分词讲解

Knowing all this , they made me pay for the damage. （表让步，置于句首。） 34 最后我们向一位名医呼救，虽然我们 知道请他给一条狗治病是很不适宜的。
Finally we appealed to a famous doctor knowing it was very improper to ask him to work on a dog.(表让步，置于句末。）
11 由于没有收到答复，他又写信。 Not having received an answer, he wrote again.
12 由于没有按时完成工作，Tim被老板解 雇了。 Not having finished his work on time , Tim was fired by the boss. 13 由于正在被我使用， 这辆自行车不 能借给你。
(not ) having been done
• 现在分词和过去分词用法主要差别在于：现在 分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被 动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被 动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、 宾语或逻辑主语等。
一、分词作状语： A : 分词在句子中可以作时间、条件、原 因、结果、让步、伴随，方式等状语。它 的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，主句前不 能再有连词。
48 需要经常管理的室内植物不适合业余 时间很少的上班家庭种植。 Houseplants requiring constant attention are not suitable for working couples with little spare time.
49学走路的孩子会经常跌跤的 。 A little child learning to walk often falls. 50 你知道来参加舞会的人数吗？ Do you know the number of people coming to the party? 51 一位写小说的青年昨天来给我们讲话了。 A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday. 52.在那我碰见一个朋友，他在钓鱼。 There I met a friend, fishing.
20 在这家公司工作了10 年未升职，Mr. Smith决定离开。 Having worked in the firm for 10 years without promotion, Mr. Smith decided to leave .
21尽管被告知了多次， 他仍不明白我 的意思。 Having been told / Told many times , he still couldn’t understand what I meant.
44 This is Mr Smith speaking. 45 Oh, it’s the cake burning. 46 Let’s drop the subject for the time being. 47 They have had rich harvest for three years running.
17．鉴于下雨，George 穿上了雨衣。 Seeing that it was raining, George put on his raincoat. 18 由于是用简单的英语写的， 这本书 很易读。 Written in simple English , the book is easy to read. 19．从你的口音上判断， 你一定是南方人。 Judging from your accent , you must be from the south.
1 听到这个消息， 他们都欢呼雀跃。
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 2使用话语和手势，人们彼此能交流。 Using words and gestures , people can communicate with each other. 3 学生们说着笑着走出了教室。 The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
22他采取了快速行动， 结果使事情更糟。 He took quick action , only making things worse. （结果状语/顺理成章） 23一次车祸发生在那个十字路口， 造成 15分钟的交通阻塞。 A car accident happened at the crossroads， thus causing 15 minutes’traffic jam. （结果状语） 24 她的丈夫去世了， 给她留下了5个孩 子。 （结果状语）
32 Robert 用电话取消了与Jack的午餐约 会，因为他突然想起他另有他约。 Robert used the phone to cancel his lunch date with Jack, having suddenly remembered a previous engagement. （置于句末的现在分词的完成式常表原因） 33 他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。
28他被两个工友架着走进了诊所。 He walked into the clinic , supported by two co-workers. 29由于生病，我待在家里。 Being sick, I stayed at home. 30他出去后将门随手关上。 He went out shutting the door behind him. （表时间：发生在谓语动作之后。） 31她在外出前穿着时把镜子打破了。 She broke her looking glass, dressing to go out. （表时间：二者同时发生）
Being used by me now, the bike can’t be lent to you. 14 如果不及时治疗， 这种疾病很可能 导致死亡。
Not treated in time, the disease may cause death. 15 由于以前从未尝过这种食物，他拒 绝吃它。 Never having tasted the food before, he refused to eat it. 16从太空中看， 地球就像一个被水覆 盖的球体。 Seen from space, the earth looks like a water-covered globe.
4 在朋友的陪伴下，他走向火车站。 Accompanied by his friends, he went to the railway station. 5 若给以更好的管理， 这些庄稼会长的更好。 Given better attention, the crops can grow better. 6.他看上去很倦怠，显然， 母亲生病的消息 使他忧心忡忡。 He looked tired and depressed, obviously disturbed by the news of his mother’s illness.
39一旦被通过， 这项法律将在两个月内生效。 Once passed, the law will come into effect in two months. 40 尽管努力学习了,他的期末考试还是未通过。 Although studying very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. 41 不叫你不要讲话。 Don’t speak unless asked to. 42 如果逐字翻译，这一段很难理解。 If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
9 与我的父母比，我比他们年轻时幸福多了。 Compared with my parents, I am much happier than they were when they were young. 10．由于不知道她的地址，我们不能与她取 得联系。 Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
Her husband died, leaving her 5 children.
25好好努力， 你会取得巨大进步的。 Working hard , you will make greater progress. (条件状语）
26教授进了实验室， 后面跟着学生。 The professor entered the lab, followed by his students. （过去分词作伴随状语） 27用一根棍子支撑着自己，他继续向前挪动。 Supporting himself with a stick , he moved on.
分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词， 要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓 关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过 去分词。 7由于没有足够的人手，我们向他们求助。 Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help. 8 从错误和挫折中吸取了教训，我们变得 更有智慧，事情处理得更好。 Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better.
53 他是一个伟大的写实主义作家，描写 苦难的普通人的生活。 He was a great realist, writing about ordinary men and women in their misfortunes.(现在分 词作非限制性后置定语。） 54 被讨论了多年的问题终于被解决了。 The problem, having been discussed for years, has been solved at last. （现在分词的完成式作非限制性后置 定语。）
现在分词和过去分词用法讲解：
现在分词由动词原形＋ing构成，既 有动词的性质，又有形容词的性质。 可在句子中作状语、表语、宾补、 定语。其各种形式与动名词相同， do为例：
现在分词
主动语态(肯定 ／否定)
被动语态(肯定／ 否定)
一般式
(not ) doing
(not )being one
35 那孩子跌倒了，头碰到门上碰破了。 The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.(表结果：置于句末）
36 他从火中救出了那个小女孩，光荣牺牲了。 He died a glorious death saving a girl from the fire. （方式状语）
B:有时可以在现在分词或过去分词前加 while，when, before, after , once, although, though, until, if, unless等连词。 37离开飞机场的时候， 她向我们频频挥手。
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. 38等火车的时候，我和我的妹妹就她的工 作进行了一次长谈。 While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work.
二、分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在 被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所 修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发 出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)， 过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名 词是动宾关系)。 43 他在读一本狄更斯的书。
He was reading a book written by Charles Dickens.