2017高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文解题技巧

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高考英语阅读理解之说明文解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解之说明文解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解说明文答题方法1.文体概述说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理,给人以知识的文体。

它通过对实体事物(如仪器、产品、自然环境)的解说,或对抽象事理(如概念、原理、定律)的阐释,使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解,或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识,从而获得有关的知识。

说明文实用性很强,它包括广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词、科学小品等。

2.说明文题材题材涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各个领域。

如:介绍科学领域的最新成果、机器的制造过程、产品工艺流程或使用说明、工程项目的规划、社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物、生物的生存状况、自然或社会现象产生的原因和解决办法、人文地理知识等。

3.说明顺序时间顺序(如事物的发展变化)、空间顺序(如建筑结构)、逻辑顺序(如因果、现象与本质)。

4.说明方法为了把事物的本质特征说清楚,或者把事理阐述明白,常用下列说明方法:举例子、作比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。

5.结构特点1)总体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述;2)现象或变化+细节或原因阐述+引发的后果和相关启示。

6.语言特点高考英语阅读理解中的说明文多为科普知识方面的题材,文中常包含有结构复杂、句意深奥的长句难句。

因学术性强、抽象度高,解题的难度相对较大。

7.说明文阅读理解的特征英语说明文与其它文体一样,文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面,即Who →What→When→Where→How→Why。

1) Who:问的是这篇文章的主体是谁?(即所要说明和描述的人或事物)2) What:问的是主体做了什么事情?(即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途)3) When和Where:是在何时何地发生的?(即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途)4) How:通过什么方式表现出来的?5) Why:这种特性功能用途的原因是什么?8.阅读方法阅读说明文的关键是:抓住说明对象的本质特征。

2017高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之应用文命题分析

2017高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之应用文命题分析

2017高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之应用文命题分析全国高考英语考试说明明确指出,要求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料,例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章,这说明了应用文文体在高考英语中的重要性。

这个特点在历年高考试题中有明显的印证,不管是全国高考卷,还是省区高考卷中基本每年都涉及应用文文体的考查,这充分体现了"为用而学,学以致用"的新课程理念。

因此,考生很有必要认真研读阅读理解中应用文的特征和命题特点,并掌握一定的解题方法。

本文拟结合近年高考英语全国卷阅读理解中所涉及的应用文文体,帮助考生提高阅读理解的解题能力。

应用文是在日常工作和生活中使用的文体,通常以实用性为目的、以真实性为基础、以时效性为根本、以规范性为准则。

该文体一般可分为两大类:一类是说明性应用文,包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、指南、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等;另一类是叙述性应用文,如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等。

目的都是向读者传输信息。

高考试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文,偶尔也会有书信类文章出现。

从近三年高考全国卷阅读理解中应用文的话题分布情况可知,前一类是应用文命题的首选题材,其中包括广告、海报和指南等。

在高考英语阅读理解中应用文体的考查主要有如下几个特点:1. 就文体特点而言,应用文主要是为了向读者传递信息,措辞简洁明了,一般来说,和所述问题无关的文字不会出现。

例如很多文章没有标题,甚至通篇没有一个完整的句子,而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。

2. 就选材特点来说,信息量大,文句精练,形式灵活,用最小的篇幅表述最大量的信息。

其中书信,招聘和商品销售等广告,交通运输时刻表,日记等的比例较大。

其内容特点表现为:生活化,实用化,多样化。

3. 就形式特点而言,标题醒目,重点突出,条理清晰,常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章结构更鲜明。

4. 就语言特点来说,文章充斥大量冗长而生僻的专有名词,如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名等等,而且没有汉语注释。

高考英语大题冲关秘笈 阅读理解之说明文 解题技巧

高考英语大题冲关秘笈 阅读理解之说明文 解题技巧

2017高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文解题技巧高考阅读理解中,说明文为主要体裁之一。

高考阅读理解题的设问主要围绕以下四方面:细节事实题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、猜测词义题。

其中,说明文主要以细节事实、主旨大意和猜测词义三方面问题为主。

一、词义猜测类题型阅读理解题中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思。

历年英语高考题中均有此类题目,有的文章尽管没有专门设题,但由于文章中常常出现生词,因此,词义的猜测还是贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。

解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测。

判断一个单词的意思不但离不开句子,而且还需要把句子放在上下文中,根据上下文提供的线索加以猜测。

运用构词法,语境等推测关键词义,可以根据以下几种方法猜测:(一)内在逻辑关系根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系,然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义。

1.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay 这个词,也可以知道它是愉快的意思.这是高三册第八单元阅读第五段的句子:The word "secure" in paragraph 5 line is closest in meaning to_________.A.freefromanxietyB.anxiousC.nervousD.happy根据上下文和同义词,可以选出答案A。

二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域.通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思,即不英俊,不漂亮的意思。

2017高考英语阅读理解解题技巧_0

2017高考英语阅读理解解题技巧_0

2017高考英语阅读理解解题技巧2017高考英语阅读理解解题技巧对阅读理解能力的测试是高考英语考试中必不可少的测试项目,主要考查学生对于不同体裁或不同题材语言材料的理解能力,以及通过材料的阅读,对材料中信息的捕获能力。

