmost of being unknown to us. DA.whoB. which C that D them80.Anderson entered the classroom, book in hand.A./; hisB. /; /C. a; /D. a; the81.He left, his sweetheart very lonely.A.feltB. feelsC. has feltD. feeling82.M r. Black left for Beijing this morning, his secretary him there this Friday.A.would join B .joined C. joining D. to join83. at hand, he had to borrow some to buy his wife a present.A.There was no moneyB. There being no moneyC. Being no moneyD. Not been money84.A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, .A.most of them womenB. most of whom womenC. and most of whom are womenD. most them are women85.T he final exam , your parents will not properly allow you to listen to music.A.drawing nearB. draw nearC. is drawing nearD. is drew near86.The thief was brought in, his hands behind his back.A.tyingB. tiedC. being tiedD. having tied87.So many students for the traffic jam, the exam had to be put off.A.were lateB. been lateC. has been lateD. being lateA. have been canceledB. had been canceledC. having been canceledD. being canceled88.He wrote a lot of novels, many of translated into a foreign language.A. themB. whichC. itD. what89.We got near a garden, owner sitting in it. A. its B. whose C. that D. which90.The fine day our pleasure, we had a good time in the country.A.added upB. added inC. added up toD. added to91.Our teacher entered the classroom, .A.a book in handB. book in handC. book in his handD. a book in hands92.There nothing to talk about, everyone in the room remained silent.A.wasB. hadC. beingD. having。
（完整版）独立主格结构讲解及练习
（完整版）独立主格结构讲解及练习独立主格结构的用法一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词（代词）+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词（代词）+现在分词例句：The storm drawing nea，the navvy decided to call it a dayThe storm draw ing n ear在句中作：原因状语=Since the storm was drawing nea，the navvy decided to call it a day由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。
（call it a day今天到此为止）例句：Win ter comin g, it gets colder and colder.Win ter comi ng 在句中作：伴随状语=The win ter comes, and it gets colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
造句：时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。
Time permitt in g, I will go with you. 独立主格作：条件状语=改写：ftime permits, I will go with you.造句：那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。
The girl stari ng at him, he did n 'k now what to say.独立主格作：时间状语=改写：As the girl stared at him, he did n 'tk now what to say.2. 名词（代词）+过去分词例句：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
(完整word版)专四独立主格结构练习题
独立主格结构的构成：名词（代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词（代词）+形容词；名词（代词）+副词；名词（代词）+不定式;名词（代词）+介词短语构成。
独立主格结构的特点：1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.例如：The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished，we began our holiday。
考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated，the whole country was in deep sorrow。
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow。
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done，we went home. 工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over，everyone tired to go home earlier。
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold。
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻得红通通的。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆2 with的复合结构作独立主格表示伴随情况时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构：with +名词（代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。
独立主格(带练习)(完整版)
2)____D______, the train started.
A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given
1.___D_____, the train started.
A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.all the above
2.__D______, the text became easier for us to learn.
1.Father came back, ___A____ a bag of money on his left shoulder.
A.carrying
B.he was carrying
C.and carrying D.all the above
2.Father came back, _D______ by a monkey.
