北京理工大学导波光学基础 (1)
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导波光学基础
INTRODUCTION TO GUIDED WAVE OPTICS
Sun Yu-nan 孙 雨 南
Department of Optoelectronic Engineering School of Information Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology 求是楼235 Tel：68912558 Email: syn@bit.edu.cn
世界网络业务的数据化趋势
5 4 3 2 1 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Voice Data Total
Year end 1997 Voice growth assumed 10% Data growth assumed 50% Voice/Data crossover at 2002
What’s it to study on in the course? (2)
Contents of the course:
Basic conceptions & basic Theory (Guided Optics): optical wave propagation in fiber and waveguides, variation of its intensity, phase, polarization, pulse shape; coupling each other, modulation…
O-Buffer Reasons: Parallelism(并行性）, No RC delay
What’s it to study on in the course? (1)
Targets of the course:
Basic Conceptions of optical fiber and waveguides， Basic Method to Treat the problems of optical fiber and waveguides (Geometry Optics, Wave Optics, Guided Wave Optics).
Why study this course? (2)
信息时代
两大技术支撑
信息时代 微电子技术 计算机技术
微 电 子 技 术 光 纤 通 信 技 术
光纤通信技术
计 算 机 技 术
Why study this course? (3)
Technical Supports for Information Times 1)computer and integrated circuits IC-LSIC-VSLIC, Series(串行)－Parallel(并行)－ neural network（神经网络）、Optical Interconnection (光互联) -Moore Law: (2000year) Numbers of the devices on a chip, 18 Mons, doubled Capacity of signal-processing increases 106 2)Optical fiber communications and network 1966, PhD.高锟, optical fiber Loss: Corning Cot. 1970, 20dB/km; 1990, 0.2dB/km -Optical fiber Low: User’s number of Internet, doubled in 8 Mons, Capacity of signal Transmitting , increases 106
PREFACE (序言）
Why study this course?
为什么学
What’s it study on in the course?
学什么
How to study the course?
如何学
Why study this course? (1)
Information Times —Information High Way-Internet —Information: Signal fire-Multimedia --Huge “signals” to be transmitted and to be processed • B－ISDN （Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network ）
Parallelism（并行）—Multiplexing(复用） No RC delay
Why study this course?
(5)
In history: Long-middle-shout wave/microwave/optical wave
3 Optical Wavelength windows:850nm,1310nm,1550nm Current 3bands: S-1510nm, C-1550nm, L-1590nm,
If n2= n3, Symmetrical waveguide n2>n3, Asymmetrical waveguide If n1 is homogeneous, called as Step Index (SI)/Slab n1 is inhomogeneous, called as Gradient Index (GI)/planar
Why study this course? (4)
Characters of Optical Waves-Huge Capacity
Capacity ~ Frequency f of carrying wave（载波） foptics/fmicrowave ~ 104 ~106 , 1 channel color TV ~ 960 channel Tel. Phones 1 Chan. Microwave: 1color TV, 1000 Tel. Phones 1 fiber: 100,000 TV, 100,000,000 Tel. Phones
Thin Film Waveguides
x
Sandwich structure:
z d n3 cover
y
film
n1
n2 substrate
Fig.2-1 Schematic of the film waveguide structure
•More than 3 layers •n1> n2≥ n3 •Width (in y)>>d •d~ μm •Δn=n1-n2, ~0.001-0.01 •Δ=Δn/n1≈ Δn/n2 相对折射率差 ~0.001-0.01
波长(nm)
色散(ps/nm.km)
衰减 (dB/km)
0.4
0
大容量光传输系统的发展
1Tbit/s 的传输能 力相当于1秒钟传送：
300年泰晤士报；
10万路电视； 120万路电话；
1000万因特网用户
<Great British Encyclopedia> 《大英百科全书》, 33Vol.s 1994, Computer network, 13hrs. 1997, Internet (Highway), 4.7sec.
Application Backgrounds: (Following Courses)
Optical communications
Optical Fiber Sensors
How to study the course?
About mathematics
--Emphasize conceptions, principles and methods
Strip (Channel) Waveguide 2-dimention, in rectangular coordinate -simpler in mathematics,
Cylindrical Waveguide (Fiber) 2-dimention, in cylindrical coordinate, complicated in mathematics
5) 孙雨南，伍剑，王茜蒨，杨爱英. 光纤技术－理论基础与应用. 北京：北
京理工大学出版社，2006，7
40G 器件
CHAPTER 2 Dielectric Thin Film and Strip Waveguides
Dielectric Optical Waveguides
Thin Film (Slab/Planar) Waveguide 1-dimension, simple, setup conceptions
About grades (成绩） -- examination + assignments
How to study this course?
