曼昆微观经济学试题库完整
曼昆《微观经济学》期末复习题
曼昆《微观经济学》复习题库第1章：经济学十大原理；第2章：像经济学家一样思考；第3章：相互依存性与贸易的好处；第4章供给与需求的市场力量；第5章弹性及其应用；第6章供给、需求与政府政策；第7章消费者、生产者与市场效率；第10章外部性；第11章公共物品与公有资源；第13章生产成本；第14章竞争市场上的企业；第15章垄断；第16章寡头；第17章垄断竞争；第18 生产要素市场；第19-20收入与贫困；第21章消费者选择理论此次考试试题题型如下：一、名词解释（5个名词，每个3分，共15分）二、选择题（15题，每题2分，共30分）三、判断题（15题，每题1分，共15分）四、简答题（4题，每题5分，共20分）五、作图和计算题（2题，每题10分，共20分）作图和计算题以书后作业题为主，主要集中在供给与需求，弹性、生产成本或完全竞争企业这几章。
其它的就从下面的题库里选取。
第一篇导言一、名词解释1、经济学2、稀缺性3、机会成本4、理性人5、市场经济6、市场失灵7、外部性8、生产可能性边界 9、微观经济学 10、宏观经济学 11、实证表述 12、规范表述13、绝对优势 14、比较优势二、判断题1、当经济学家说“天下没有免费的午餐”时，他们是指所有经济决策都涉及到权衡取舍2、只有当一种行为的边际利益大于边际成本时，理性人才行动。
3、即使增加的汽车产量的成本大于所得到的价格，只要企业有利可图，汽车制造商就应该继续生产增加的汽车。
4、对一个学生来说，看一场篮球赛的机会成本应该包括门票的价格和可以用于用于学习的时间的价值。
5、当一架喷气式飞机从头上飞过时，噪音引起外部性6、李文更擅长打扫卫生，姜飞更擅长做饭。
如果姜飞专门做饭而李文专门打扫卫生，这将比他们平等地分摊家务所需要的时间少。
7、一个农民在小麦市场上更可能有市场势力。
8、美国工人有较高的生活水平是因为美国有较高的最低工资9、在短期中，降低通货膨胀往往会引起失业减少。
曼昆微观经济学习题.doc
1. Describe some of the trade-offs faced by each ofthe following:a. a family deciding whether to buy a new carb. a member of Congress deciding how muchto spend on national parksc. a company president deciding whether toopen a new factoryd. a professor deciding how much to preparefor classe. a recent college graduate deciding whetherto go to graduate school2. You are trying to decide whether to take avacation. Most of the costs of the vacation (airfare,hotel, and forgone wages) are measured indollars, but the benefits of the vacation are psychological. How can you compare the benefitsto the costs?3. You were planning to spend Saturday workingat your part-time job, but a friend asks you togo skiing. What is the true cost of going skiing?Now suppose you had been planning to spendthe day studying at the library. What is the costof going skiing in this case? Explain.4. You win $100 in a basketball pool. You havea choice between spending the money now orputting it away for a year in a bank accountthat pays 5 percent interest. What is the opportunitycost of spending the $100 now?5. The company that you manage has invested$5 million in developing a new product, but thedevelopment is not quite finished. At a recentmeeting, your salespeople report that the introductionof competing products has reducedthe expected sales of your new product to$3 million. If it would cost $1 million to finish development and make the product, shouldyou go ahead and do so? What is the most thatyou should pay to complete development?6. The Social Security system provides income forpeople over age 65. If a recipient of SocialSecurity decides to work and earn someincome, the amount he or she receives in SocialSecurity benefits is typically reduced.a. How does the provision of Social Securityaffect people’s incentive to save whileworking?b. How does the reduction in benefits associated with higher earnings affect people’sincentive to work past age 65?7. A 1996 bill reforming the federal government’s antipoverty programs limited many welfarerecipients to only two years of benefits.a. How does this change affect the incentivesfor working?b. How might this change represent a trade-off between equality and efficiency?8. Your roommate is a better cook than you are,but you can clean more quickly than yourroommate can. If your roommate did all thecooking and you did all the cleaning, wouldyour chores take you more or less time than ifyou divided each task evenly? Give a similar example of how specialization and trade canmake two countries both better off.9. Explain whether each of the following government activities is motivated by a concern aboutequality or a concern about efficiency. In thecase of efficiency, discuss the type of market failure involved.a. regulating cable TV pricesb. providing some poor people with vouchersthat can be used to buy foodc. prohibiting smoking in public placesd. breaking up Standard Oil (which onceowned 90 percent of all oil refineries) into several smaller companiese. imposing higher personal income tax rateson people with higher incomesf. instituting laws against driving while intoxicated10. Discuss each of the following statements from the standpoints of equality and efficiency.a. “Everyone in society should be guaranteedthe best healthcare possible.”b. “When workers are laid off, they should beable to collect unemployment benefits untilthey find a new job.”11. In what ways is your standard of living different from that of your parents or grandparentswhen they were your age? Why have thesechanges occurred?12. Suppose Americans decide to save more oftheir incomes. If banks lend this extra saving to businesses, which use the funds to build new factories, how might this lead to faster growthin productivity? Who do you suppose benefitsfrom the higher productivity? Is society gettinga free lunch?13. In 2010, President Barack Obama and Congress enacted a healthcare reform bill in the United States. Two goals of the bill were to providemore Americans with health insurance (via subsidies for lower-income households financedby taxes on higher-income households) andto reduce the cost of healthcare (via variousreforms in how healthcare is provided).a. How do these goals relate to equality and efficiency?b. How might healthcare reform increase productivity in the United States?c. How might healthcare reform decrease productivity in the United States?14. During the Revolutionary War, the American colonies could not raise enough tax revenueto fully fund the war effort; to make up this difference, the colonies decided to print more money. Printing money to cover expendituresis sometimes referred to as an “inflation tax.”Who do you think is being “taxed” when moremoney is printed? Why?15. Imagine that you are a policymaker trying to decide whether to reduce the rate of inflation.To make