下面给大家说说2017高考英语阅读理解解题技巧,欢迎阅读。

关键信息定位法。

这个主要是细节题,如涉及到数字(日期、时间、价格等),就可以在文章中快速圈出数字,再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息,还有人物姓名、地点名词等等,其他的还包括一些提示情节发展,或条纲性关键字眼,如First, Next, Finally等等。

As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011,when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. (2011年高考英语北京A篇)What happened to the author in 2011?A. She flew an airplaneB. She entered a competitionC. She went on a hot air balloon rideD. She moved into a retirement community解析:此题属典型细节题,通过题干中的时间in 2011不难定位到文中粗体字部分,很容易可以锁定正解为C。

同义定位法。

英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。

同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致,但属于同义性质,同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯。

2017高考英语阅读理解解题技巧有哪些

2017高考英语阅读理解解题技巧有哪些

2017高考英语阅读理解解题技巧有哪些 2017高考英语阅读理解解题技巧有哪些对阅读理解能力的测试是高考英语考试中必不可少的测试项目,主要考查学生对于不同体裁或不同题材语言材料的理解能力,以及通过材料的阅读,对材料中信息的捕获能力。

下面给大家说说2017高考英语阅读理解解题技巧有哪些,欢迎阅读。

在阅读中,精准快速的定位加上正确的理解力才能保证做题的量与质。

定位法是需要在做题的过程中有意识的培养的,做题的技巧也是可以总结的,关键是要自觉培养这种分析归纳和总结的意识以及能力。

在理解原文字面意思的基础上,通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示,做出一定的判断和推理,从而得到文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。

出现特征:在考题中经常出现的词有infer, imply, indicate,conclude,learn from,probably,most likely,prove /according to等。

She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. We're moving house.'; No space for her any more with the baby coming. We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present. People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogsI had ever seen.(1) 要在阅读原文基础上,仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系(2) 再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何(3) 要注意题目是否过大或者过小(4) 要避免下列三种错误概括不够(多表现为部分代整体,导致范围过小),过度概括(多表现为扩大范围),以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。

高考英语阅读理解说明文解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解说明文解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解说明文解题技巧(1)数字说明文在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义,从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。

(2)解释说明文解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。

许多科普文章都属于这一类。

在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。

它们是文章的关键。

如能带着这些问题阅读,将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。

(3)比较说明文比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。

在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。

在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。

但是,在一般状况下,的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。

2高考英语阅读理解有用解题技巧一、事实细节题关于事实细节题,剖析一下不难看出,事实细节的内容不会单独出现,它总会与前前后后的段落内容相呼应。

考生只要抓住整体大纲,看懂主题,利用内容间的因果关系,通过时间空间的关系转换,并对细节进行深入的剖析了理解,确定主题,将零碎的细节组成一个有机整体,就能深入理解材料的内容,从而轻松解决问题。

二、词句理解题词句理解题主要讲究的是理解题意,通过短文的词、短语或句子的理解来充分理解题意,,碰到不熟悉的词语要避过,先略读再通读,仔细推敲,尤其是对语境的理解要准确。

三、推理推断题推理推断题最主要的就是注重文章结构的逻辑关系,抓住关键词,结合有关的生活和社会常识,理清文章的结构层次、文章内容和文章的中心思想,推断的写作意图和写作目的,进行推断。

四、归纳概括题合适这类题型的阅读理解通常具体反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上;很多文章从一开头就直接说出观点,表达中心思想。

所以关于这类题型,一定要提示同学注意主题句和主题段,绝大多数的短文类似于语文的老三段,注意段与段之间的联系,注意隐藏的中心思想,准确了解文章结构,把握句与句之间的关系,注重逻辑关系,把握住文章的脉络即可。

3如何突破高考英语阅读理解统览全篇摘录要点阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、态度、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解,而不是断章截句的一孔之见,所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的,这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。

2017年高考英语阅读理解题答题全攻略.doc

2017年高考英语阅读理解题答题全攻略.doc

2017年高考英语阅读理解题答题全攻略高考英语要想取得好成绩除了要掌握好相关知识点,还要掌握一定的答题技巧,这样解题的时候才能提高效率,为此下面为大家带来2017年高考英语阅读理解题答题全攻略,希望对大家备考高考英语考试有所帮助。

