英语专四语法考点总结
英语专四语法考点总结
一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为： would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时；It is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／advisable／ natural／ essential＋that＋（should）动词原形；proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even if／so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；just／hardly...when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as...as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。
完整版专四英语语法考点
语法考点之一：虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done；1. I ___the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there. 1996A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying2. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ___ quite such a crowd of people there.2000A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
3. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now. 2008A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get4. ______you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized5.___, he would not have recovered so quickly. 1995A. Hadn't he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of6. ___for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. 2002A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not2、与现在事实相反：从句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.2009A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.2005A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. Were3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
2023年专四语法总结
专四必备语法一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握旳要点：1.体现未来时旳形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般目前时替代未来时，但要注意区别从句旳类型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来。
(宾语从句)比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打时我告诉他。
(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后旳that从句中，谓语动词用一般目前时替代未来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完毕时是时态测试旳重点，注意与完毕时连用旳句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表达过去发生状况旳从句，主句用过去完毕时。
如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表达1923年时已发生旳状况) (2)by +未来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般目前时旳从句，主句用未来完毕时。
如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或详细数字)years/days/months，主句用目前完毕时,如：The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.但在it is +详细时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多旳时候不用完毕时。
专四词汇与语法
专四词汇与语法一、词汇部分。
1. abandon [əˈbændən]（动词）- 词义：放弃；抛弃；放纵。
- 例句：Don't abandon yourself to despair.（不要自暴自弃。
）2. ability [əˈbɪləti]（名词）- 词义：能力；才能。
- 例句：He has the ability to solve this difficult problem.（他有能力解决这个难题。
）3. abnormal [æbˈnɔːml]（形容词）- 词义：反常的；不正常的。
- 例句：This abnormal weather has caused a lot of problems.（这种反常的天气造成了许多问题。
）二、语法部分。
1. 时态 - 一般现在时。
- 结构：主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数形式为动词 + s/es）- 用法：- 表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
例如：He often goes to school by bike.（他经常骑自行车上学。
）- 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
例如：The earth moves around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。
）2. 名词的数 - 可数名词复数形式。
- 规则变化：- 一般情况加 -s，如book - books。
- 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的加 -es，如box - boxes。
- 以辅音字母 + y结尾的，变y为i加 -es，如city - cities。
- 不规则变化：- 如man - men，woman - women，child - children等。
3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。
- 规则变化：- 单音节词和部分双音节词：- 一般情况加 -er（比较级）和 -est（最高级），如tall - taller - tallest。
- 以e结尾的加 -r和 -st，如nice - nicer - nicest。
专四常考语法点
专四常考语法点
英语专业四级考试常考的语法点包括：
1.虚拟语气：虚拟语气是英语语法中的一个重要部分，包括条件句、
虚拟语气的使用等。
2.时态和语态：英语中的时态和语态是非常重要的，包括现在时态、
过去时态、将来时态等。
3.非谓语动词：非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，是英语语
法中的一个难点。
4.从句：从句包括定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句等，是英语语
法中的一个重要部分。
5.倒装句：倒装句是英语语法中的一种特殊句型，包括完全倒装和
部分倒装等。
6.主谓一致：主谓一致是指句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上
保持一致。
7.比较级和最高级：比较级和最高级是英语语法中的一个重要部分，
包括形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。
这些语法点是英语专业四级考试中经常出现的，考生需要熟练掌握这些语法知识，才能在考试中取得好成绩。
专四语法常见考点
专四语法常见考点1。
限定词限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类，主要包括冠词（a, an, the）、物主限定词（如my, her)、指示限定词(如this, those，such）、不定限定词（如all，both, no）、疑问限定词（如what, which，whose）、关系限定词（如whose)、名词属格（如Tom's, China’s）以及数词（如one，second）等。
2。
情态助动词❖主要情态助动词的用法（can/could，ma 1y/might, will/would，shall，should, must，need，dare)❖情态动词+have+过去分词3. 非谓语动词非谓语动词也叫非限定动词，指的是由动词变化而成,仍具有动词的性质与原义，但不能作动词使用的词。
非谓语动词和动词一样可以带有宾语、副词、补语等，主要有以下三大类：分词、不定式和动名词.非谓语动词可以充当多种成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等.4. 名词性从句名词性从句是指在句子中起名词作用的句子,功能相当于名词词组。
根据其在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.5. 定语从句❖定语从句就是修饰名词或代词的从句，通常在被修饰词的后面，本质上相当于形容词的作用.被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
❖定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可或缺的部分,去掉后主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
6。
状语从句如果一个从句用作状语,功能相当于副词并修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，那么该从句就是状语从句。
