分词短语作状语

分词短语作伴随状语

伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的

1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。

）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

比如

The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand.

with handing就是个例子

过去分词，现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情这个句子老师进入了教室，他是拿着本书进入教室的，在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书（相伴）知道意思了吧。

做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。一般的无非又几种情况：

1，过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作

分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语）

a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1以及原因状语2

1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days.

2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.

=As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.

b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句)

The girl was left alone in the room，weeping（crying ）bitterly.

(但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分)

C.difference between "being done"&"done"

1）being done---->"又被动，又进行”

2）done------->“又被动，又完成”

1），2）均可作原因状语从句，而且更倾向于“done”，因为简单

eg.(being) deeply moved, she couldn't help crying.

但作条件(a)，伴随状语只能用(b)2），不能用1）

eg.(a)Once seen, it can't be forgotten./If asked so many questions, Mary's face will turn red.

(b)she watched all the gifts ,greatly amazed.(=she watched all the gifts, and was greatly amazed在一般句中：v1,and v2/ v1,v2,and v3)

结论：当发现所要填非谓语为被动时，能用"done"就用"done"(除了有先后顺序(用(having done/having been done)，详见D)

D.having done1)/having been done2)作状语时，分词的动作先于谓语动词eg.1)Having handed in the paper, he left the room.(分词逻辑主语与主语相同，用having done)

2)Having been given a map, we found our way easily.(分词逻辑主语与主语不同，是别人给的，用having been done)

用所给词的适当形式填空。

He sat in the armchair，_______ (read) a newspaper.

______ (seen) from the top, the mountain is so beautiful.

______ (destroy) during the war, the city has now been completely rebuilt.

______ (find) the door unlocked, I went into the kitchen.

在括号中填上适当的连词。

He missed the train. He did not hurry.

He missed the train _________ he did not hurry.

He ran fast. He failed to win the race.

________ he ran fast, he failed to win the race.

I was tired. I went to sleep immediately.

I was ___ tired ____ I went to sleep immediately.

My neighbour went to Tokyo for a holiday. He couldn’t return home. He did not have enough money.

My neighbour, ____ went to Tokyo for a holiday, couldn’t return home ______ he did not have enough money.