an intelligent decision, what wouldyou need to know about inflation, unemployment,and the trade-off between them?16. A policymaker is deciding how to finance the construction of a new airport. He can eitherpay for it by increasing citizens’ taxes or by printing more money. What are some of theshort-run and long-run consequences of eachoption?1. Draw a circular-flow diagram. Identify theparts of the model that correspond to the flowof goods and services and the flow of dollarsfor each of the following activities.a. Selena pays a storekeeper $1 for a quart of milk.b. Stuart earns $4.50 per hour working at a fastfood restaurant.c. Shanna spends $30 to get a haircut.d. Sally earns $10,000 from her 10 percent ownershipof Acme Industrial.2. Imagine a society that produces military goods and consumer goods, which we’ll call “guns”and “butter.”a. Draw a production possibilities frontier for guns and butter. Using the concept of opportunity cost, explain why it most likely has abowed-out shape.b. Show a point that is impossible for the economy to achieve. Show a point that is feasiblebut inefficient.c. Imagine that the society has two political parties, called the Hawks (who want astrong military) and the Doves (who want asmaller military). Show a point on your production possibilities frontier that the Hawksmight choose and a point the Doves mightchoose.d. Imagine that an aggressive neighboringcountry reduces the size of its military. As a result, both the Hawks and the Doves reducetheir desired production of guns by the same amount. Which party would get the bigger“peace dividend,” measured by the increasein butter production? Explain.3. The first principle of economics discussed in Chapter 1 is that people face trade-offs. Usea production possibilities frontier to illustrate society’s trade-off between two “goods”—aclean environment and the quantity of industrial output. What do you suppose determinesthe shape and position of the frontier? Showwhat happens to the frontier if engineersdevelop a new way of producing electricitythat emits fewer pollutants.4. An economy consists of three workers: Larry, Moe, and Curly. Each works ten hours a dayand can produce two services: mowing lawnsand washing cars. In an hour, Larry can eithermow one lawn or wash one car; Moe can eithermow one lawn or wash two cars; and Curlycan either mow two lawns or wash one car.a. Calculate how much of each service is produced under the following circumstances,which we label A, B, C, and D:• All three spend all their time mowinglawns. (A)• All three spend all their time washingcars. (B)• All three spend half their time on eachactivity. (C)• Larry spends half his time on each activity, while Moe only washes cars and Curlyonly mows lawns. (D)b. Graph the production possibilities frontierfor this economy. Using your answers topart (a), identify points A, B, C, and D onyour graph.c. Explain why the production possibilitiesfrontier has the shape it does.d. Are any of the allocations calculated in part(a) inefficient? Explain.5. Classify the following topics as relating to microeconomics or macroeconomics.a. a family’s decision about how much incometo saveb. the effect of government regulations on auto emissionsc. the impact of higher national saving on economic growthd. a firm’s decision about how many workersto hiree. the relationship between the inflation rateand changes in the quantity of money6. Classify each of the following statements as positive or normative. Explain.a. Society faces a short-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment.b. A reduction in the rate of money growth will reduce the rate of inflation.c. The Federal Reserve should reduce the rateof money growth.d. Society ought to require welfare recipients to look for jobs.e. Lower tax rates encourage more work andmore saving.7. If you were president, would you be more interested in your economic advisers’ positive views or their normative views? Why?1. Maria can read 20 pages of economics in an hour. She can also read 50 pages of sociology in an hour. She spends 5 hours per day studying.a. Draw Maria’s production possibilities frontier for reading economics and sociology.b. What is Maria’s opportunity cost of reading 100 pages of sociology?2. American and Japanese workers can each produce 4 cars a year. An American worker canproduce 10 tons of grain a year, whereas a Japanese worker can produce 5 tons of grain a year. To keep things simple, assume that each country has 100 million workers.a. For this situation, construct a table analogous to the table in Figure 1.b. Graph the production possibilities frontier of the American and Japanese economies.c. For the United States, what is the opportunity cost of a car? Of grain? For Japan, what is the opportunity cost of a car? Of grain? Put this information in a table analogous to Table 1.d. Which country has an absolute advantage in producing cars? In producing grain?e. Which country has a comparative advantagein producing cars? In producing grain?f. Without trade, half of each country’s workers produce cars and half produce grain. What quantities of cars and grain does each country produce?g. Starting from a position without trade, givean example in which trade makes each countrybetter off.3. Pat and Kris are roommates. They spend mostof their time studying (of course), but they leave some time for their favorite activities: making pizza and brewing root beer. Pat takes 4 hoursto brew a gallon of root beer and 2 hours tomake a pizza. Kris takes 6 hours to brew a gallonof root beer and 4 hours to make a pizza.a. What is each roommate’s opportunity costof making a pizza? Who has the absoluteadvantage in making pizza? Who has