根据其作用,状语从句可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果等状语从句。
7。
时态与语态❖时态.英语主要的时态有12种,分别是：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时；一般过去时，过去进行时,过去完成时,过去完成进行时；一般将来时，将来进行时，将来完成时，将来完成进行时。
专四常考语法点汇总
语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一：从属分句复合句= 主句+从句（1个或1个以上)要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句(即定语从句）和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等;名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上;关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句.一状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one。
(2008, 53）A。
when B. that C. which D。
what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend，he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. （2008，55）A. Much though B。
Much as C。
As much D。
Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak。
（2008，54）A。
for which B。
for that C。
in that D. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____。
(2008, 60）A。
it could be B。
could be C。
it was D。
was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. （2009，60) A。
专四短语知识点总结
专四短语知识点总结一、介词短语1.介词短语在句子中可以作状语、定语、补语等成分，常见的介词短语有：in the end（最后）、at first（起初）、on purpose（故意地）、by accident（偶然地）等。
2.介词短语的用法要符合习惯表达方式，例如：in the end是指“最后”，而at the end则表示“在……末尾”。
3.在专四考试中，要注意介词短语的搭配和惯用表达，尤其要注意一些词义辨析较为细微的短语，例如：search for（寻找）、look for（寻找）。
二、动词短语1.动词短语是由动词或动词和副词、介词等构成的具有特定意义的短语。
常见的动词短语有：take off（起飞、脱下）、bring up（抚养、提出）等。
2.动词短语的选用要符合语境和逻辑，例如：take off可以表示飞机起飞，也可以表示脱掉衣物。
3.在专四考试中，要注意动词短语的词义辨析和搭配，尤其要注意一些动词短语的多重意义及其用法举例。
三、名词短语1.名词短语是由名词或名词及修饰限定词、形容词等构成的具有特定意义的短语。
常见的名词短语有：a cup of tea（一杯茶）、the rest of the story（故事的剩下部分）等。
2.名词短语可以作句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分，要根据语境和逻辑合理选择名词短语。
在专四考试中，要注意名词短语的搭配和用法，尤其要注意一些名词短语的表达方式及其用法举例。
四、形容词短语1.形容词短语是由形容词或形容词及修饰限定词等构成的具有特定意义的短语。
常见的形容词短语有：more and more（越来越多）、as usual（照常）等。
2.形容词短语可以修饰名词、补足动词等，要根据句子的需要灵活运用。
在专四考试中，要注意形容词短语的搭配和用法，尤其要注意一些形容词短语的修饰方式及其用法举例。
五、副词短语1.副词短语是由副词或副词及介词等构成的具有特定意义的短语。
专四语法详细归纳
2. 以－s结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致 • 疾病名词： 单数：arthritis关节炎,bronchitis支气管炎，rickets软骨病，mumps 腮腺炎，diabetes糖尿病 可作单数也可作复数： rickets软骨病，measles麻疹 • 游戏名称一般做单数，表示游戏所用镖等意义时用复数 Darts投镖，marbles打弹子游戏 Cards用复数：Cards are not allowed here. • 地理名称 国名用单数 群山、海峡、瀑布用复数 The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life. • Scissors, glasses, shorts, trousers一类词单独使用用复数，加上单 位词，如a pair of 由单位词单、复数决定 • －ings结尾的名词一般用复数 The clippings of the hedges are usually hurt. • 特例(见语法P33) The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms. All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.
4.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 Egg and milk is a good breakfast. (这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指 一顿早饭，不可分割)
Fish and chips(炸鱼土豆片 ) is a popular supper here. • 当and连接的并列名词词组带有each, every或者many a 等限定词时，随后动词常用单数 Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need. Every boy and girl in the class is given a copy of the photo. • 主语后跟有由as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等引导的结构或词组，取决于主 语本身形式。
专四常考语法点汇总---精品管理资料
语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一：从属分句复合句= 主句+从句(1个或1个以上）要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准,从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句)和名词性从句.其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点 2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
一状语从句状语从句真题剖析:1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one。
（2008，53)A。
when B。
that C。
which D. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment。
（2008，55)A. Much thoughB. Much as C。
As much D. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak。
（2008，54）A。
for which B。
for that C. in that D。
in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____。
（2008，60）A。
it could be B. could be C。
it was D。
was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left。
专四语法汇总
专四常考语法点汇总：一．虚拟语气1．虚拟条件句1) 倒装结构：条件句有were, had, should时，可使用倒装结构。
e.g. Were it necessary, I would resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would have come over.Should you meet her, you should not be able to recognize her.2) 错综时间条件句e.g. If I my umbrella with me this morning, I wet now. DA. had taken … would not have beenB. took… should not beC. were to take … would not beD. had taken … should not be3) 无条件的虚拟句：but for, with, without, or, but, otherwise, in case of, what if, etc.2．I wish…/If only句式：与现在事实相反，用were或动词的一般过去式；与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/could/should/might+动词原形。
3．as if引导的从句（注意区别事实与假设）Some black clouds are floating in the sky. It looks as if . BA.it might rain B it is going to rain C it would be rainy D it was to rain4．在suggest, order, demand, propose, desire等表示建议、命令、态度等词（包括动词和名词）引导的名词从句中用should+动词原形，should可省。
(英语专业四级语法(考点)全版.ppt
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真题举例：
1.It is absolutely essential that William continue his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65)
John is less bright than Bob.