高考阅读的时间分配问题:1. 4篇7580分钟,平均每篇1520分钟。

2. 读文章的时间分配:用68分钟完成第一遍阅读,1014分钟来琢磨题目,每题平均2分钟。

高考阅读的特点:①文章单词量不大,但句型结构复杂。

(熟背大纲,将每篇文章中的长难句摘录下来,加以背诵)②作者的观点不一定明确。

③选项的迷惑性比较大。

阅读理解中做题误区:1. 读的太快,做题靠印象和直觉。

(要求每一道题回到原文去找答案)2. 先看题目,后读文章。

(与先读文章后看题目的比较)高考阅读方法:先通读全文,重点读首段、各段的段首段尾句,然后其他部分可以略读,再审题定位,重叠选项,选出答案。

要有把握文章宏观结构、中心句的能力。

3. 阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有:①标志类、指示类的信息。

a.表示并列关系:and;also;coupled with等b.表示转折关系:but;yet;however;by contrast等c.表示因果关系:therefor;thereby;consequently;as a result等d.表示递进关系:in addition to;even;whatmore;furthermore等e.表示重要性的词: prime;above all;first等以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握②具有感情色彩显示作者态度的词:blind盲目的(贬)excessively过分的(贬)其他总结1. 阅读的启示:①短文中的一些难以理解的句子有时并不会对理解全篇产生很大的障碍。

②把握文章结构,抓住文章的核心概念。

③踏踏实实地提高自己的阅读水平(70%),并且要掌握一定的阅读方法和技巧(30%)。

2017高考大题冲关秘笈高考英语完形填空之记叙文:解题技巧 含答案

2017高考大题冲关秘笈高考英语完形填空之记叙文:解题技巧 含答案

1. 重视首句,要有推断意识
完形填空一般不给出标题,但首句往往不设置空,通常是一个完整的句子,它是全文的关键句,也是主导句。

考生要从这个窗口领悟文章的有用信息,根据有用信息推断文章的大意及主题,从此找到一个突破口展开思维,准确答题。

2. 通读全文,要有作者意识
完形填空不是单项选择,它必须建立在理解文章的基础上,因此要通读全文,从语篇的整体内容出发,根据具体语境,结合语言结构,全面考虑,把握文章的脉络,理解全文大意。

在通读中,找出文章的主题,尤其是作者的观点,要有作者意识,与作者达成共鸣,把握全局,理清思路,抓住主线,按照作者的思路朝着正确的方向发展,根据特定情节,找到唯一正确的,合乎逻辑的答案。

3. 瞻前顾后,要有结构意识
做完形填空题时首先要做到"瞻前顾后"。

完形填空题的选项一般从语法角度来看都可以选,但必须要根据文章前后的暗示词以及行文逻辑关系来选择。

其次要注意词语用法上的细微差别,结合上下文辨析词汇的内涵、外延、褒贬以及修辞色彩。

还要有结构意识,根据句子结构中所需的词汇做出恰当的选择。

同时,也要注意一些惯用法,并结合英美生活常识等做出选择。

4. 反复推敲,要有纠错意识
填完所有空,还要复读一遍,从语法角度入手,仔细推敲时态、语态、语气、主谓一致、代词的格、非谓语动词的形式、形容词和副词以及名词的搭配,要有大胆的纠错意识。

而且,还要克服定时思维,重视不同体裁的文章提供的任何细节,准确无误地做好完形填空题。

2017高考英语必备:阅读理解答题思路及技巧

2017高考英语必备:阅读理解答题思路及技巧

2017高考英语必备:阅读理解答题思路及技巧导语:阅读简答题是非常常见的一种题型,所以掌握相应的英语阅读答题技巧是十分有好处,也是十分必要的。

本文主要介绍的是高考英语阅读理解的答题技巧,希望文章总结的这些中考英语阅读理解大题技巧同学们可以很好地阅读并掌握相关的方法和技巧。

高考英语阅读理解答题思路1.正确审题是答题基础审题正确保证所获取的信息正确,为正确答题提供保障;相反,如果审题错误,就会导致获取的信息错误,最后引起答题错误,因此第一步就要正确审题。

正确的审题包括两个方面的要求:一是对问题的内容正确理解,二是对问题的要求准确把握。

只有这样,把问题弄明白了,才能保证答题的方向正确。

2.查找相关信息是答题的关键信息是答题的根据、答题的根本。

如果找不出信息,也就无法答题。

因此查找相关信息是正确答题的关键。

然而一篇三百字左右的文章所包含的信息很多,考生不能胡乱找出一二句话作为答题的信息,而必须根据第一步对问题内容的理解,找出与问题内容相关的句子。

从而使答案有据可查、有本可依,保证答案内容正确。

3.正确表达是答题的目的正确表达是答题的归宿、是答题的目的。

如果表达不正确,轻则影响得分,重则前功尽弃。

因此,在找出了与问题相关的信息后,就必须结合问题的要求,对信息进行加工、整合、处理,保证答案的形式正确,从而使答案正确无误。

高考英语阅读理解答题技巧考试时间短,任务重,怎样才能使考试作答又快又准呢?考生应该掌握一下答题技巧。

1.先题后文,有的放矢考生在答题之前,先浏览一下问题,弄清问题的内容和要求。

然后带着问题去阅读文章,从而避免了文章中无关信息的干扰,使阅读有意识、有目的地进行。

2.快速阅读,找出信息阅读文章时,对于与问题无关的信息一扫而过,特别是对与问题无关的生词,当放下的就必须放下,切不可纠缠不清,耽误时间;而对于与问题相关的信息在阅读时就一边用笔将其圈划出来。