thecomparative advantage in making pizza?b. If Pat and Kris trade foods with each other,who will trade away pizza in exchange forroot beer?c. The price of pizza can be expressed in termsof gallons of root beer. What is the highestprice at which pizza can be traded thatwould make both roommates better off?What is the lowest price? Explain.4. Suppose that there are 10 million workers in Canada and that each of these workers can produce either 2 cars or 30 bushels of wheat in a year.a. What is the opportunity cost of producing acar in Canada? What is the opportunity costof producing a bushel of wheat in Canada?Explain the relationship between the opportunity costs of the two goods.b. Draw Canada’s production possibilities frontier. If Canada chooses to consume 10 millioncars, how much wheat can it consume withouttrade? Label this point on the production possibilities frontier.c. Now suppose that the United States offers tobuy 10 million cars from Canada in exchangefor 20 bushels of wheat per car. If Canadacontinues to consume 10 million cars, howmuch wheat does this deal allow Canada to consume? Label this point on your diagram.Should Canada accept the deal?5. England and Scotland both produce scones and sweaters. Suppose that an English worker can produce 50 scones per hour or 1 sweater perhour. Suppose that a Scottish worker can produce40 scones per hour or 2 sweaters per hour.a. Which country has the absolute advantage inthe production of each good? Which countryhas the comparative advantage?b. If England and Scotland decide to trade,which commodity will Scotland trade toEngland? Explain.c. If a Scottish worker could produce only 1sweater per hour, would Scotland still gainfrom trade? Would England still gain fromtrade? Explain.6. The following table describes the production possibilities of two cities in the country of Baseballia:Pairs of Red Socks Pairs of White Socksper Worker per Hour per Worker per HourBoston 3 3Chicago 2 1a. Without trade, what is the price of whitesocks (in terms of red socks) in Boston? Whatis the price in Chicago?b. Which city has an absolute advantage in theproduction of each color sock? Which city hasa comparative advantage in the production ofeach color sock?c. If the cities trade with each other, which colorsock will each export?d. What is the range of prices at which trade canoccur?7. Suppose that in a year an American workercan produce 100 shirts or 20 computers, whilea Chinese worker can produce 100 shirts or10 computers.a. Graph the production possibilities curve forthe two countries. Suppose that without tradethe workers in each country spend half theirtime producing each good. Identify this pointin your graph.b. If these countries were open to trade, whichcountry would export shirts? Give a specificnumerical example and show it on yourgraph. Which country would benefit fromtrade? Explain.c. Explain at what price of computers (in termsof shirts) the two countries might trade.d. Suppose that China catches up withAmerican productivity so that a Chineseworker can produce 100 shirts or 20 computers.What pattern of trade would youpredict now? How does this advancein Chinese productivity affect the economicwell-being of the citizens of the twocountries?8. An average worker in Brazil can produce anounce of soybeans in 20 minutes and an ounceof coffee in 60 minutes, while an average workerin Peru can produce an ounce of soybeans in50 minutes and an ounce of coffee in 75 minutes.a. Who has the absolute advantage in coffee?Explain.b. Who has the comparative advantage in coffee? Explain.c. If the two countries specialize and tradewith each other, who will import coffee?Explain.d. Assume that the two countries trade and thatthe country importing coffee trades 2 ouncesof soybeans for 1 ounce of coffee. Explain whyboth countries will benefit from this trade.9. Are the following statements true or false?Explain in each case.a. “Two countries can achieve gains from tradeeven if one of the countries has an absolute advantage in the production of all goods.”b. “Certain very talented people have a comparative advantage in everything they do.”c. “If a certain trade is good for one person, it can’t be good for the other one.”d. “If a certain trade is good for one person, it is always good for the other one.”e. “If trade is good for a country, it must begood for everyone in the country.”10. The United States exports corn and aircraft to the rest of the world, and it imports oil and clothing from the rest of the world. Do you think this pattern of trade is consistent with the principle of comparative advantage? Why or why not?11. Bill and Hillary produce food and clothing. Inan hour, Bill can produce 1 unit of food or 1 unitof clothing, while Hillary can produce 2 unitsof food or 3 units of clothing. They each work10 hours a day.a. Who has an absolute advantage in producingfood? Who has an absolute advantage in producing clothing? Explain.b. Who has a comparative advantage in producing food? Who has a comparative advantagein producing clothing? Explain.c. Draw the production possibilities frontierfor the household (that is, Bill and Hillary together) assuming that each spends thesame number of hours each day as the otherproducing food and clothing.d. Hillary suggests, instead, that she specializein making clothing. That is, she will do all the clothing production for the family; however, ifall her time is devoted to clothing and they still want more, then Bill can help with clothing production. What does the household production possibilities frontier look like now?e. Bill suggests that Hillary specialize in producing food. That is, Hillary will do all the food production for the family; however, if