农民工论文外文翻译

外文翻译一：

国际移民审查，1990.8

政府政策对浙江省农民工的影响

杨秀师

中国试图同时实现农村发展，并严格控制其永久移民，尤其是控制大城市的移民，这与其他发展中国家形成鲜明的对比。中国的农村移民运动可以促进越来越多的农民通过迁徙的途径寻求到在城市就业的收益。但农民永久改变其居民身份，特别是在大中城市，很大程度上还是不可能的，迁徙只是一种可行的临时性选择的运动。

中国政府赞许这样一种运动，就像在试验这样的流动性在应付农村过剩劳动力中的价值一样。与需求大量劳动力和服务的城市相比，农村发展的历程，需要更多的资源。从政府的角度来看，临时流动比较易于实现放宽或者紧缩式地控制，而永久移民相对来讲会困难许多。与此同时，临时移民可能更受青睐,因为它有助于防止大规模的永久移民带来的城市社会混乱和不断增加的压力(Standing 1985)。

在农村和城市的生活质量存在相当大差异的背景下，农村地区和不同类型城市住宅的数据的分析表明，浙江省的永久移民无疑会少于特定的值，如果没政府政策法规的干预。

在中国的政治经济系统中，临时居民不负担城市的教育设施。因为他们没有改变他们的户籍，因此不能像城市居民一样，享有政府在就业、补贴或分配粮食供应方面的援助。但事实上,他们中的很多人都将城市作为生活、工作和学习的长期目的地。

他们中的大部分事实上已经是城市居民，这些暂住居民们为城市提供了城市以及城市居民所需的服务，他们还几乎利用了城市所有的基础设施，如住房、交通、电力、日常食品和消费品等。因此，在考虑移民对于城市的综合影响上，这部分实际上的居民必须加以考虑，如果不予以考虑，在城市规划服务方面会产生问题，同时也会影响城市生活质量。

在中国的农村与城市经济体制造成的压力下，中国已经在灵活运用它的移民

政策。(Chapman Prothero 1983)教导我们，这些国家的许多人事实上不仅仅只属于农村和城市。这些个体已经是农村和城市社区其中的一份子，他们为当地做出了重要贡献，而我们的政策也应该惠及到他们。要想较好地做到这点，我们的政策需要注意到所有形式的人口迁移，包括临时的运动，我们要用理论上公式，在我们研究的基础上，努力开发有效的且符合要求的政策。

临时的运动在对于大城市的处理问题上，以及在城市化上扮演重要的角色，同时有助于实现农村发展，减少农村和城市之间不平等的地方。

考虑到这些可能性的分析结果，笔者建议将研究的重点从移民登记系统上转至人口流动形态上。

移民登记中的数据仅包括总体人口的流动性很小的一部分，而且这些数据反映出更多的被支配的痕迹。要克服这些限制，需要人口迁移方面更加全面的数据，需要涵盖长期或临时的运动，且需要师经过国家或省级的特别设计的调查。同时也迫切需要人口运动和政策方面专业学术性的考量。

Foreign original one:

Originate from：International Migration Review, Autumn, 1990 Migrant workers in Zhejiang Province, China: The Impact of

Government Policies

Xiushi Yang

China's attempts simultaneously to achieve rural development and to strictly control permanent migration, especially to big cities, provide a striking contrast to other developing countries. Such movement allows and stimulates growing numbers of peasants to seek the benefits of urban employment through migration. With permanent change in residence, especially to big and medium cities, still largely impossible, temporary movement provides a viable alternative for many.

It may well be, too, that the Chinese government may also be allowing such increased mobility as an experiment to assess its value for coping with the surplus rural labor, with the labor force and service needs of cities, and with rural needs for greater resources for development. From a government point of view, the attractiveness of temporary mobility is enhanced by the ability to

relax or tighten control over such movement as conditions in urban and rural places change. Temporary migration may be favored because it helps to avoid the social dislocation and theadded strain on cities that large-scale permanent migration may create(Standing, 1985).

Given the considerable differentials in quality oflife between urban and rural places and among different types of urban residence, analysis of the data for Zhejiang suggests strongly that the volume of permanent migration is undoubtedly less than it would have been if there were no intervention of government policies and regulations.

Within the political and economic system in China, these temporary residents will not burden the cities' educational facilities, employment and subsidized or rationed food supplies because they do not change their household registration and hence are not entitled to government assistance in these areas, as official city residents are. In reality, however, many of them are living, working and studying in the urban destinations for prolonged periods. Therefore, a substantial proportion are de facto city residents.

While temporary residents provide cities with services that are needed by both the urban economy and the urban residents, they also utilize nearly all aspects of the urban infrastructure-housing, transportation, power, sani-tation and general supplies of daily food and consumer goods and amenities. Therefore, in considering the impact of migration on the overall social economic development in urban places, these de facto residents must be taken into account. Failure to do so could lead to serious problems in planning for urban services and the quality of urban life.

The greater flexibility that China has allowed in its rural and urban economic systems creates pressures for more flexibility in its migration policies, (Chapman and Prothero 1983), teaches us that many people in these countries are, in fact, neither exclusively rural nor exclusively urban; The interests of these individual movers as well as of the rural and urban communities of which they are a part and to which they make important contributions can best be served by policies that take account of the needs of the resident populations in both locations as well as those who move between them. To be successful, such policies require that we recognize and give attention to all forms of population movement, including temporary movement, in our theoretical formulations, in our research and in our efforts to develop effective policies.

Temporary movement may well provide an important mechanism for coping with problems of