电子电路基础知识

电子电路基础知识

电源source

电压源voltage source

电流源current source

理想电压源ideal voltage source

理想电流源ideal current source

伏安特性volt- ampere characteristic 电动势electromotive force

电压voltage

电流current

电位potential

电位差potential difference

欧姆Ohm

伏特Volt

安培Ampere

瓦特Watt

焦耳Joule

电路circuit

电路元件circuit element

电阻resistance

电阻器resistor

电感inductance

电感器inductor

电容capacitance

电容器capacitor 电路模型circuit model

参考方向reference direction

参考电位reference potential

欧姆定律Ohm’s law

基尔霍夫定律Kirchhof f’s law

基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s voltage

law（KVL）

基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff’s current

law（KCL）

结点node

支路branch

回路loop

网孔mesh

支路电流法branch current analysis

网孔电流法mesh current analysis

结点电位法node voltage analysis

电源变换source transformations

叠加原理superposition theorem

网络network

无源二端网络passive two-terminal

network

有源二端网络active two-terminal

network

戴维宁定理Thevenin’s theorem

诺顿定理Norton’s theorem

开路（断路）open circuit

短路short circuit

开路电压open- circuit voltage

短路电流short-circuit current

直流电路direct current circuit (dc)

交流电路alternating current circuit (ac)

正弦交流电路sinusoidal a-c circuit

平均值average value

有效值effective value

均方根值root- mean-squire value (rms)

瞬时值instantaneous value

电抗reactance

感抗inductive reactance

容抗capacitive reactance

法拉Farad

亨利Henry

阻抗impedance

复数阻抗complex impedance

相位phase

初相位initial phase

相位差phase difference

相位领先phase lead

相位落后phase lag

倒相，反相phase inversion

频率frequency

角频率angular frequency

赫兹Hertz

相量phasor

相量图phasor diagram

有功功率active power

无功功率reactive power

视在功率apparent power

功率因数power factor

功率因数补偿power-factor

compensation

串联谐振series resonance

并联谐振parallel resonance

谐振频率resonance frequency

频率特性frequency characteristic

幅频特性amplitude- frequency

response characteristic

相频特性phase- frequency response

characteristic

截止频率cutoff frequency

品质因数quality factor

通频带pass-band

带宽bandwidth (BW)

滤波器filter

一阶滤波器first- order filter

二阶滤波器second-order filter

低通滤波器low-pass filter

高通滤波器high- pass filter

带通滤波器band-pass filter

带阻滤波器band-stop filter

转移函数transfer function

波特图Bode diagram

傅立叶级数Fourier series

三相电路three -phase circuit

三相电源three-phase source

对称三相电源symmetrical three- phase source

对称三相负载symmetrical three-phase load

相电压phase voltage

相电流phase current

线电压line voltage

线电流line current

三相三线制three-phase three -wire system

三相四线制three-phase four-wire system

三相功率three-phase power

星形连接star connection(Y-connection) 三角形连接triangular connection(D- connection ,delta connection)

中线neutral line 电路的暂态过程分析暂态transient

state

稳态steady state

暂态过程，暂态响应transient response

换路定理low of switch

一阶电路first-order circuit

三要素法three-factor method

时间常数time constant

积分电路integrating circuit

微分电路differentiating circuit

磁场magnetic field

磁通flux

磁路magnetic circuit 磁感应强度flux

density

磁通势magnetomotive force

磁阻reluctance

电动机motor

直流电动机dc motor

交流电动机ac motor 异步电动机

asynchronous motor

同步电动机synchronous motor

三相异步电动机three- phase

asynchronous motor

单相异步电动机single-phase

asynchronous motor

旋转磁场rotating magnetic field

定子stator

转子rotor

转差率slip

起动电流starting current

起动转矩starting torque

额定电压rated voltage

额定电流rated current

额定功率rated power

机械特性mechanical characteristic

按钮button

熔断器fuse

开关switch

行程开关travel switch

继电器relay

接触器contactor

常开(动合)触点normally open contact

常闭(动断)触点normally closed contact

时间继电器time relay

热继电器thermal overload relay

中间继电器intermediate relay

可编程控制器（PLC）

可编程控制器programmable logic

controller

语句表statement list

梯形图ladder diagram

本征半导体intrinsic semiconductor

掺杂半导体doped semiconductor

P型半导体P- type semiconductor

N型半导体N--type semiconductor

自由电子free electron

空穴hole

载流子carriers

PN结PN junction

扩散diffusion

漂移drift

二极管diode

硅二极管silicon diode

锗二极管germanium diode

阳极anode

阴极cathode

发光二极管light- emitting diode (LED)

光电二极管photodiode

稳压二极管Zener diode

晶体管（三极管）transistor

PNP型晶体管PNP transistor

NPN型晶体管NPN transistor

发射极emitter

集电极collector

基极base