all hertime is devoted to food and they still wantmore, then Bill can help with food production.What does the household production possibilities frontier look like under Bill’s proposal?f. Comparing your answers to parts c, d, and e,which allocation of time makes the mostsense? Relate your answer to the theory of comparative advantage.1. Explain each of the following statements using supply-and-demand diagrams.a. “When a cold snap hits Florida, the price of orange juice rises in supermarkets throughoutthe country.”b. “When the weather turns warm in NewEngland every summer, the price of hotelrooms in Caribbean resorts plummets.”c. “When a war breaks out in the Middle East,the price of gasoline rises, and the price of aused Cadillac falls.”2. “An increase in the demand for notebooksraisesthe quantity of notebooks demanded butnot the quantity supplied.” Is this statement true or false? Explain.3. Consider the market for minivans. For eachof the events listed here, identify which of the determinants of demand or supply are affected. Also indicate whether demand or supplyincreases or decreases. Then draw a diagramto show the effect on the price and quantity of minivans.a. People decide to have more children.b. A strike by steelworkers raises steel prices.c. Engineers develop new automated machineryfor the production of minivans.d. The price of sports utility vehicles rises.e. A stock-market crash lowers people’s wealth.4. Consider the markets for DVDs, TV screens,and tickets at movie theaters.a. For each pair, identify whether they are complementsor substitutes:• DVDs and TV screens• DVDs and movie tickets• TV screens and movie ticketsb. Suppose a technological advance reduces the cost of manufacturing TV screens. Draw adiagram to show what happens in the marketfor TV screens.c. Draw two more diagrams to show how thechange in the market for TV screens affectsthe markets for DVDs and movie tickets.5. Over the past 30 years, technological advances have reduced the cost of computer chips. Howdo you think this has affected the marketfor computers? For computer software? For typewriters?6. Using supply-and-demand diagrams, show the effect of the following events on the market for sweatshirts.a. A hurricane in South Carolina damages the cotton crop.b. The price of leather jackets falls.c. All colleges require morning exercise inappropriate attire.d. New knitting machines are invented.7. A survey shows an increase in drug use byyoung people. In the ensuing debate, twohypotheses are proposed:• Reduced police efforts have increased the availability of drugs on the street.• Cutbacks in education efforts havedecreased awareness of the dangers of drug addiction.a Use supply-and-demand diagrams to showhow each of these hypotheses could lead toan increase in quantity of drugs consumed.b How could information on what has happenedto the price of drugs help us to distinguish between these explanations?8. Suppose that in the year 2015 the number ofbirths is temporarily high. How does this babyboom affect the price of babysitting services in 2020 and 2030? (Hint: 5-year-olds need babysitters, whereas 15-year-olds can be babysitters.)9. Ketchup is a complement (as well as a condiment) for hot dogs. If the price of hot dogs rises,what happens to the market for ketchup? For tomatoes? For tomato juice? For orange juice?10. The market for pizza has the following demand and supply schedules:Price Quantity Demanded Quantity Supplied$4 135 pizzas 26 pizzas5 104 536 81 817 68 988 53 1109 39 121a. Graph the demand and supply curves. Whatis the equilibrium price and quantity in this market?b. If the actual price in this market were abovethe equilibrium price, what would drive themarket toward the equilibrium?c. If the actual price in this market were belowthe equilibrium price, what would drive themarket toward the equilibrium?11. Consider the following events: Scientists revealthat consumption of oranges decreases the riskof diabetes, and at the same time, farmers usea new fertilizer that makes orange trees more productive. Illustrate and explain what effect these changes have on the equilibrium price and quantity of oranges.12. Because bagels and cream cheese are often eaten together, they are complements.a. We observe that both the equilibrium price of cream cheese and the equilibrium quantity ofbagels have risen. What could be responsiblefor this pattern—a fall in the price of flouror a fall in the price of milk? Illustrate and explain your answer.b. Suppose instead that the equilibriumprice of cream cheese has risen but theequilibrium quantity of bagels has fallen.What could be responsible for this pattern—a rise in the price of flour or a rise in theprice of milk? Illustrate and explain your answer.13. Suppose that the price of basketball tickets at your college is determined by market forces. Currently, the demand and supply schedulesare as follows:Price Quantity Demanded Quantity Supplied$ 4 10,000 tickets 8,000 tickets8 8,000 8,00012 6,000 8,00016 4,000 8,00020 2,000 8,000a. Draw the demand and supply curves. Whatis unusual about this supply curve? Whymight this be true?b. What are the equilibrium price and quantityof tickets?c. Your college plans to increase total enrollment next year by 5,000 students. Theadditional students will have the following demand schedule:Price Quantity Demanded$ 4 4,000 tickets8 3,00012 2,00016 1,00020 0Now add the old demand schedule and thedemand schedule for the new students tocalculate the new demand schedule for theentire college. What will be the new equilibrium price and quantity?14. Market research has revealed the following information about the market for chocolate bars:The demand schedule can