待到把文章阅读完以后,只要对这些信息进行处理即可。

高考英语阅读理解类型及答题技巧

高考英语阅读理解类型及答题技巧

高考英语阅读理解类型及答题技巧2017高考英语阅读理解类型及答题技巧阅读理解是高考英语试卷中卷面分值最高的,为了方便考生们更好地复习英语,店铺在这里整理了2017高考英语阅读理解文体类型及答题技巧,希望能对考生们有帮助!一、英语阅读文体类型简析高考英语阅读常见的文体类型有:记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。

[1]、记叙文。

英语记叙文以描写叙述为主,主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。

特点是,其主题往往潜伏在字里行间,没有直接地表白出来;文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。

描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。

阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法,快速抓住文中描写的主要内容,从整体上去把握文章的连贯性,进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。

高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。

[2]、议论文。

英语议论文通常为三段式,即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。

首先借助某一现象引出论点,然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证,最后得出结论。

议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。

因此,遇到议论文体时,应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨,弄清作者的观点。

一般来说,作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出,接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证,最后为结论。

还应注意的是:在对论点论证的过程中,每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。

把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。

就议论文而言,其论证的常见结构方式有:1,总分式总---分;分----总;总----分---总;2,并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系;3,递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系;4,对照式把两种事物加以对比,以彰显其中一种。

[3]、说明文。

英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份,说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。

常见的说明方法:1,定义与诠释说明;2,举例与引用说明;3,分类与图表说明;4,比较与比喻说明;5,分析与综合说明;就高考英语说明文的阅读而言,首先要抓住文章说明的要点,也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征;弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明;并明白文章最后的说明结论。