About References
1)叶培大，吴彝尊. 光波导技术基本理论. 北京：人民邮电出版社，1981 2）蔡伯荣. 集成光学. 成都：出版社，1985 3）顾畹仪，李国瑞. 光纤通信系统. 北京：北京邮电大学出版社，1999 4）D Mynbaev, L L. Scheiner. Fiber-Optic Communications Technology. 北京： 科学出版社，2002
Limit of dispersion (色散）
G.653 Dispersion-shift Fiber (色散位移Baidu Nhomakorabea纤)
17ps/nm.km
0.6 20 EDFA 频带 10
G.652 G.653
0.5
0.3 0.2 0.1 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700
-10 -20
电话业务将逐渐由主角成为配角！
光纤通信技术的飞跃有待于 光－光子器件技术的发展
1980s: E-O-E 1990s:E-control O (Optic Switch 光交换)
O to O (EDFA参铒光纤放大器)
In future: O-control O Real All-optical Network Wavelength converting O-Logic Devices
•Passive Devices: couplers/splitters/gratings/modulators/switches •Active Devices: Laser Diode (LD)/Light Emitting Diode (LED) Photo-detectors (PD)/ Modulators/ Switch
Different from Classical Optics (infinite boundary conditions)
Like-microwave waveguides (dimension ~ wavelength, finite boundary conditions )
Characters of the course:
S+
1450 1490
S
1530
C
1570
L
1610
L+
1650 (nm)
3 Optical Wavelength windows:
Loss: 1970, 20dB/km (T=1%/km) at 850nm, 1990s, 0.3dB/km (T=93.35%/km) at 1310nm 0.2dB/km(T=95.5%/km) at 1550nm
About the schedule --40 class-hours for theory --Applications-Optical Fiber Communications & Fiber Sensors in other courses in next term
--20 class-hours for experiments in next term
Thin Film Waveguides (2) Materials:
•Glasses •SiO2/Si •Ti : LiNbO3 •Ⅲ-ⅤSemiconductors: GaAs / GaAlAs / InGaAsP / InP
•Polymer
Applications: Optical waveguide devices
INTRODUCTION TO GUIDED WAVE OPTICS
Sun Yu-nan 孙 雨 南
Department of Optoelectronic Engineering School of Information Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology 求是楼235 Tel：68912558 Email: syn@bit.edu.cn
世界网络业务的数据化趋势
5 4 3 2 1 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Voice Data Total
Year end 1997 Voice growth assumed 10% Data growth assumed 50% Voice/Data crossover at 2002
What’s it to study on in the course? (2)
Contents of the course:
Basic conceptions & basic Theory (Guided Optics): optical wave propagation in fiber and waveguides, variation of its intensity, phase, polarization, pulse shape; coupling each other, modulation…
O-Buffer Reasons: Parallelism(并行性）, No RC delay
What’s it to study on in the course? (1)
Targets of the course:
Basic Conceptions of optical fiber and waveguides， Basic Method to Treat the problems of optical fiber and waveguides (Geometry Optics, Wave Optics, Guided Wave Optics).
Why study this course? (2)
信息时代
两大技术支撑
信息时代 微电子技术 计算机技术
微 电 子 技 术 光 纤 通 信 技 术
光纤通信技术
计 算 机 技 术
Why study this course? (3)
Technical Supports for Information Times 1)computer and integrated circuits IC-LSIC-VSLIC, Series(串行)－Parallel(并行)－ neural network（神经网络）、Optical Interconnection (光互联) -Moore Law: (2000year) Numbers of the devices on a chip, 18 Mons, doubled Capacity of signal-processing increases 106 2)Optical fiber communications and network 1966, PhD.高锟, optical fiber Loss: Corning Cot. 1970, 20dB/km; 1990, 0.2dB/km -Optical fiber Low: User’s number of Internet, doubled in 8 Mons, Capacity of signal Transmitting , increases 106
PREFACE (序言）
Why study this course?
为什么学
What’s it study on in the course?
学什么
How to study the course?
如何学
Why study this course? (1)
Information Times —Information High Way-Internet —Information: Signal fire-Multimedia --Huge “signals” to be transmitted and to be processed • B－ISDN （Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network ）
Parallelism（并行）—Multiplexing(复用） No RC delay
Why study this course?