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用法： 1.主语不同，比较项目相同。
This parcel is as heavy as that one. 2. 主语相同，比较项目不同。 The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.
The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.
当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机
此用法也可用于less…than…结构，但得出相反的 含义。
The present crisis is much less a political than
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3.no more …than (=not…any more than) 两者一样都不
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.
鲸不是鱼，如同马不是鱼一样。
Fat cannot change into muscle any more than muscle changes into fat.(99.44)
should do / were to do
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专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一：虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done；2、省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句和it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。
考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。
考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。
例如:考点5：much as"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。
考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句，与过去事实相反：had + done；与现在事实相反：动词过去式；与将来事实相反：could/would + do考点7：would rather/sooner从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。
英语专业四级语法汇总
语法回顾篇专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词）、as 的特殊用法。
专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点）考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were)，主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do；考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+ have done；例如：43.I _________the party much more if there hadn‟t been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren‟tB. hasn‟t beenC. hadn‟t beenD. wouldn‟t考点3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用：did(should+do或were + to do)，主句谓语动词用：would(should,could,might)+do。
例如：43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年）• A. shall need C. would need• B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如：If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。
专四常考语法点汇总.doc
语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一：从属分句复合句 = 主句 +从句（ 1 个或 1 个以上）要点1 从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点 2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
一状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had tostay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008,60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009 ，60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask meto work overtime withoutpay.（2010，55）A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ thathe paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if 9Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of causeA. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was onanswer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结：（一）条件状语从句：表示条件或假设，通常由以下连词或结构引导：If 如果unless 如果不；除非as long as 只要so long as 只要on condition that条件是in the event that 如果，在的情况下provided/providing that 假如given that 如果suppose/supposing that 假如assuming (that ) 假如say 假如★特别提醒几种不常用的条件状语从句举例：In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first.Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it（二）让步状语从句：含有“虽然，尽管，即使”之意，主要引导词有：though/although 虽然even if/even though 即使no matter + 疑问词无论疑问词 +ever 无论in spite of the fact that 尽管while 尽管much as 不管尽管for all that 尽管as/though granted/granting (that ) 虽然，尽管★特别提醒1.几种不常用的让步状语从句举例：In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music. While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties,he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. 用了 although 或 though ，就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but ，但是though 可以和 yet 连用。
英语专业四级语法汇总
语法回顾篇专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词）、as 的特殊用法。
专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点）考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were)，主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do；考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+ have done；例如：43.I _________the party much more if there hadn‟t been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren‟tB. hasn‟t beenC. hadn‟t beenD. wouldn‟t考点3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用：did(should+do或were + to do)，主句谓语动词用：would(should,could,might)+do。
例如：43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年）• A. shall need C. would need• B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如：If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。
专四备考资料词汇语法总结
专四备考资料词汇语法总结一、词汇部分。
1. abandon [əˈbændən]（动词）- 释义：放弃；抛弃；放纵。
- 例句：Don't abandon your dreams easily.（不要轻易放弃你的梦想。
）2. ability [əˈbɪləti]（名词）- 释义：能力；才能。
- 例句：He has the ability to solve difficult problems.（他有解决难题的能力。
）3. abnormal [æbˈnɔːml]（形容词）- 释义：反常的；不正常的。
- 例句：The weather is abnormal this year.（今年的天气很反常。
）4. aboard [əˈbɔːd]（副词/介词）- 释义：在（船、飞机、车）上；上船；登机。
- 例句：All passengers aboard the plane are required to fasten their seat belts.（飞机上的所有乘客都被要求系好安全带。
）5. abolish [əˈbɒlɪʃ]（动词）- 释义：废除；废止（法律、制度、习俗等）- 例句：They decided to abolish the old rules.（他们决定废除旧规则。
）二、语法部分。
1. 时态。
- 一般现在时。
- 结构：主语+动词原形（第三人称单数加 -s或 -es）- 用法：表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或客观事实。
- 例句：He often goes to school by bike.（他经常骑自行车去上学。
）- 一般过去时。
- 结构：主语+动词的过去式。
- 用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
- 例句：I saw him yesterday.（我昨天见到他了。
）- 现在进行时。
- 结构：主语+am/is/are+动词的 -ing形式。
- 用法：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。
专四语法重点总结