be represented bythe equation Q D = 1,600 – 300P, where Q D is the quantity demanded and P is the price. The supply schedule can be represented by the equationQ S = 1,400 + 700P, where Q S is the quantity supplied. Calculate the equilibrium price and quantityin the market for chocolate bars.1. For each of the following pairs of goods, which good would you expect to have more elasticdemand and why?a. required textbooks or mystery novelsb. Beethoven recordings or classical musicrecordings in generalc. subway rides during the next six months orsubway rides during the next five yearsd. root beer or water2. Suppose that business travelers and vacationers have the following demand for airline ticketsfrom New York to Boston:Quantity Demanded Quantity DemandedPrice (business travelers) (vacationers)$150 2,100 tickets 1,000 tickets200 2,000 800250 1,900 600300 1,800 400a. As the price of tickets rises from $200 to$250, what is the price elasticity of demandfor (i) business travelers and (ii) vacationers? (Use the midpoint method in yourcalculations.)b. Why might vacationers have a differentelasticity from business travelers?3. Suppose the price elasticity of demand forheating oil is 0.2 in the short run and 0.7 in the long run.a. if the price of heating oil rises from $1.80to $2.20 per gallon, what happens to thequantity of heating oil demanded in the shortrun? In the long run? (Use the midpointmethod in your calculations.)b. Why might this elasticity depend on the time horizon?4. A price change causes the quantity demandedof a good to decrease by 30 percent, whilethe total revenue of that good increases by15 percent. Is the demand curve elastic or inelastic? Explain.5. The equilibrium price of coffee mugs rose sharply last month, but the equilibrium quantity wasthe same as ever. Three people tried to explainthe situation. Which explanations could beright? Explain your logic.Billy: Demand increased, but supply wastotally inelastic.Marian: Supply increased, but so diddemand.Valerie: Supply decreased, but demand wastotally inelastic.6. Suppose that your demand schedule for DVDsis as follows:Quantity Demanded Quantity DemandedPrice (income = $10,000) (income = $12,000)$ 8 40 DVDs 50 DVDs10 32 4512 24 3014 16 2016 8 12a. Use the midpoint method to calculate yourprice elasticity of demand as the price ofDVDs increases from $8 to $10 if (i) yourincome is $10,000 and (ii) your income is$12,000.b. Calculate your income elasticity of demandas your income increases from $10,000 to$12,000 if (i) the price is $12 and (ii) the price is $16.7. You have the following information about goodX and good Y:• Income elasticity of demand for good X: –3• Cross-price elasticity of demand for good Xwith respect to the price of good Y: 2Would an increase in income and a decrease inthe price of good Y unambiguously decreasethe demand for good X? Why or why not?8. Maria has decided always to spend one-third of her income on clothing.a. What is her income elasticity of clothing demand?b. What is her price elasticity of clothing demand?c. If Maria’s tastes change and she decidesto spend only one-fourth of her incomeon clothing, how does her demand curvechange? What is her income elasticity andprice elasticity now?9. The New York Times reported (Feb. 17, 1996) that subway ridership declined after a fare increase: “There were nearly four million fewer ridersin December 1995, the first full month after the price of a token increased 25 cents to $1.50, than in the previous December, a 4.3 percent decline.”a. Use these data to estimate the price elasticity of demand for subway rides.b. According to your estimate, what happensto the Transit Authority’s revenue when thefare rises?c. Why might your estimate of the elasticity be unreliable?10. Two drivers—Tom and Jerry—each drive up toa gas station. Before looking at the price, each places an order. Tom says, “I’d like 10 gallonsof gas.” Jerry says, “I’d like $10 worth of gas.”What is each driver’s price elasticity of demand?11. Consider public policy aimed at smoking.a. Studies indicate that the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes is about 0.4. If a packof cigarettes currently costs $2 and thegovernmentwants to reduce smoking by20 percent, by how much should it increasethe price?b. If the government permanently increasesthe price of cigarettes, will the policy have a。
微观经济学练习题答案(曼昆)
微观经济学部分练习题参考答案第一单元：经济学概述、供求与局部均衡练习题一、单选题1。
说“资源是稀缺的”是指BA世界上大多数人生活在贫困中 B。
相对于资源的需求而言,资源总是不足的C。
资源必须保留给下一代 D.世界上资源最终将由于生产更多的物品和劳务而消耗光2.经济物品是指DA。
有用的物品 B.稀缺的物品 C。
要用钱购买的物品 D。
有用且稀缺的物品3。
经济学可定义为CA。
政府对市场制度的干预 B。
企业取得利润的活动C.研究如何最合理地配置稀缺资源于诸多用途 D。
人们靠收入生活4.从经济学的观点看,资源配置问题说明的是CA.人们的需要是多方面的且是无止境的 B。
资源的供给是有限的C。
一种资源有许多可供选择的用途，但有一种利用效果最佳 D.以上说法都对5.下列命题中那一个不是实证经济学命题 CA.昨日中国人民银行宣布把存款基准利率降低0。
25％ B。
2011年失业率超过8％C。
个人所得税对中等收入家庭是不公平的 D。
个人所得税的起征点提高了6。
某人有10万元资金，可供选择的用途及各种用途能获得的收入是:开饭店获利3万元，炒股票获利3.5万元，进行期货投机获利4万元。
该人选择期货投机的机会成本为AA.13.5万元B.20。
5万元C.14万元D.13万元7.保持所有其他因素不变，某种商品的价格下降，将导致CA.需求增加 B。
需求减少 C。
需求量增加 D.需求量减少8。
在某种物品价格上升的百分比既定时,引起需求量减少最大的情况是CA.价格上升后时间长B.这种物品的支出在收入中占的比例大C。
很容易得到替代品 D。
以上全对9。
如果某种物品小幅度降价会引起需求量大幅度变动，那么，该物品BA。
需求缺乏弹性 B.需求富有弹性 C。
需求单位弹性 D.需求价格弹性接近于零10.一条垂直的需求曲线所表示的是DA。
单位弹性 B.无限弹性 C。
富有弹性 D.需求的价格弹性为零11.下面哪一种物品的需求价格弹性最大BA。
大米 B。
曼昆微观经济学计算题复习题
第一页1.完全竞争行业中某厂商的成本函数为STC=Q3-6Q2+30Q+40，成本用美元计算，假设产品价格为66美元。
（1）求利润极大时的产量及利润总额（2）由于竞争市场供求发生变化，由此决定的新的价格为30元，在新的价格下，厂商是否会发生亏损如果会，最小的亏损额为多少（3）该厂商在什么情况下才会退出该行业（停止生产）解：（1）由STC=Q3-6Q2+30Q+40，则MC=3Q2-12Q+30当完全竞争厂商实现均衡时，均衡的条件为MC=MR=P，当P=66元时，有66=3Q2-12Q+30 解得Q=6或Q=2（舍去）当Q=6时，厂商的最利润为=TR-TC=PQ-（Q3-6Q2+30Q+40）=66×6-（63-6×62+30×6+40）=176元1、已知某企业的平均可变成本为A VC＝X2－30X+310,X为产量。
当市场价格为310时，该企业的利润为0，求该企业的固定成本。
