国家英语四级考试阅读解题技巧

国家英语四级考试阅读解题技巧

答案是[C)。定冠词出现处，一般来说，其所指示的对象已在上文出现过。因此the official 暗示，其含义相当的某种人已在上文出现。根据上下文知，offical是指上文刚提到的my referees。

6)选项内容全面、概括性强的，一般是答案项。

例(’95年1月第3篇)

There are several factors that contribute to wisdom．Of these l should put first a sense of proportion：the capacity to take account Of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight．

Q：According to the author，“wisdom”is the ability to

[A]carefully consider the bad effects of any kind Of research work

[B]give each important problem some careful consideration

[C]acquire a great deal Of complex and special knowledge

[D]give suitable consider action to all the possible dements in a problem

答案是[D]。什么是wisdom(智慧)呢?[A]，[B]，[C]各项都是智慧的某一方面，而不是对整个智慧的概括，而[D]中使用了表恰当程度的词suitable和possible因而不显极端；使用了consideration及elements使文章抽象程度提高，增强了概括性。因而[D]是合适的选项。

三、推理判断题

1．命题规律

1)综合性推论和判断试题常会围绕文章出题。要求将篇首、篇尾、段落中主题句，概括归纳并从中推断出全文主题。

2)合性推论和判断题还可围绕文章若干段落进行，要求推论和判断出段落间的关系。

3)支持主题思想的细节部分常被考。这些细节部分表现形式多样，可以是列举、例证、实验人物论断等，要求考生对这部分内容进行判断推理。

4)文章或段落开头处，尤其是文章结尾总结处常考

5)语义转折处常考

2．应试技巧

1)若要求对某段内容进行判断、推论、那么就只看题干要求做答的那一段。

例：(’96年6月第1篇)

Exchange a glance with someone，then look away．Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer，and you have made a different statement．Hold it for 3 seconds，and the meaning has changed again．

Q：It can be inferred from the first paragraph that

[A]every glance has its significance

[B]staring at a person is an expression of interest

[C]a gaze longer than 3second is unacceptable

[D]a glance conveys more meaning than words

答案是[A)。根据题干要求，我们只在第一段中寻找答案。从上述所引片段可推断出一瞥意义各不相同，这与[A)项意义吻合。

2)选项措词过于绝对化的，一般不是答案项。

例：(’98年6月第4篇)

I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years．I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time，and she remembers that when she first joined the community，there were fewer than a

handful of minorities on campus．Now，all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity．Q：It can be inferred form the passage that

[A]meritocracy can never be realized without diversity

[B]American political circles will not accept diversity

[C]it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U．S．media

[D]minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity

答案是[A)。文中通过一位美国黑人教授之口，传达出多样性的好处的信息，因此可以推断出是多样化使不拘一格使用人才成为可能，与[A)项意义吻合。若单从选项本身判断，[刚和[C]语义过于绝对，因此排除，这样使判断范围缩小，有利于选择答案。

3)合乎常理，意义深刻，或符合一般常识的选项一般是答案项，而照抄原文或对文中作字面解释的则不是答案。

例(’98年1月第2篇)

For all these reasons，no two people really read the same paper：what each person does is to put together，out o f the pages of that day’s paper，his own selection and sequence，his own newspaper．For all these reasons，reading newspaper efficiently，which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time，demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading．

Q：It can be concluded from the passage that the newspaper readers

[A]apply reading techniques skillfully

[B]jump from one newspaper to another

[C]appreciate the variety of newspaper

[D]usually read a newspaper selectively

答案是[D)。比较四个选项发现[A)项似乎照抄原文，意思肤浅，而[D]项则符合人们看报时的普遍经验。因此将选项与常识联系后，很快就会找到正确答案。

4)弄清主题意思。在处理与全文主旨有关的题时，或处理与文章首尾有关的推论题时，一定要放慢速度将各段，尤其是全文首尾句意读懂，再快速阅读其他部分。

5)逻辑推理题干扰项特点：(1)在文章事实或上下文(句)逻辑基础上进行推理而得出观点(2)虽然可以以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为基础进行推理，但推理过头，概括过度。

四、主旨大意题

1．命题规律

1)段首，段尾句常考

一般来说，短文中第一段首句或末段末句往往是文章中心思想的表达处；有时某一段的段首，段尾句是该段的主题句。因此，命题者常在这些地方出题。

2)特殊标点符号，尤其在段首的特殊符号之后的内容，因为往往表达了作者的论点，阐释了全文主题，因而成为考查内容。

3)语义转折处，尤其在段首处的语义转折处，常是考点。因为转折处后面的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或其基本观点，而这又正是文章中心思想所在。

4)因果句常考

因果句也可表现出作者的目的，观点或文章主题，因此可成为考点。表示因果关系的词有：because，since，for，as，therefore，consequently，result in，originate from等。有时作者也通过Why．．．?而后给予回答的方式阐释文章主题。

2．应试技巧

1)在时间紧迫的情况下，只读首尾段，答案很可能就在这些段落中。

例：(’95年1月第1篇)