专四语法重点总结一、代词、名词、数次1. 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称2. everyone后面不可以跟of短语every one 就可以3. 以‘名词/动名词+介词（短语）/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词，它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如：homework4. 物质名词一般不可数，但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如：different teas5. 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加a/an6. 名词所有格要点：必须用’s的场合1 )’s属格用于表示时间，度量衡，价值的名词之后2 ) 作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s3) 人或物为两人共有，在第二个名词后加’s4 )当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店，住家，教堂，医院等，此名词常省略5) 复合名词在最后一个词后加’s6) 当被修饰的名词后有同位语时，必须用’s7) 当用来表示类别或属性时，要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋必须用of的场合1) 名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时2) 以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时7. 如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时，都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时，须用复数，而且后面加of8.表示顺序的两种方式：1)‘名词+基数词’，不用冠词，如Chapter four2) ’the+序数词+名词‘如the Fourth Chapter9. 倍数增减的表示法1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as3) 倍数+名词4) 动词+百分比或倍数5) 动词+to+数词6) double/triple/quadruple+名词7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数10. 分数分子为基数词，分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数11. 百分比后接名词时加of二、形容词、副词1 前置修饰语的排列顺序可以置于冠词前的形容词（all both such) -----冠词，指示形容词，所有格形容词，不定形容词（a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词（one ) 序数词（first)------------ 表示性质，状态，质量的形容词（good useful)--------------表示大小，长短，形状的形容词----------------表示年龄，新旧，温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍，产地，区域的形容词-----------表示材料，用做形容词的名词----------动名词，分词2．后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词3．形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时，必须后置4．enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后，但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时，必须后置5．有些形容词本身就有‘比……年长’，‘比……优等的意思这些形容词后面用介词to 而不用than6．much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词，不修饰名词7．more 不能用来修饰比较级8．与名词连用的more of a .. ./ as much of a... / more of a.... 意为更像……9．as much of a……意为称得上，less of a 意为算不上10．none other than(不是别人，正是）=no other than11．any/sone/every与other连用时，其后若用可数名词，一般为单数三、情态动词、虚拟语气1．can 用于否定句cannot(help)but表示不能不，只能（but后跟不带to的动词不定式）2．must 表示禁止，一定不要时的否定式为mustn’t 当它表示有把握的推断时意为一定准是时它的否定形式为can’t3．need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味4．need not have done sth 表示本来没有必要做某事（经常考）虚拟语气1．It is (high/about/the)time... 谓语动词用过去式指现在或将来的情况表示早该做某事而现在已经有点晚了2．It is the first(second/third)time后的that从句中，谓语动词要用完成体来表示一种经验3．as if/though 的虚拟要点1) 对当时事实的假设，从句谓语用过去式，be动词一律用were2)对过去事实的假设，从句谓语用过去完成式3)对未来事实的假设，从句谓语用would+动词原型五、比较级比较等级的含义:英语中形容词与副词有三个比较等级，即原级，比较级和最高级。
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一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为：would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时；It is vital／necessary／important／urgent／imperative／desirable／advisable／natural／essential＋that＋（should）动词原形；proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even if／so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；just／hardly...when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as...as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access ＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。
4、单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。
5、介词短语在句中作状语如：in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等，另外还应注意rather than，other than，such as，none／nothing＋but等词在考题中的出现。
三、专四重要词组1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。
2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主动地9. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同….不一致10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据12. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责3) (=by oneself)依靠自己on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性.13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释(理由)15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially ) 熟悉21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地.30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前.37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中.38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到.42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责.44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请; apply for申请; apply to 适用.49. apply to 与…有关;适用50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起.52. arrange for sb.sth. to do sth. 安排…做…53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方);54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信.56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系,结57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…58. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料59. attitude to toward …对…的态度.看法60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果61. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.63. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面64. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起.65. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at one ’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台66. turn one’s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃67. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话)68. be based on upon 基于69. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢71. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)72. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义73. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth.sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰.74. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处.75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处)76. for the better 好转77. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过.78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人. blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上80. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作)81. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘83. out of breath 喘不过气来84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的86. take the floor 起立发言87. on business 出差办事.88. be busy with sth.于某事。