2017高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文体验真题

2017高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文体验真题

2017高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文体验真题Passage 1(2016•全国新课标ⅡC)Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, "The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both."Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the "real" and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C.To stress the importance of reading.D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.2.What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The book.B.An adventure.C.A public place.D.The identification number.3.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A.Meet other readers to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.C.Pass it on to another reader.D.Mail it back to its owner.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Online Reading: A Virtual TourB.Electronic Books: A New TrendC.A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD.A Website Links People through BooksPassage 2 (2016•北京C)California Condor’s Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North America’s largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off. "As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines," says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-free birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systemsand ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. "Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now," he says. "They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them."1.California condors attract researchers’interest because they __________.A.are active at nightB.had to be bred in the wildC.are found only in CaliforniaD.almost died out in the 1980s2.Researchers have found electrical lines are___________.A.blocking condors’journey homeB.big killers of California condorsC.rest places for condors at nighted to keep condors away3.According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning___________.A.makes condors too nervous to flyB.has little effect on condors’kidneysC.can hardly be gotten rid of from condors’bloodD.makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds4.This passage shows that________.A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactoryB.Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineeringC.the efforts to protect condors have brought good resultsD.researchers have found the final answers to the problemPassage 3 (2016•天津C)When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weedingthe garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. "Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence(能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society," said George Vaillant, the psychologist(心理学家) who made the discovery. "And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them."Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25,31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Working —at any age —is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence —the underpinnings(基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, "One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work."1.What do we know about John?A.He enjoyed his career and marriage.B.He had few childhood playmates.C.He received little love from his family.D.He was envied by others in his childhood.2.Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as________.A.a description of personal values and social valuesB.an analysis of how work was related to competenceC.an example for parents’expectations of their childrenD.an explanation why some boys grew into happy men3.Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by________.A.recording the boys’effort in schoolB.evaluating the men’s mental healthparing different sets of scoresD.measuring the men’s problem solving ability4.What does the underlined word "sharp" probably mean in Paragraph 4?A.Quick to react.B.Having a thin edge.C.Clear and definite.D.Sudden and rapid.5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?petent adults know more about love than work.B.Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.C.Love brings more joy to people than work does.D.Independence is the key to one’s success.Passage 4 (2016•浙江C)A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is, well, just playing...right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists (心理学家)have argued that this "play" is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table.Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge,it falls to the ground — and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and thescientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way — that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering,and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort — the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world — is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, "It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children."1.According to some developmental psychologists, ______________.A.a baby’s play is nothing more than a gameB.scientific research into babies’games is possibleC.the nature of babies’play has been thoroughly investigatedD.a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment2.We learn from Paragraph 2 that___________.A.scientists and babies seem to observe the world differentlyB.scientists and babies often interact with each otherC.babies are born with the knowledge of object supportD.babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do3.Children may learn the rules of language by__________.A.exploring the physical worldB.investigating human psychologyC.repeating their own experimentsD.observing their parents’behaviors4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A.The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.B.Studying babies’play may lead to a better understanding of science.C.Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.D.One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.5.What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’research and babies’play?A.Convincing .B.Confused.C.Confident.D.Cautious.Passage 5 (2016•浙江C)Chimps (黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at random — he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that socialintelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a "we", a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.1.What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?A.Chimps seldom care about others’interests.B.Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C.Chimps like to take in their neighbors’f ood.D.Chimps naturally share food with each other.2.Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they _______.A.have the instinct to help othersB.know how to offer help to adultsC.know the world better than chimpsD.trust adults with their hands full3.The passage is mainly about_________.A.the helping behaviors of young childrenB.ways to train children’s shared intentionalityC.cooperation as a distinctive human natureD.the development of intelligence in childrenPassage 6 (2016•浙江B)El Niño, a Spanish term for "the Christ child," was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Niño sees warm wa ter, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Niño in 1997-98 helpedAmerica’s economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests: farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the drough t in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Niño, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Niños come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Niño’s harmful effects — and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.1.What can we learn about El Niño in Paragraph 1?A.It is named after a South American fisherman.B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.2.What may El Niños bring about to the countries affected?A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.C.Rich countries’gains are greater than their losses.D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.3.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that __________.A.more investment should go to risk reductionernments of poor countries need more aidC.victims of El Niño deserve more compensationD.recovery and reconstruction should come first4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A.To introduce El Niño and its origin.B.To explain the consequences of El Niño.C.To show ways of fighting against El Niño.D.To urge people to prepare for El Niño.Passage 1 (2015•新课标全国卷ⅠD)Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the "talking cure". Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. The customers — some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2(plus drinks)per session —are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论), slow to open up and connect. "You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’or ‘people think’," Lehanne told them. "Say ‘I think,’‘Think me’."A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle —longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.The city’s "psychology cafes", which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what theyfeel. "There’s a strong need in Paris for communication," says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. "People have few real friends. And they need to open up." Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. "If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist," she says. "If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak." But then, it wouldn’t be France. 1.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?A.Learn a new subject.B.Keep in touch with friends.C.Show off their knowledge.D.Express their true feelings.2.How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?A.They are less frequently visited.B.They stay open for longer hours.C.They have bigger night crowds.D.They start to serve fast food.3.What are theme cafes expected to do?A.Create more jobs.B.Supply better drinks.C.Save the cafe business.D.Serve the neighborhood.4.Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?A.They bring people true friendship.B.They give people spiritual support.C.They help people realize their dreams.D.They offer a platform for business links.Passage 2 (2015•新课标全国卷ⅡB)Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places — and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.Don’t forget the clock —or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about________.A.their home comfortsB.their body shapeC.house buyingD.healthy diets2.A home environment in blue can help people_________.A.digest food betterB.reduce food intakeC.burn more caloriesD.regain their appetites3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A.Eat quickly.B.Play fast music.e smaller spoons.D.Turn down the lights.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Is Your House Making You Fat?B.Ways of Serving DinnerC.Effects of Self-ConsciousnessD.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?Passage 3 (2015•湖南B)In its early history,Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help,he replies, "No,thanks. I’ve got a good horse under me."The city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水)system,but there simply wasn’t enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.This raised the level of the city’s streets by as much as 12 feet.This of course created a new problem:dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?That’s where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶)beneath the building’s foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman’s signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn’t even notice anything was happening.Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago’s early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city’s next step was to clean the polluted river. 1.The author mentions the joke to show_______.A.horses were fairly useful in ChicagoB.Chicago’s streets were extremely muddyC.Chicago was very dangerous in the springD.the Chicago people were particularly humorous2.The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to _______.A.get rid of the street dirtB.lower the Chicago RiverC.fight against heavy floodsD.build the pipes above ground3.The underlined word "hoist" in Paragraph 4 means "_______".A.changeB.liftC.repairD.decorate4.What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?A.It went on smoothly as intended.B.It interrupted the business of the hotel.C.It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.D.It separated the building from its foundation.5.The passage is mainly about early Chicago’s_______.A.popular lifestyles and their influencesB.environmental disasters and their causesC.engineering problems and their solutionsD.successful businessmen and their achievementsPassage 4 (2015•安徽C)As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where。

高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文考纲解读

高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文考纲解读

2017高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文考纲解读
【备考启示】
在复习中应着重加大语篇分析的训练,提高学生语篇分析能力和语言的综合运用能力,要精选一些短文阅读试题进行渐进式的强化练习,注重做题时间的控制和阅读速度的定量提高。

从练入手强化知识的运用,从分析入手注重能力的提高,从结果入手寻找适应的差距。

要尽可能使自己始终处于积极的思维状态,充分调动大脑中的语言知识,在训练中不断地加以分析、辨异、综合、深化,使整个复习过程处于不断变化、提高、求新、向高考目标接近的运动状态之中。

要做好阅读理解,提高阅读能力,就必须扩大阅读量,探求阅读方法。

对于这方面我们主要加强对以下四个方面的模块训练,一是"理解主旨要义",二是"理解文中具体信息",三是"根据上下文推断生词的词义",四是"做出简单的判断和推理"。

学生复习阅读,首先要对照《考纲》对阅读提出的六点能力要求,(1)理解主旨和要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断生词的词义;(4)作出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

检查一下自己在这六个方面中存在的缺陷。

要求学生做到持之以恒,要求每天阅读三到四篇,限时21-28分钟。

在训练中努力培养学生的学科意识和学科思维能力。

提高"识别考点,寻找已知条件、排错求证"的思维能力。

因为复习本身也是一种再创造活动。

1 / 1。

英语阅读理解说明文解题技巧

英语阅读理解说明文解题技巧

英语阅读理解说明文解题技巧英语说明文”是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体,旨在对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等做科学解说。