pi=TR-TC=(P-AC)Q,P=310,pi=0得AC=310AFC=AC-A VC=310-（X^2-30X+310）=-X^2+30XTFC=-X^3+30X^2因为MC=d(TVC)/dx=d(X^3-30X^2+310X)/dx=3X^2-60X+310又P=MC=AC得X=20所以TFC=-X^3+30x^2=40004、假设完全竞争市场的需求函数和供给函数分别为Qd=50000－2000P；Qs=40000＋3000P。
求：（1）市场均衡价格和均衡产量；（2）厂商的需求函数？市场均衡时Qd=Qs，即50000－2000P=40000＋3000P市场的均衡价格P=2均衡产量QD=Qs=46000。
完全竞争市场中，厂商的需求曲线是由市场的均衡价格决定，故厂商的需求函数为P=2。
4、设生产成本函数为：C（Q）＝50＋Q2，反需求函数为：P（Q）＝40－Q，求：利润最大化时厂商的产量、价格及利润。
曼昆微观经济学习题
曼昆微观经济学习题1. Describe some of the trade-offs faced by each of the following:a. a family deciding whether to buy a new carb. a member of Congress deciding how much to spend on national parksc. a company president deciding whether to open a new factoryd. a professor deciding how much to prepare for classe. a recent college graduate deciding whether to go to graduate school2. You are trying to decide whether to take a vacation. Most of the costs of the vacation (airfare, hotel, and forgone wages) are measured indollars, but the benefits of the vacation are psychological. How can you compare the benefits to the costs?3. You were planning to spend Saturday working at your part-time job, buta friend asks you to go skiing. What is the true cost of going skiing? Now suppose you had been planning to spend the day studying at the library. Whatis the cost of going skiing in this case? Explain.4. You win $100 in a basketball pool. You have a choice between spending the money now or putting it away for a year in a bank account that pays 5 percent interest. What is the opportunity cost of spending the $100 now?5. The company that you manage has invested $5 million in developing a new product, but the development is not quite finished. At a recent meeting, your salespeople report that the introduction of competing products has reduced the expected sales of your new product to $3 million. If it would cost $1 million to finish development and make the product, should you go ahead and do so? What is the most that you should pay to complete development?6. The Social Security system provides income for people over age 65. If a recipient of Social Security decides to work and earn some income, the amount he or she receives in Social Security benefits is typically reduced. a. How does the provision of Social Securityaffect people‘s incentive to save while working?b. How does the reduction in benefits associated with higher earnings affect people‘s incentive to work past age 65?7. A 1996 bill reforming the federal government‘s antipoverty programs limited many welfare recipients to only two years of benefits. a. How doesthis change affect the incentives for working?b. How might this change represent a trade-off between equality and efficiency?8. Your roommate is a better cook than you are, but you can clean more quickly than your roommate can. If your roommate did all the cooking and you did all the cleaning, would your chores take you more or less time than if you divided each task evenly? Give a similar example of how specialization and trade can make two countries both better off.9. Explain whether each of the following government activities is motivated by a concern about equality or a concern about efficiency. In the case of efficiency, discuss the type of market failure involved.a. regulating cable TV pricesb. providing some poor people with vouchers that can be used to buy foodc. prohibiting smoking in public placesd. breaking up Standard Oil (which once owned 90 percent of all oil refineries) into several smaller companiese. imposing higher personal income tax rates on people with higher incomesf. instituting laws against driving while intoxicated10. Discuss each of the following statements from the standpoints of equality and efficiency. a. �DEveryone in society should be guaranteed the best healthcare possible.‖b. �DWhen workers are laid off, they should be able to collect unemployment benefits until they find a new job.‖11. In what ways is your standard of living differentfrom that of your parents or grandparents when they were your age? Why have these changes occurred?12. Suppose Americans decide to save more of their incomes. If banks lend this extra saving to businesses, which use the funds to build new factories, how might this lead to faster growth in productivity? Who do you suppose benefits from the higher productivity? Is society getting a free lunch?13. In 2021, President Barack Obama and Congress enacted a healthcare reform bill in the United States. Two goals of the bill were to provide more Americans with health insurance (via subsidies for lower-income households financed by taxes on higher-income households) and to reduce the cost of healthcare (via various reforms in how healthcare is provided). a. How do these goals relate to equality and efficiency?b. How might healthcare reform increase productivity in the United States?c. How might healthcare reform decrease productivity in the United States?14. During the Revolutionary War, the American colonies could not raise enough tax revenue to fully fund the war effort; to make up this difference, the colonies decided to print more money. Printing money to cover expenditures is sometimes referred to as an �Dinflation tax.‖ Who do you think is being �Dtaxed‖ when more money is printed? Why?15. Imagine that you are a policymaker trying to decide whether to reduce the rate of inflation. To make an intelligent decision, what would you need to know about inflation, unemployment, and the trade-off between them?16. A policymaker is deciding how to finance the construction of a new airport. He can either pay for it by increasing citizens‘ taxes or byprinting more money. What are some of the short-run and long-run consequences of each option?1. Draw a circular-flow diagram. Identify the parts of the model that correspond to the flow of goods and services and the flow of dollars for each of the following activities. a. Selena pays a storekeeper $1 for a quart of milk.b. Stuart earns $4.50 per hour working at a fastfood restaurant.c. Shanna spends $30 to get a haircut.d. Sally earns $10,000 from her 10 percent ownership of Acme Industrial.2. Imagine a society that produces military goods and consumer goods, which we‘ll call �Dguns‖ and �Dbutter.