(5)
In history: Long-middle-shout wave/microwave/optical wave
3 Optical Wavelength windows:850nm,1310nm,1550nm Current 3bands: S-1510nm, C-1550nm, L-1590nm,
If n2= n3, Symmetrical waveguide n2>n3, Asymmetrical waveguide If n1 is homogeneous, called as Step Index (SI)/Slab n1 is inhomogeneous, called as Gradient Index (GI)/planar
Why study this course? (4)
Characters of Optical Waves-Huge Capacity
Capacity ~ Frequency f of carrying wave（载波） foptics/fmicrowave ~ 104 ~106 , 1 channel color TV ~ 960 channel Tel. Phones 1 Chan. Microwave: 1color TV, 1000 Tel. Phones 1 fiber: 100,000 TV, 100,000,000 Tel. Phones
Thin Film Waveguides
x
Sandwich structure:
z d n3 cover
y
film
n1
n2 substrate
Fig.2-1 Schematic of the film waveguide structure
•More than 3 layers •n1> n2≥ n3 •Width (in y)>>d •d~ μm •Δn=n1-n2, ~0.001-0.01 •Δ=Δn/n1≈ Δn/n2 相对折射率差 ~0.001-0.01
波长(nm)
色散(ps/nm.km)
衰减 (dB/km)
0.4
0
大容量光传输系统的发展
1Tbit/s 的传输能 力相当于1秒钟传送：
300年泰晤士报；
10万路电视； 120万路电话；
1000万因特网用户
<Great British Encyclopedia> 《大英百科全书》, 33Vol.s 1994, Computer network, 13hrs. 1997, Internet (Highway), 4.7sec.
Application Backgrounds: (Following Courses)
Optical communications
Optical Fiber Sensors
How to study the course?
About mathematics
--Emphasize conceptions, principles and methods
Strip (Channel) Waveguide 2-dimention, in rectangular coordinate -simpler in mathematics,
Cylindrical Waveguide (Fiber) 2-dimention, in cylindrical coordinate, complicated in mathematics
5) 孙雨南，伍剑，王茜蒨，杨爱英. 光纤技术－理论基础与应用. 北京：北
京理工大学出版社，2006，7
40G 器件
CHAPTER 2 Dielectric Thin Film and Strip Waveguides
Dielectric Optical Waveguides
Thin Film (Slab/Planar) Waveguide 1-dimension, simple, setup conceptions
About grades (成绩） -- examination + assignments
How to study this course?
About References
1)叶培大，吴彝尊. 光波导技术基本理论. 北京：人民邮电出版社，1981 2）蔡伯荣. 集成光学. 成都：出版社，1985 3）顾畹仪，李国瑞. 光纤通信系统. 北京：北京邮电大学出版社，1999 4）D Mynbaev, L L. Scheiner. Fiber-Optic Communications Technology. 北京： 科学出版社，2002
Limit of dispersion (色散）
G.653 Dispersion-shift Fiber (色散位移Baidu Nhomakorabea纤)
17ps/nm.km
0.6 20 EDFA 频带 10
G.652 G.653
0.5
0.3 0.2 0.1 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700
-10 -20
电话业务将逐渐由主角成为配角！
光纤通信技术的飞跃有待于 光－光子器件技术的发展
1980s: E-O-E 1990s:E-control O (Optic Switch 光交换)
O to O (EDFA参铒光纤放大器)
In future: O-control O Real All-optical Network Wavelength converting O-Logic Devices
•Passive Devices: couplers/splitters/gratings/modulators/switches •Active Devices: Laser Diode (LD)/Light Emitting Diode (LED) Photo-detectors (PD)/ Modulators/ Switch
Different from Classical Optics (infinite boundary conditions)
Like-microwave waveguides (dimension ~ wavelength, finite boundary conditions )
Characters of the course:
S+
1450 1490
S
1530
C
1570
L
1610
L+
1650 (nm)
3 Optical Wavelength windows:
Loss: 1970, 20dB/km (T=1%/km) at 850nm, 1990s, 0.3dB/km (T=93.35%/km) at 1310nm 0.2dB/km(T=95.5%/km) at 1550nm
About the schedule --40 class-hours for theory --Applications-Optical Fiber Communications & Fiber Sensors in other courses in next term
--20 class-hours for experiments in next term
Thin Film Waveguides (2) Materials:
•Glasses •SiO2/Si •Ti : LiNbO3 •Ⅲ-ⅤSemiconductors: GaAs / GaAlAs / InGaAsP / InP
•Polymer
Applications: Optical waveguide devices