与故事或议论文不同,说明文通过解说事物、阐明事理,使人们增长知识和技能。

在高考英语阅读理解题中,说明文是重点内容之一,具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法,因此结构复杂,专业术语多,易于拉开考生分数档次。

考生要掌握说明文的命题特点和叙述方式,以冷静的心态阅读原文,重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系,以便对其做出准确的语意理解。

一、说明文阅读理解的特征一般来说,英语说明文所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面:who→what→when→where→how→why。

具体而言,who指的是这篇文章的主体是谁,what指的是主体做了什么事情,when和where指的是何时何地发生的,how指的是通过什么方式表现出来的,why指的是这种特性功能用途的原因。

在阅读说明文时,考生要记住这些wh-word,边阅读、边搜记,把握全文。

二、说明文阅读理解的类型高考对阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下几种:细节理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、作者观点题、词汇理解题。

其中,说明文常出现的是细节理解题,考生需要注意细节的把握和理解。

同时,考生也要注意说明文的命题特点,如科普知识、动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文,文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。

Comparative writing is a method of explaining issues through comparison。

When reading this type of article。

it is important to grasp the basic tendency of the entire article。

The author always ___。

in general。

the author'___.n writing covers a wide range。

英语高考说明文阅读技巧

英语高考说明文阅读技巧

英语高考说明文阅读技巧(一)、把握说明对象,辨识说明方法1、常见题型:以选择、填空或简答的形式指明说明对象或说明对象的特征。

如:本文的说明对象是什么?本文的说明内容是什么?拟标语、提建议等。

2、把握说明的对象和特征,可以从以下两方面着手:①.看题目,不少题目都表示说明的对象。

一般事物说明文的对象可以从标题上找。

②.抓首括句和中心句。

好的说明文往往用这种句子来特别所要说明文的事物和特征。

(二)、理清说明顺序,分析文章结构1、常见题型有:以选择、填空或简答的形式,指明整体和局部的说明顺序;或理清说明文的层次,直接划分全文的结构或划分某段的层次.2、常见说明顺序有三种:时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。

3、说明文常见的结构形式:总分式,总分总式,分总式.4、抓逻辑顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序的特征,理清说明顺序。

常见方法有以下两种:①看内容,辨顺序。

介绍事物的特征、种类、成因、功用等,一般用逻辑顺序;说明事物发展变化过程,一般用时间顺序;说明事物的形状、构造,一般用空间顺序。

②找重点词句辨顺序。

空间顺序一般用方位词;时间顺序一般用时间名词;逻辑顺序一般用"因为'、"所以'、"首先'、"其次'、"总之'、"综合所述'等词语。

理清了说明顺序,说明结构就可依据顺序来划分。

2高考英语阅读理解解题技巧(一)阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更准确信息的必要手段,考生在做阅读理解时,不仅要看懂文章的字面意思,还必须要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。

一般来说,词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有互相联系的因素。

阅读的方法可以使用以下几种:1.跳读:就是快速的一步阅读法。

实际上是有选择阅读,找关键词。

用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。

2.略读:指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。

英语说明文阅读解题技巧(精选3篇)

英语说明文阅读解题技巧(精选3篇)

英语说明文阅读解题技巧英语说明文阅读解题技巧(精选3篇)在英语阅读中,文化教育类文章是主要考察材料类型。

文化教育类文章由于其涉及面较广,文化含量较高,那你知道高考英语说明文阅读解题技巧吗?下面小编给大家分享英语说明文阅读解题技巧,希望能够帮助大家!英语说明文阅读解题技巧(篇1)1、快速浏览题干,通过题干先对问题做一些区分。

一般来说,出题人在题目的设置方面,都会按照文章的内容来依次设置问题的顺序。

问题设置的难度也是由浅入深。

所以,大家在第一遍阅读文章时,基本上可以将该篇文章的1-3小题做出答案或是找到问题在文章中显示的位置。

如果是考细节的题目,你可以在第一遍浏览文章的时候,拿铅笔把题干中最具代表性的几个词划出来,为第二遍精读时找寻答案或是思考答案做铺垫。

2、看过题干之后,再返回原文阅读,在阅读的过程中不用过于注重词句的把握,遇到不认识的单词不必作太久的停留,以免影响阅读速度。

3、近些年英语阅读的特点是几乎不出现需要综合跨段的信息情况。

因而,理解之后就可以立即返回题目,阅读选项进行选择。

5、在做态度题的时候,尤其要注意开头和结尾部分,重点是形容词的把握,并且要重视文中出现的有明显转折词的地方。

你喜欢将文章类型分类,而我觉得,将题型分类更科学:①词汇题。

这类题考查目的是,让考生以上下文内容为参考,尝试理解文中出现的生词。

而文章中出现这个生词的位置,往往下文中出现的内容是对这个词的解释、说明、举例等。

②主旨题。

大家应该很熟悉这类题型。

碰到这类题最简单的方法是把文中每段的首句串起来考虑。

若是仅问其中某一段的中心思想,则可将该段的首、尾句加起来考虑。

③作者观点、态度题。

这种题是考查读者对于作者的写作意图和态度是否明了。

解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。

若用褒义词,显然是赞成;若用贬义词,显然是反对;若客观陈述,则是中性的立场,不偏不倚。

更为明显地一个解题办法,就是寻找文中的转折词,一般转折此后面的文段表明了作者的观点。

高考英语说明文阅读解题技巧(精选5篇)