‖a. Draw a production possibilities frontier for guns and butter. Using the concept of opportunity cost, explain why it most likely has a bowed-out shape.b. Show a point that is impossible for the economy to achieve. Show apoint that is feasible but inefficient.c. Imagine that the society has two political parties, called the Hawks (who want a strong military) and the Doves (who want a smaller military). Show a point on your production possibilities frontier that the Hawks might choose and a point the Doves might choose.d. Imagine that an aggressive neighboring country reduces the size of its military. As a result, both the Hawks and the Doves reduce their desired production of guns by the same amount. Which party would get the bigger�Dpeace dividend,‖ measured by the increase in butter production? Explain.3. The first principle of economics discussed in Chapter 1 is that people face trade-offs. Use a production possibilities frontier to illustratesociety‘s trade-off between two �Dgoods‖―a clean environment and the quantity of industrial output. What do you suppose determines the shape and position of the frontier? Show what happens to the frontier if engineersdevelop a new way of producing electricity that emits fewer pollutants.4. An economy consists of three workers: Larry, Moe, and Curly. Each works ten hours a day and can produce two services: mowing lawns and washing cars.In an hour, Larry can either mow one lawn or wash one car; Moe can either mow one lawn or wash two cars; and Curly can either mow two lawns or wash one car.a. Calculate how much of each service is produced under the following circumstances, which we label A, B, C, and D: ? All three spend all their time mowing lawns. (A)All three spend all their time washing cars. (B)All three spend half their time on each activity. (C)Larry spends half his time on each activity, while Moe only washes cars and Curly only mows lawns. (D)b. Graph the production possibilities frontier for this economy. Usingyour answers to part (a), identify points A, B, C, and D on your graph.c. Explain why the production possibilities frontier has the shape it does.d. Are any of the allocations calculated in part (a) inefficient? Explain.5. Classify the following topics as relating to microeconomics or macroeconomics. a. a family‘s decision about how much income to saveb. the effect of government regulations on auto emissionsc. the impact of higher national saving on economic growthd. a firm‘s decision about how many workers to hiree. the relationship between the inflation rate and changes in the quantity of money 6. Classify each of the following statements as positive or normative. Explain.a. Society faces a short-run trade-off between感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
曼昆经济学原理微观经济学分册第8版全部答案
1章答案一、单项选择题1经济学最好的定义是对（）的研究。
a．社会如何管理其稀缺资源b．如何以最盈利的方式经营企业c．如何预测通货膨胀、失业和股票价格d．政府如何可以制止不受约束的利己所带来的危害【答案】a【解析】社会拥有的资源是有限的，因此不能生产人们希望拥有的所有物品与服务。
由于资源是稀缺的，社会资源的管理就尤为重要。
经济学研究社会如何管理自己的稀缺资源，经济学家还研究人们如何相互影响，分析影响整个经济的力量和趋势。
2你去看一场电影的机会成本是（）。
a．门票的价格b．门票的价格加上你在电影院购买汽水和爆米花的费用c．去看电影所需要的所有现金支出加上你的时间的价值d．零，只要你享受了电影并认为你为它付出的时间和金钱是值得的【答案】c【解析】机会成本是为了得到某种东西所必须放弃的东西。
看电影的机会成本包括：①去看电影所需要的所有现金支出，即门票的价格、购买汽水和爆米花的费用；②看电影的时间价值，即当把时间用于看电影时，就不能把这段时间用于工作，为此而不得不放弃的工作收入。
3边际变动（）。
a．对公共政策并不重要b．是逐步地改变现有计划c．使结果无效率d．并不影响激励【答案】b【解析】经济学家用边际变动这个术语来描述对现有行动计划的微小增量改变。
边际指边缘，边际变动是围绕所做的事的边缘的调整，即逐步地改变现有行动计划。
理性人通常通过比较边际收益与边际成本来做决策。
4亚当·斯密的看不见的手是指（）。
a．企业家以牺牲消费者为代价而获利的不易察觉而隐蔽的方法b．自由市场达到合意结果的能力（尽管市场参与者是利己的）c．政府通过管制使消费者获益的能力（即使消费者没有意识到这种管制）d．生产者或消费者在不受管制的市场上把成本加到无关旁观者身上的方法【答案】b【解析】经济学家亚当·斯密在其著作《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》中提出了全部经济学中最著名的观察结果：家庭和企业在市场上相互交易，他们仿佛被一只“看不见的手”所指引，并导致了合意的市场结果。
曼昆微观经济学计算题复习题
曼昆微观经济学计算题复习题第一页1.完全竞争行业中某厂商的成本函数为STC=Q3-6Q2+30Q+40，成本用美元计算，假设产品价格为66美元。
（1）求利润极大时的产量及利润总额（2）由于竞争市场供求发生变化，由此决定的新的价格为30元，在新的价格下，厂商是否会发生亏损？如果会，最小的亏损额为多少？（3）该厂商在什么情况下才会退出该行业（停止生产）？解：（1）由STC=Q3-6Q2+30Q+40，则MC=3Q2-12Q+30当完全竞争厂商实现均衡时，均衡的条件为MC=MR=P，当P=66元时，有66=3Q2-12Q+30 解得Q=6或Q=2（舍去）当Q=6时，厂商的最利润为=TR-TC=PQ-（Q3-6Q2+30Q+40）=66×6-（63-6×62+30×6+40）=176元1、已知某企业的平均可变成本为A VC＝X2－30X+310,X为产量。
当市场价格为310时，该企业的利润为0，求该企业的固定成本。
pi=TR-TC=(P-AC)Q,P=310,pi=0得AC=310AFC=AC-A VC=310-（X^2-30X+310）=-X^2+30XTFC=-X^3+30X^2因为MC=d(TVC)/dx=d(X^3-30X^2+310X)/dx=3X^2-60X+310又P=MC=AC得X=20所以TFC=-X^3+30x^2=40004、假设完全竞争市场的需求函数和供给函数分别为Qd=50000－2000P；Qs=40000＋3000P。
求：（1）市场均衡价格和均衡产量；（2）厂商的需求函数？市场均衡时Qd=Qs，即50000－2000P=40000＋3000P市场的均衡价格P=2均衡产量QD=Qs=46000。
完全竞争市场中，厂商的需求曲线是由市场的均衡价格决定，故厂商的需求函数为P=2。
4、设生产成本函数为：C（Q）＝50＋Q2，反需求函数为：P（Q）＝40－Q，求：利润最大化时厂商的产量、价格及利润。
曼昆微观经济学习题
曼昆微观经济学习题第六章、第七章练习题一、判断1．某厂商产量达到5万时的MR=65元，MC=55元，（其它条件一定）该厂商应继续扩大产量.2. 完全竞争厂商只能被动地接受既定的市场价格。
3. 完全竞争条件下，行业所面临的需求曲线是一条水平线。
4. 完全竞争厂商的短期供给曲线是短期边际成本曲线上等于和高于停止营业点的部分。
5. 完全竞争厂商的平均收益曲线和边际收益曲线与需求曲线是相同的。
6. 完全竞争厂商实现短期均衡时，定可获得大于零的经济利润。
7. 当一个完全竞争行业实现长期均衡时，每个企业都实现了正常利润，且经济利润都为零。
8. 在厂商短期均衡产量上，当AR＜SAC 且AR＞AVC时，厂商亏损，但应继续生产。
9. 在完全竞争市场上，SMC曲线和SAC 曲线的交点，被称为停止营业点。
10.垄断行业由于有规模经济可以比竞争行业产量更高，价格更低11.完全竞争市场与垄断竞争市场的差别是后者可以影响产品的价格.12.在完全竞争产品市场，厂商的短期反供给函数为P = SMC =f(Q)。
二、选择题1、在完全竞争市场上，厂商短期均衡条件是（）A、P=ARB、P=MRC、P=MCD、P=AC2、在垄断竞争中（）A、为数很少的厂商，有差异的产品B、许多厂商，同质的产品；C、为数很少几个厂商，同质产品D、许多厂商，有差异的产品3、在一般情况下，厂商得到的价格若低于下述哪种成本，他将停止营业？（）A、平均可变成本 B、平均成本C、平均不变成本D、边际成本4、在短期，完全垄断厂商（）A、无盈亏B、取得最大利润C、发生亏损D、以上情况都可能出现5、下列描述中，不属于完全垄断厂商实行差别定价的条件是（）A、市场存在不完全性B、各个市场的需求弹性不同；C、市场未达到均衡状态D、市场必须能有效地分离开来。
