国际经济学第五版第四章课后

第四章

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1.Given the following table, which country is relatively more labor abundant? Show how you

know. Which is relatively capital abundant?根据下表，那个国家是劳动相对丰富？为什么？那个是资本相对丰富？

United States Canada

Capital 40 machines 10 machines

Labor 200 workers 60 workers

2. Suppose that the United States and Canada have the factor endowments given in the

table in Question 1. Suppose further that the production requirements for a unit of steel is two machines and eight workers, and the requirement for a unit of bread is one

machine and eight workers.假设美国和加拿大在表中问题1给出的要素禀赋进一步假设生产要求对钢铁的单位是两台机器和八名工人，和面包一个单位的要求是一台机器，八工人。

a. Which good, bread or steel, is relatively intensive in the use of capital? In labor?

Show how you know.

b. Which country would export bread? Why?

Answers:

a. The capital–labor ratio to make steel is 1/4; to make bread it is 1/8. Hence steel is

more capital intensive and bread is more labor intensive.资本- 劳动比率，使钢的

四分之一;做面包是八分之一。因此，钢铁是资本密集和面包是劳动密集型的。

b. Since the United States is capital abundant and steel is capital intensive, according to

the Heckscher-Ohlin trade model, the United States will export steel and Canada

will export bread.由于美国是资本雄厚，钢铁是资本密集型的，根据赫克歇尔-

俄林贸易模式，美国将出口钢材和加拿大将出口面包。

3. Suppose that before trade takes place, the United States is at a point on its PPC where it

produces

20 bread and 20 steel. Once trade becomes possible, the price of a unit of steel is two units of

bread. In response, the United States moves along its PPC to a new point where it is

producing 30 steel and 10 bread. Is the country better off? How do you know? 假定在开放对外贸易前，美国在生产可能性曲线上表示20个单位面包和20个单位钢铁的点上进行生产。一旦贸易进行，每单位的钢铁可以换2单位的面包。所以，美国将其生产点移至生产30单位钢铁和10单位面包的地方。请问，美国的总生产情况有没有变得更好？为什么？

Answer:The United States is definitely better off because it can consume a greater quantity of both goods. If it traded five steel for 10 bread it would have 20

bread and 25 steel. This is the same amount of bread as before trade, and five

more units of steel. It can keep the extra five steel, or trade some or all of

them for additional bread. In either case, the consumption bundle is greater

than it was before trade.美国无疑是更好，因为它可以消耗两种商品的数

量更大。如果成交5钢10面包那就得20面包和25钢。这是面包如贸易前

相同的量，及钢的五个单位。它可以让多余的5钢或交易部分或全部的额

外面包。在两种情况下，消费束大于它交易之前。

4. Given the information in Questions 1 and 2, explain what happens to the returns to

capital and labor in each country after trade begins. 根据问题1和问题2的信息，解释当贸易开始后资本和劳动力的投入回报率是怎样变化的。