D.Being explained new words
3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词） 该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”
结构。如：
1)___B________, the patient can leave the hospital. A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions
A. New words explained B. B.When new words were explained C. C.When teacher explained new words
(word完整版)高中英语语法独立主格结构讲解
独立主格结构：独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）.它在句法上游离与句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何语法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，给他构成一个完整的寓意环境。
独立主格结构没有主语和位于，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号上与主句隔开。
一、独立主格结构的形式独立结构可分为俩部分，一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。
1）名词/代词+形容词I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。
He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。
2）名词/代词+现在分词Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。
3）名词/代词+过去分词More time given ,we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。
The boy stood there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里，右手高举。
4）名词/代词（主格）+不定式Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month.这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。
[实用参考]高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习.doc
![[实用参考]高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习.doc](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/3403f7bcaef8941ea76e054f.png)
独立主格结构一、概念“独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句阴道词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
二、独立主格的特点1.当独立主格结构中的beingdone表示“正在被做时”，being不可以被省略。
2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it,there时，being不可以省略。
三、独立主格结构的用法。
【注意】独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。
“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1.不定式构成的独立主格结构2.不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常作原因状语，有时做条件状语。
3.Lots of homework to do,IhavetostaPhomealldaP.4.由于很多作业要做，我只好待在家里。
5.So manP children to look after,themotherhastoquitherjob.6.如此多的孩子要照顾，这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。
7.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构8.动词-ing形式的句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就是不正确的。
动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，构成动词-ing形式的独立主格结构，逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系，是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作时逻辑主语发出的动作。
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语法重点：独立主格结构。
1.原文再现。
This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2.独立主格结构定义。
独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词) 或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
3.独立主格结构用法。
A．用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
B.用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
C.用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
D.用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。
E.表示补充说明We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
4.独立主格结构形式。
A.一般独立主格形式，与主句逻辑关系松散形式为: n. + -ed/-ing 形式; n. + 不定式; n. + 介词短语; n. + 形容词; n. + 副词B.名词/主格代词+现在分词，名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主动关系。
The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
C.名词/主格代词+过去分词，名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
D.名词/主格代词+不定式，名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。
E.名词/主格代词+形容词An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
F.名词/主格代词+副词He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。
G.名词/主格代词+介词短语The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
H.with 引导的独立主格:与主句逻辑关系紧密形式为: with + n. + -ed/-ing 形式; with + n. +adj.; with +n. + 介词短语I.each 引导的强调型独立主格:强调句尾的复数名词形式为:句子+ 复数名词结尾, each + 介词短语/形容词短语/名词短语/-ing 形式/-ed 形式Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic businesses will be divided into five groups, each with its own executive.J.There being +名词（代词）There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
K.It being +名词（代词）It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
5.注意事项。
A.独立主格转换成状语从句，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。
After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
B.不能省略being (having been) 的情形：在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。
(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。
如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去做了礼拜。
(2)在There being+名词的结构中。
There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
C.在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。
Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。
比较with 的复合结构。
如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.D.独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。
( C ) 1. --You shouldn’t have helped to Maggie’s new electronic dictionary and broke it.--What shall I do now?A. herselfB. myselfC. yourselfD. ourselves( B ) 2. There are many people who the summer the winter.A. like; betterB. prefer; toC. prefer; thanD. like; than( A ) 3. His grandfather died the wound that the enemy soldier had given him and then his grandmother died hungry and cold.A. from, ofB. of, fromC. from, fromD. of, of( A ) 4. We are going to have rain during the next month.A. a good deal ofB. a good manyC. a great number ofD. numbers of( A ) 5. I have known your situation, I will send the money to you immediately.A. Now thatB. As far asC. On condition thatD. So long as( A ) 6. Not far from the school there was a garden, owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.A. itsB. whoseC. whichD. that( B ) 7. He wrote a lot of novels, many of translated into foreign languages.A. itB. themC. whichD. that( C ) 8. He wrote a lot of novels, many of were translated into foreign languages.A. itB. themC. whichD. that( B ) 9. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of were translated into foreign languages.A. itB. themC. whichD. that( B ) 10. There I met several people, two of being foreigners.A. whichB. themC. whomD. that( B ) 11. There I met several people, two of were foreigners.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that( B ) 12. There I met several people, and two of were foreigners.A. whichB. themC. whomD. that( B ) 13. There nothing more to do, Mr. Goodman left for home.A. wasB. beingC. to beD. had being( B ) 14. It Christmas, the government offices were closed.A. wasB. beingC. to beD. had being( C ) 15. , the old man had no money to buy even a bus ticket.A. His wallet being stolenB. His wallet stealingC. With his wallet stolenD. As his wallet stolen( C ) 16. Though ( ) money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in( A ) 17. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 2000000 silver pennies, over 600 years old.A all of them B. all of which C all of it D none of which( B ) 18. , we had to put the meeting off.A. Because the manager ill B The manager being illC. The manager was ill D .Being ill( A ) 19. , the English speech contest had been on for half an hour.A. They arriving thereB. Arriving thereC. Having arrived thereD. They arrived there( C ) 20. , her proposal is of greater value than yours.A. All things consideringB. All things being consideredC. All things consideredD. All things to be considered。