高考英语说明文阅读解题技巧(精选5篇)

高考英语说明文阅读解题技巧(精选5篇)高考英语说明文阅读解题技巧(篇1)良好的阅读习惯是提高阅读能力的前提,不同的阅读方法会产生不同的结果。

良好的阅读习惯应该是:(1)不要出声读或指读,要默读。

出声读和指读都会分散注意力,限制阅读速度。

默读可以集中大脑注意力,边读边想,可设问,可推测。

(2)不要逐字逐句地读,要以意群或句子为单位。

逐字逐句地阅读过多地把注意力放在单词上,不仅影响阅读速度,而且不容易抓住*的中心大意。

(3)不要重复阅读,这样容易影响理解力的集中,减慢阅读速度,挫伤学生的阅读兴趣。

要调用自己的全部知识和智慧,一口气越障碍看到底。

(4)不要一见生词就查词典,要养成根据上下文猜测生词词义的习惯,在不影响理解全文的地方,要舍得放过难点,只有这样,才能保持阅读兴趣。

(5)不要边读边译,这样既影响阅读速度,又不能促进理解。

应该直接用英语思维,记关键词,抓主旨。

高考英语说明文阅读解题技巧(篇2)问题下面的选项可以稍微扫一下,不用认真看。

这样做的目的是快速了解整篇*的大概意思和考点。

也就是说你把题目看完了之后,基本就知道这篇阅读理解在讲什么了。

因为有的阅读*它的写作方式不是“开门见山”式的,往往会先闲扯两句,然后慢慢的导入主题。

很多人上来先看*,一看开头——看不懂,不知道作者想要说什么,然后就晕了头,后面的内容也就跟着糊里糊涂起来。

所以我们先看题目,知道全文大意和考点,即使看*的时候有些地方看不懂,也影响不大了。

高考英语说明文阅读解题技巧(篇3)这前面两部,是我们做阅读理解的常规步骤,在考场上,也就按照这两个步骤来就不错了。

完成者前面那个步骤,每篇*需要用的时间大概是12分钟。

但是,在平时练习中,也这样做收效不大。

因为只阅读一遍,看个半懂不懂,糊里糊涂的选择几个选项,然后对一下答案。

这样我们花了时间,实际上没有什么收获。

花了很多时间做了很多英语题目,却还是停留在原来的水平。

所以说在平时练习中,既然做了一篇,就要吃透一篇,理解一篇,收获一篇。

高中英语说明文阅读解题技巧

高中英语说明文阅读解题技巧

高中英语说明文阅读解题技巧一、掌握说明文的阅读技巧说明文的阅读技巧主要包括两个方面:一是阅读技巧,二是知识背景和理解能力。

在阅读技巧方面,学生需要注意以下几点:1. 抓住文章的主题和结构。

说明文通常有明确的主题和结构,学生应该通过快速浏览文章,抓住主题和结构,了解文章主要讲的是什么,从而更好地理解文章内容。

2. 注意文章的逻辑关系。

说明文的逻辑关系通常比较明显,学生应该注意文章的转折词和递进词,如“but”、“and”、“however”等,以及段落之间的过渡句,把握文章的逻辑关系。

3. 抓住文章的关键信息。

说明文中的关键信息通常包括重要的概念、事实和数据等,学生应该注意这些信息,并对其进行标注和整理,以便更好地回答问题。

4. 理解作者的写作意图和态度。

说明文的写作意图和态度比较明显,学生应该通过分析作者的用词、语气和句式等,理解作者的写作意图和态度。

在知识背景和理解能力方面,学生需要注意以下几点:1. 具备相关的背景知识。

说明文所涉及的内容通常与学生的生活和学习密切相关,学生应该具备相关的背景知识,以便更好地理解文章内容。

2. 提高语言理解能力。

说明文的句子结构和用词都比较简单明了,但是学生仍然需要具备一定的语言理解能力,以便更好地理解文章内容。

3. 掌握说明文的写作特点。

说明文的写作特点包括结构清晰、逻辑严密、用词简练等,学生应该掌握这些特点,以便更好地理解文章内容和解题。

二、解题步骤和技巧在解答高中英语说明文阅读理解题时,学生可以按照以下步骤和技巧进行解题:1. 快速浏览问题和选项。

在开始阅读文章之前,学生应该先快速浏览问题和选项,了解问题的类型和考查内容,以便更好地理解文章和解题。

2. 仔细阅读文章。

在了解问题的类型和考查内容后,学生应该仔细阅读文章,注意文章的细节和重点内容,同时进行标注和整理。

3. 分析问题和选项。

在阅读文章之后,学生应该分析问题和选项,理解问题的考查点和正确答案的特点,同时排除干扰项。

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2017高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文解题技巧高考阅读理解中,说明文为主要体裁之一。

