正文内文献引用的APA格式要求

正文内文献引用的APA格式要求

（1）一件作品或多件作品的引用：

●It has been argued that teachers’role is to provide the students with optimal conditions

which can facilitate learning so that students can achieve similar successful results (Bloom, 1976, pp. 12-16).

●Gagne (1977, pp. 38-41) also noticed that adult learners were less affected by external

instruction events.

●The advantage of the multiple regression analysis is that it cannot show the complex

interrelations between independent variables (Bryman & Crammer, 1990, pp. 135-139).

●Studies of the good language learner (for example, Naiman, Frohlich, Stern, and Todesco,

1978, pp. 49-52) have tried to identify the strategies which successful learners use (first citation) (Ellis, 1994, p. 37).

●Naiman et al. (1978, pp. 49-52) found a similar relationship, although in this case ‘effort’ on

the part of the learners was also associated with instrumental motivation (subsequent citation) (Ellis, 1994, p. 512).

（2）同一括号里多件作品的引用：

●Empirical studies on student learning carried out since the 70’s have found that students’

learning outcomes to a great extent depend on their choice of learning approaches (Biggs, 1979, 1987).

●The major finding from the earlier studies (Barley, 1969, 1970; Clement et al., 1978;

Gardner & Lambert, 1972; Gliksman, 1976; Spolsky, 1969) was that learners with an integrative motivation tended to obtain better achievement that those with an instrumental motivation.（注意引用作品的排序）

（请认真对照附件6）

正文内文献引用的MLA格式要求

（1）一件作品或多件作品的引用：

●It has been argued that teachers’role is to provide the students with optimal conditions

which can facilitate learning so that students can achieve similar successful results (Bloom 12-6).

●Gagne (38-41) also noticed that adult learners were less affected by external instruction

events.

●The advantage of the multiple regression analysis is that it cannot show the complex

interrelations between independent variables (Bryman and Crammer 135-9).

●Studies of the good language learner (for example, Naiman et al. 49-52) have tried to

identify the strategies which successful learners use (Ellis 37).

●Naiman et al. (49-52) found a similar relationship, although in this case ‘effort’ on the part

of the learners was also associated with instrumental motivation (Ellis 512).（注意：MLA 格式不加年代，只加作者姓和页码，没有逗号）

（2）同一括号里多件作品的引用：

●Empirical studies on student learning carried out since the 70’s have found that students’

learning outcomes to a great extent depend on their choice of learning approaches (Biggs,

注意：这里的下划线表示作者的两篇不同作品，我们现在统一用斜体代替下划线）

●The major finding from the earlier studies (Barley; Clement et al.; Gardner & Lambert;

Gliksman; Spolsky) was that learners with an integrative motivation tended to obtain better achievement that those with an instrumental motivation.（注意引用作品的排序）

●In The Age of Voltaire, the Durants portray eighteenth century England as a minor force in

the world of music and art (214-48).（注意：文内已出现作者名，括号里就只要加页码）（请认真对照附件7）