疲劳讲座4-疲劳特性表征

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基于应力的方法(S-N曲线) Stress-Life Method
1. 应力大多小于弹性极限 ( Normally, Stress less than elastic limit) 2. 循环数一般大于105,是高循环疲劳(高周疲劳) (Life Cycles larger than 100000, it’s it s a problem of HCF) 疲劳特性表征 北京航空航天大学航空推进系
S C N 1
b
Log 应 应力幅
b1 1
b2
1
疲劳极限
Log 总寿命
疲劳特性表征
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Stress-Life Fatigue
Major Assumption Most of the life is consumed nucleating cracks Nominal Stresses and material strength control fatigue life Accurate determination of Kf for each geometry and material Advantages: Changes C in material and geometry can easily be evaluated Large empirical database for steel with standard notch shapes Limitation: Li it ti Does not account for notch root plasticity Mean stress effects are often in error Requires empirical Kf for good results
疲劳特性表征 北京航空航天大学航空推进系
基于应力的方法(S-N曲线) Stress-Life Method
Fracture of an aluminum crank arm arm. Dark area: slow crack growth. Bright area: sudden fracture. Historically, most attention has focused on situations that require more than 105 cycles to failure where stress is low and deformation primarily elastic, The S-N curve In high-cycle fatigue situations, materials performance is commonly characterized by an S-N curve, also known as a Wöhler curve. This is a graph of the magnitude of a cyclical stress (S) against the logarithmic scale of cycles to failure (N) (N). 疲劳特性表征 北京航空航天大学航空推进系
b:疲劳强度指数 (Fatigue Strength Exponent)
S 'f :疲劳强度系数 (Fatigue Strength Coefficient)
疲劳特性表征
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Fatigue Limit Strength Correlation
From engineering point of view: a) Tensile strength b) Hardness 疲劳特性表征 Easy way to obtain the fatigue limit
疲劳特性表征
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三种基本的疲劳寿命表征方法 (疲劳寿命预测方法)
基于应力的方法(应力-寿命法)
- 名义应力或弹性应力和总寿命之间的关系 - S-N曲线,疲劳极限
基于应变得方法(应变-寿命法)
- 局部应变和裂纹起始寿命之间的关系 - Manson-Coffin公式, -N 曲线
Stress-Life Strain-Life Crack Growth
Physics
Crack Nucleation Microcrack Growth Macrocrack Growth
Size
0.01mm 0.1-1mm >1mm
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总寿命 = 裂纹起始寿命 + 裂纹扩展寿命
Linear Elastic Fracture(LEFM)
疲劳特性表征
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Stress Life Method Stress-Life
(High Cycle Fatigue)
疲劳特性表征
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Wohler’s Fatigue Test
In 1871,Wohler first did fatigue research of Axis of Train systematically, developing rotating bending test, and giving S N curve and S-N df fatigue ti li limit it
Nominal Stress Obtaining S-N Curve from specimen test Modifying M dif i S-N S N curve considering id i the th diff difference between specimen and real structure Considering the difference between Lab. Loads and service Loads and their environment. Using Rain-Flow Technique to count stress signal, combining Miner linear cumulative damage rule
Fatigue Analysis
Need to model various fatigue behaviors
疲劳特性表征
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Because of Similitude: It works
疲劳特性表征
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ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Fatigue Modeling Framework
N f = Ni + Np
应力寿命法 S-N
应变寿命法 (-N)
断裂力学法(LEFM)
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Total Life = Crack Initiation Life + Crack Growth Life
N f = Ni + Np
Stress-Life (S-N)
Strain-Life (-N)
LEFM(Crack Growth Prediction Method)
- Stress Intensity Factor A(SIF) vs. Crack Growth Rate - Paris Equation,Threshold of SIF
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Method
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S-N 曲线法思路
S-N 曲线法 (名义应力法) 是以交变应力为主要参量预测零部件疲劳失效循环数的一种经验方法。
名义应力

从试样中测出材料的 S S-N N 曲线 考虑实际零件和试样的差别,修正 S-N 曲线 考虑试验加载和实际加载的区别 应用雨流技术对应力信号进行循环周计数 结合 Miner 损伤累积法则计算疲劳寿命
- Correlating Normal Stress (Elastic Stress) with Total g Life Fatigue - S-N Curve,Fatigue Limit
Strain-Fatigue Life (strain based)
- Correlating local strain (generally are plastic strain) with Crack-Initiation Fatigue Life - Manson-Coffin equation, -N N Curve
基于断裂力学的方法(裂纹扩展寿命法)
- 应力强度因子和裂纹扩展速率之间的关系 - Paris 公式,门槛应力强度因子
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Three Basic Methods Characterizing Fatigue Behaviors
Stress-Fatigue Life Method (stress-based)
Log g 应力幅
b1 1
S C N 1
b
b2
1
疲劳极限
L 总寿命 Log
疲劳特性表征
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Using S-N Curve to Predict Fatigue Life
S-N Curve Method: A empirical method using alternating stress as d damage parameter to predict di f fatigue i f failure il cycles l
主要基于经验的方法 (唯象的方法)
-
基于连续损伤力学的方法(CDM)
-
当代的一些研究前沿
-
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Fatigue Modeling Framework
Phenomenally y Based Method (Experience-Based) p CDM ( Continuum Damage g Mechanics) ) Based Method Physically y y Based Method ( (Mechanism Based) )
金属疲劳理论与分析系列讲座
金属疲劳特性表征 Ch Characterizing t i i Fatigue F ti Behaviors
(疲劳理论-Fatigue Theory)
疲劳建模的方法-Fatigue Modeling 疲劳寿命的物理数学模型
疲劳特性表征 第四讲
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Why Characterizing?
Nominal Stress – Fatigue Life
The Same Nominal Stress The Same Fatigue Life nom
HCF Problem
nom
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Stress-Based Fatigue Life Modeling
S-N curves are derived from tests on samples of the material to be characterized (often called coupons) where a regular sinusoidal stress is applied by a testing machine which also counts the number of cycles to failure. This process is sometimes known as coupon testing. g Each coupon test generates a point on the plot though in some cases there is a runout where the time to failure exceeds that available for the test (see censoring). Analysis y of fatigue g data requires q techniques q from statistics, especially survival analysis and linear regression.
疲劳特性表征 北京航空航天大学航空推进系
基于应力的方法(S-N曲线) Stress-Life Method
Stress Am mplitude 应 应力幅
光滑试样
Unnotched Shaft
缺口试样
Notched Shaft
Log (Fatigue life 疲劳寿命) 问题(question):
1 定义多大的裂纹为裂纹萌生的尺寸 (How to Define the 1. size at which Crack initiate) 2. 试验中如何知道裂纹萌生的时刻(特别是在高温下) (How to monitor crack-initiating during experiments) 疲劳特性表征 北京航空航天大学航空推进系
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