高考阅读理解题的设问主要围绕以下四方面:细节事实题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、猜测词义题。

其中,说明文主要以细节事实、主旨大意和猜测词义三方面问题为主。

一、词义猜测类题型
阅读理解题中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思。

历年英语高考题中均有此类题目,有的文章尽管没有专门设题,但由于文章中常常出现生词,因此,词义的猜测还是贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。

解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测。

判断一个单词的意思不但离不开句子,而且还需要把句子放在上下文中,根据上下文提供的线索加以猜测。

运用构词法,语境等推测关键词义,可以根据以下几种方法猜测:
(一)内在逻辑关系
根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系,然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义。

1.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay 这个词,也可以知道它是愉快的意思.这是高三册第八单元阅读第五段的句子:
The word "secure" in paragraph 5 line is closest in meaning to_________.
A.freefromanxiety
B.anxious
C.nervous
D.happy
根据上下文和同义词,可以选出答案A。

二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域.通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思,即不英俊,不漂亮的意思。

2.根据因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词。

有时文章借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等等)表示前因后果。

例如:
You shouldn’t have blamed him for that,for it wasn’t his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。

3.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought.
从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即drought,由此可见drought意思为"久旱","旱灾"。

而a dry period和drought是同义语。

这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折号等来表示。

4.通过句法功能来推测词义
例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。

从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。

5.通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。

例如The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类.后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。

(二)外部相关因素
外部相关因素是指篇章(句子或段落)以外的其他知识,有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。

这时,就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。

例如:The snakes lithered through the grass.根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识,我们可以推断出slither词义为"爬行"。

(三)构词法
在阅读文章时,我们总会遇上一些新词汇,有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意,而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用,此时,如掌握了一些常用的词根,前缀,后缀,合成等构词法知识,这些问题便不难解决了。

1.根据前缀猜测词义
例如:He fell into a ditch and lay there,semi-conscious,for a few minutes.根据词根conscious (清醒的,有意识的),结合前缀semi(半,部分的,不完全的),我们便可猜出semiconscious词义"半清醒的,半昏迷的。

"I’m illiterate about such things.词根lit-erate意为"有文化修养的,通晓的",前缀il表示否定,因此illiterate指"一窍不通,不知道的"。

2.根据后缀猜测词义
例如:Insecticide is applied where it is needed.后缀cide表示"杀者,杀灭剂",结合大家熟悉的词根insect(昆虫),不难猜出insecticide意为"杀虫剂"。

Then the vapor may change into droplets.后缀let表示"小的",词根drop指"滴,滴状物"。

将两个意思结合起来,便可推断出droplet词义"小滴,微滴"。

3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例如:Growing economic problems were high-lighted by a slowdown in oil output.Hightlight 或许是一个生词,但是分析该词结构后,就能推测出其含义。

它是由high(高的,强的)和light(光线)两部分组成,合在一起便是"以强光照射,使突出"的意思。

Bullfight is very popular in Spain. Bull (公牛)和fight(打,搏斗)结合在一起,指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动—斗牛。

二、主旨大意类题型
主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力,提问的内容可能是全文的大意,也可能是某段的段落大意,一般不易在文中直接找到答案。

怎样把握主旨大意题呢?通常有以下几种方法:(一)阅读文章的标题或副标题
文章的标题是一篇文章的题眼,通过阅读标题或副标题可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。

(二)寻找文章的主题句
分析篇章结构,找出文章主题。

在许多情况下,尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时,根据其篇章特点我们可以通过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句,即文章的主题句来归纳出文章的主题.若短文由若干段组成,除仔细阅读第一段的首句外,还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句,即段落中心.通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句,有时也在文章的末句,其他句子都是用来说明和阐述主题句。

因此,在确定文章的中心思想时,要求学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句。

但也有一些文章,中心思想常常贯穿在全文中,因此要求学生综观全文,对段落的内容要融会贯通,对文章透彻理解后归纳总结。

主题句的特点是:1.相对于其他句子,它表达的意思比较概括;2.主题句一般结构简单;3.段落中其他句子必定是用来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。

总之,为提高阅读理解能力,在阅读时应抓中心思想,作者意图及关键词语,运用联想,比较,归纳,推测等方法,得出最佳结论,选择最佳答案,不能主观臆测,把自己的观点强加进去,与文章的观点混为一谈。

经过长时间有计划,有目的的系统训练,使学生加快阅读速度,提高阅读的正确性,使两者有机地统一起来,以提高学生阅读英语和运用英语进行交际的能力,为继续学习和运用英语切实打好基础.阅读是一种综合性很强的语言实际活动。

我们只有进行大量的课内外阅读,掌握一定的阅读技巧,正确运用阅读方法,才能有效地提高阅读理解能力。

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