广东省高考英语 阅读理解指导Ⅲ(精讲精析)(1)

阅读理解中推理判断及语义猜测题的解题技巧

一、推理判断题

推理判断是一种创造性的思维活动，要求学生对文章信息由表及里、由浅入深、从具体到抽象、从特殊到一般。通过分析、综合、判断等方法，对某些相关信息进行推断。解答此类试题时，要注意以下几点：

1. 体会文章的言外之意，挖掘文章隐含的意义；

2. 要做到有根有据，从已知获得未知，而不是凭空臆断；

3. 要学会运用已有的经验或常识进行推理判断。

如：例1：

[2013年广东高考阅读理解A篇]

Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein, in his book If I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.

Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes. Dr. Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led.

The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terrib ly afraid. “Maybe I could go as Superman,” he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buying the expensive costume (戏装), but finally she agreed.

The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way. And Tom, with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation. The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only. We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible, to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never belie ved we could. Just as Dr. Epstein puts it, “If you can dream it, you can do it.”

It doesn’t mean that you should dress as a superhero for your next job interview. But, next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.

27. What can be inferred about Tom’s mother?

A. She was a rich lady.

B. She refused Tom’s request.

C. She wanted Tom to be a superhero.

D. She wanted to get Tom through the pain.

解析：D。根据文章前两段的陈述可知，Tom因为身患癌症，要多次做手术，经历了许多的痛苦。根据第三段可知，Tom的母亲平时是不会购买昂贵的戏装的（她并不富裕），但这次却同意了儿子的要求。从常理来推测可知，作为母亲，这样的转变最可能的原因就是为了帮助儿子熬过痛苦。

30. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To tell us an interesting story.

B. To help us make right decisions.

C. To advise us to care about children.

D. To encourage us to use our imagination.

解析：D。本题要求推测作者的写作目的。通读全文，我们可知本文的主旨是想象可以帮助我们克服胆怯。作者还在本文的末尾号召读者展开想像的翅膀，去迎接所面临的挑战。因此，我们可以推测，作者写作本文的目的是鼓励大家运用自己的想象力。

例2：

[2013年广东高考阅读理解B篇]

When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born w ith some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway.

…

34. What can we infer from Paragraph 4?

A. Successful people like to show their great skills.

B. People sometimes succeed without luck or talent.

C. People need to achieve success at the cost of life.

D. It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success.

解析：B。综合本段内容可知，本段主要讲述的是，一些人成功了，他们为此付出了许多。如果认为他们的成功是因为他们的运气或他们的天分，那就错了。由此，我们可以推测，作者在本段所要表达的意思实际上是要说“人们有时候成功并非是因为运气或天分”。

二、语义猜测题

语义猜测题就是要求考生对划线部分的单词、短语、指示代词、句子等，根据上下文语境和逻辑推测其大致含义。在阅读过程中，可以利用上下文的语境对划线部分含义作合理的猜测。阅读文章尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，常在其后有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子；为了说明或证实前面已述事实，文章中经常会举一些例子，这些例子可帮助考生猜测生词含义；有时可以结合上下文的因果、递进、对比、转折等关系来猜测语义。

如：例1：

[2013年广东高考阅读理解B篇]

However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.

…

32. In Paragraph 2, the underlined word that refers to .

A. being good at something

B. setting a practical goal

C. putting in more time

D. succeeding in life

解析：B。代词that通常代指上文出现的人或物。该段中划线单词前面提到的一件事情就是“树立一个合理可行的目标”。