考研英语翻译常用三种翻译技法——转译法

考研英语翻译常用三种翻译技法——转

译法

英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点。往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。

例如，在He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job.(他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩)

英语的谓语动词只有admires一个词，其它用的是过去分词(stated)、动词派生名词(decision)、不定式(to fight)和前置词(for)等。汉语没有词形变化，但可以几个动词连用。因此，英语中不少词类(尤其是名词、前置词、形容词、副词)在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。

(一)名词转译成动词

英语中大量由动词派生的名词和具有动作意义的名词以及其他名词往往可转译成汉语动词。

1. 由动词派生的名词转译成动词,在政论文体中较常见

1) One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.

发言人一个接一个表示要打倒帝国主义，要消灭人剥削人的制度，要解放世界上的被压迫人民。

2)Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear-arms race had foundered on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russia’s refusal.

到一九七二年为止，美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了：美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。

3)The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgment of Israeli’s right to exist.

一九六七年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。

4)Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.

火箭已经用来探索宇宙。

2含有动作意味的名词(在叙述、描写文体中出现比较多)往往可以转译成动词。

1) The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.

看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别向往。

2) As the week drew to a close, the enemy rout was complete.一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。

3) A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.

从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。

4) As I taxied over the muddy steel matting of the runway, I got a wave and a grin from my

wingman Lt. Rex Barber.

当我驾驶着飞机在泥泞的钢垫跑道上滑行时，我的僚机驾驶员雷克巴伯中尉向我边笑边挥手。

3.英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher,thinker等等，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。

2) I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.

我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教的好。

3) Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings.

在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。

4) Although he was always the “background”briefer on foreign policy issues, he could never by identified as anything other than “a white house official”or “a high administration source.”

虽然外交问题的背景情况总是由他介绍，但他仍只能称为是一位白宫官员或一位政府高级人士。

上例中的teacher, forgiver, briefer如直译为“教师”，“宽恕者”，“汇报者”，既不符合原文的含义，又不符合汉语表达习惯，所以应该转换成动词。但She is a well-known singer 一句中的”singer”确实是指她的职业，所以只能译成名词：“她是一位著名的歌唱家”。而Some of my class-mates are good singers,这句中的singers显然不是指他们的职业，所以应该译成动词：我们班同学中有些人唱歌唱得很好。

4.作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译成动词，如To have a rest和To have a good look at 里的rest和look。

1) They took a final look at Iron Mike, still intact in the darkness.

他们最后看了铁迈克一眼——它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。

2) The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.

下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到游行。

3) A great cloud rose from the ground and followed the trail of the great sun. At first it was a giant column, which soon took the shape of a supramundane mushroom. For a fleeting instant it took the form of the Statue of Liberty magnified many times.

一朵庞大的烟云随着一轮巨日从地面升起。它起初是个巨大的圆柱，很大形成了凌云驾空的大蘑菇，一瞬间又变成了一座扩大了许多倍的自由神像。

(二)前置词转译成动词

英语中前置词是用的相当多的，其中有些没有动作意味而仅表示时间、地点的前置词，汉译时往往可以省略。但有很多含有动作意味的前置词，如across,past,toward等等，汉译时往往可以译成动词。

1. Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves,by dim lamps.

党员干部吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。

2.“Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.”“来啦!”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。

3.I barreled straight ahead, across the harbour and out over the sea.

我笔直地向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。

4.Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.