6、寡头垄断厂商的产品是（）A、同质的B、有差异的C、既可以是同质的，也可以是有差异的D、以上都不对7、P=MC的最大利润原则（）A．适用于任何条件下的厂商。
微观经济学曼昆复习资料
名词解释题1、边际效用递减规律2、无差异曲线3、消费者剩余4、需求定理5、一级价格歧视二、多项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。
在每小题给出的五个选项中有二至五个是符合题意的，把你所选的选项前面的字母填在题后的括号内。
全部选对该小题得满分，少选、多选、错选、不选该小题均为0分。
)1 •以下情况会引起需求变动的有(BCDEA. 商品价格降低B•消费者收入增加C. 消费者偏好发生变化D. 消费者预期该商品会涨价E. 其他有关商品降价2 .以下对短期平均成本与短期边际成本曲线论述正确的是 (ABC)A. 最初情况下，边际成本随着产量的增加而减少，而后逐渐增加B•边际成本曲线与平均成本曲线的交点就是平均成本曲线的最低点C. 当平均成本下降时，边际成本小于平均成本，当平均成本上升时，边际成本大于平均成本D. 边际成本永远大于平均成本E. 平均成本永远大于边际成本3 •以下对需求的价格弹性描述正确的是(ABCA. 如果某商品需求曲线为一条直线，则商品的价格越低，其需求的价格弹性越低B•商品的需求价格弹性越大，说明人们对该商品的价格越敏感C•如果某商品需求曲线表现为垂直的一条直线，则该商品的价格弹性为零D. 如果某商品需求曲线表现为水平的一条直线，则该商品的价格弹性为零E. 如果某商品需求曲线表现为一条直线，则在直线上任何一点，该商品的价格弹性皆相等4.某种商品的供给曲线的移动是由于 (BCDE)A. 商品价格的变化B. 互补品价格的变化C. 生产技术条件的变化D. 生产这种商品的成本的变化E政府向生产企业提供补贴5•当完全竞争厂商实现长期均衡时(ABCD)A. MR=ARB. MR=PC. P=LMCD. LMC=LACE. LAC=P6 . 总效用和边际效用的关系(ACE)A .当边际效用为零时，总效用最大B .当边际效用为零时，总效用递增C. 当边际效用为负时，总效用递减D. 当边际效用为负时，总效用不变E .当边际效用为正时，总效用递增7 . 以下对经济利润的理解正确的是(ADEA. 经济利润是资本的机会成本与会计利润之和B. 经济利润内不含会计利润C. 经济利润与会计利润是相等的D. 经济利润在完全竞争市场条件下，从长期看，一定是为零的E. 在短期，完全竞争的企业的经济利润可能是负值。
曼昆经济学原理微观答案
曼昆经济学原理微观答案1. 市场经济体系的基本特征是什么？市场经济体系的基本特征包括：- 私有产权：个人或企业拥有并控制资源和生产要素。
- 自由交易：由供求双方自愿达成协议进行交换。
- 自由进入与退出：个人或企业可以自由地进入或退出市场。
- 价格机制：通过供求关系形成合理的市场价格来指导资源配置和决策。
- 竞争机制：个人或企业在竞争中追求自身利益，从而推动经济发展。
- 通过市场机制进行资源配置和决策。
2. 边际效用是什么？边际效用递减法则是什么？边际效用是指每增加一单位消费或产出所带来的额外满足程度。
边际效用递减法则是指当某种商品或服务的消费或产出量逐渐增加时，其边际效用逐渐减少。
换句话说，随着消费或产出的增加，每单位增加的效用越来越少。
3. 需求曲线的斜率代表什么？需求曲线的斜率代表商品价格相对于商品数量的变化速率。
通常来说，需求曲线的斜率为负数，表示价格上升时，需求量下降的幅度。
斜率的绝对值越大，表示需求的价格弹性越高，即消费者对价格变化更为敏感。
4. 供给曲线的斜率代表什么？供给曲线的斜率代表商品价格相对于供给数量的变化速率。
通常来说，供给曲线的斜率为正数，表示价格上升时，供给量增加的幅度。
斜率的绝对值越大，表示供给的价格弹性越高，即生产者对价格变化更为敏感。
5. 市场均衡是如何形成的？市场均衡是指市场上供给和需求达到平衡时的状态。
在市场均衡状态下，商品的需求与供给量相等，不存在过剩或短缺。
市场均衡的形成是通过价格的调节和供需双方的互动实现的。
当市场价格高于均衡价格时，供给量会超过需求量，导致过剩；当市场价格低于均衡价格时，需求量会超过供给量，导致短缺。
通过价格的自由调整，市场上需求和供给逐渐趋于平衡，最终形成市场均衡。
曼昆微观经济学复习题3
一、单项选择题：（在以下每小题列出的选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项的字母填在题目的括号内，多选、不选、错选不得分；本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）1. 经济学是研究a •如何完全满足我们无限的欲望。
b •社会如何管理其稀缺资源。
c •如何把我们的欲望减少到我们得到满足时为止。
d •如何避免进行权衡取舍。
2. 生产可能性边界上的点是a .有效率的。
b •无效率的。
c .不能达到的。
d .规范的。
3. 供给定理说明，一种物品价格上升a .该物品需求减少。
b .该物品需求量减少。
c .该物品供给增加。
d •该物品供给量增加。
e .以上各项都不是。
4. 如果一种物品价格低于均衡价格a .存在过剩，而且，价格将上升。
b •存在过剩，而且，价格将下降。
c.存在短缺，而且，价格将上升。
d .存在短缺，而且，价格将下降。
e .需求量等于供给量，而且，价格保持不变。
5. 一般说来，需求曲线越平坦，越可能的情况是a.价格富有弹性。
b.价格缺乏弹性。
C.单位价格弹性。
D.以上各项都不对。
a.奢侈品。
b.必需品。
C.互补品。
d.替代品。
7. 一种物品的价格沿着一条不变的需求曲线上升a.增加消费者剩余。
b .减少消费者剩余。
c.增加买者的物质福利。
d •提高市场效率。
8. 负外部性（没有内在化）弓I起a.最优量大于均衡量。
b.均衡量大于最优量。
e.均衡量等于最优量。
d.均衡量高于或低于最优量。
9. 以下哪一种情况是公共物品的例子？a .海洋中的鲸鱼。
b .公园树上的苹果。
C •一次野餐时的热狗。
d .国防。
10. 经济利润等于总收益减a .隐性成本。
b .显性成本。
11以下哪一项不是完全竞争市场的特征 ？a ・市场上有许多买者与卖者。
b ・用于销售的物品大多是相同的。
c.企业可以自由进入或退出市场。
d •企业在长期中产生少量正经济利润。
12与完全竞争市场相比，垄断市场通常将引起 a ・高价格和高产量。
第一篇 导言 第1、2、3章(曼昆微观经济学习题集答案)
一.选择题1. 经济学可定义为( )。
A. 政府对市场制度的干预；B. 消费者如何获取收入；C. 研究如何最合理地配置稀缺资源于诸多用途；D. 企业取得利润的活动。
2.“资源是稀缺的”是指( )。
A. 世界上大多数人生活在贫困中；B. 相对于资源的需求而言，资源总是不足的；C. 资源必须保留给下一代；D. 世界上资源最终将由于生产更多的物品和劳务而消耗光。
3. 经济物品是指( )。
A. 有用的物品；B. 稀缺的物品；C. 用钱购买的物品；D. 有用且稀缺的物品。
4. 一国的生产可能性曲线上的点表示( )。
A. 通货膨胀；B. 失业或者资源没有被充分利用；C. 该国可利用的资源减少及技术水平降低；D. 社会使用既定的生产资源所能生产商品的最大组合。
5. 一国生产可能性曲线以内的点表示( )。
A. 通货膨胀；B. 该国资源未被充分利用；C. 该国可被利用的资源减少；D. 该国生产处于最适度的水平。
6. 下列各项中哪一项会导致一国生产可能性曲线向外移动？( )A. 失业；B. 通货膨胀；C. 有用性资源增加或技术进步；D. 消费品生产增加，资本物品生产下降。
7. 经济学研究的基本问题包括( )。
A. 生产什么，生产多少；B. 怎样生产；C. 为谁生产；D. 以上问题均包括。
8. 花10元钱理发的机会成本是( )。
A. 10元钱的其他最好的用途；B. 用来理发的时间的其他最好的用途；C. 给理发师10元钱的价值；D. 10元钱和用来理发的时间的其他最好的用途。
9. 微观经济学解决的问题是：( )A. 资源配置问题；B. 资源利用问题；C. 单个经济单位的经济行为；D. 价格理论。
10.微观经济学与宏观经济学的区别是( )。
A. 研究方法不同；B. 研究对象不同；C. 研究范围不同；D. 上述都是。
二.判断题1．如果社会不存在稀缺性，也就不会产生经济学。
( )2．稀缺性仅仅是市场经济中所存在的问题。
( )3．资源的稀缺性决定了资源可以得到充分利用，不会出现资源浪费的现象。
曼昆微观经济学复习题
………………………………………………………………………………………………………一、名词解释（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）1.供求定理2.消费者剩余3.公共物品4.边际产量递减规律5.价格歧视二、单选题（在以下每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项的字母填在题后的括号内，多选、不选、错选不得分；本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）1.经济学是研究（）A．社会如何管理其无限的资源。
B．社会如何管理其稀缺资源。
C．如何把我们的欲望减少到我们得到满足时为止。
D．如何避免进行权衡取舍。
2.一种物品供给减少将会引起( )A. 均衡价格和数量增加。
B．均衡价格和数量减少。
C．均衡价格上升，而均衡数量减少。
D．均衡价格下降，而均衡数量增加。
3.一般说来，需求曲线越平坦，越可能的情况是( )A．富有价格弹性。
B．缺乏价格弹性。
C．单位弹性。
D．以上各项都不对。
4.如果两种物品之间的交叉价格弹性是负的，那么，这两种物品很可能是( )A. 奢侈品。
B．必需品。
C．互补品。
D．替代品。
5. 对一种消费者必需的物品征收税收，很可能使税收负担( )A．更多地落在买者身上。
B．更多地落在卖者身上。
C．买者与卖者平等地分摊。
D．完全落在卖者身上。
6.负外部性导致资源配置（）A.市场最优量大于社会最优量。
B.市场最优量小于社会最优量。
C.市场最优量等于社会最优量。
D.市场主体得不到收益上的补偿。
7.共有资源容易产生的一个问题是（）A.过度使用。
B.成本太高。
C.政府不能提供。
D.利用不足。
8.经济学上所谈的成本，是指（）A.显性成本。
B.隐性成本。
C.显性成本与隐性成本。
D.企业的花费。
9.生产的有效规模是使以下哪一项最小的产量？（）A.平均总成本。
B.边际成本。
C.平均固定成本。
D.平均可变成本。
10．以下哪一项不是完全竞争市场的特征? （）A．市场上有许多买者与卖者。
B．用于销售的物品大多是相同的。
微观经济学曼昆第八版课后答案
微观经济学曼昆第八版课后答案1、委托加工应纳消费税产品（非金银首饰）收回后，如直接对外销售，其由受托方代扣代交的消费税，应计入（）。
[单选题] *A.生产成本B.应交税费——应交消费税C.委托加工物资(正确答案)D.主营业务成本2、．（年宁波二模考）根据权责发生制原则，以下属于本期的收入或费用的是（）[单选题] *A支付明年的房屋租金B本期已经收款，但商品尚未制造完成C当期按照税法规定预缴的税费D商品在本期销售，但货款尚未收到(正确答案)3、专利权有法定有效期限，一般发明专利的有效期限为（）。
[单选题] *A.5年B.10年C.15年D.20年(正确答案)4、．（年浙江省高职考）下列各项中，不属于经济业务的经济活动是（）[单选题] *A采购原材料并验收入库B生产产品领用原材料C支付职工工资D签订产品销售合同(正确答案)5、股份有限公司为核算投资者投入的资本应当设置（）科目。
[单选题] *A.“实收资本”B.“股东权益”C.“股本”(正确答案)D.“所有者权益”6、（）是由企业非日常活动所形成的，会导致所有者权益增加的、与所有者投入资本无关的经济利益的流入。
[单选题] *A.收入B.利润C.利得(正确答案)D.营业外收入7、．（年嘉兴三模考）（）就是会计在经济管理中固有的、内在的客观功能。
[单选题] *A会计的含义B会计的特点C会计的任务D会计的职能(正确答案)8、2018年12月31日，甲公司某项固定资产计提减值准备前的账面价值为1 000万元，公允价值为980万元，预计处置费用为80万元，预计未来现金流量的现值为1 050万元。
2018年12月31日，甲公司应对该项固定资产计提的减值准备为（）万元。
[单选题] *A.0(正确答案)B.20C.50D.1009、．（年浙江省第二次联考）会计是一种（）[单选题] *A经济监督的工具B管理生产与耗费的工具C、生财、聚财、用财的方法D管理经济的活动(正确答案)10、长期借款分期计算和支付利息时，应通过（）科目核算。
曼昆微观经济学试题库(完整资料).doc
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】第一章经济学十大原理1.1人们如何做出决策【题型】：名词解释1、【试题正文】经济学【参考答案及评分标准】：研究社会如何管理其稀缺资源（2分）。
2、【试题正文】机会成本【参考答案及评分标准】：得到某种东西所放弃的东西（2分）。
【题型】：简答题3、【试题正文】空气是稀缺的吗?清新的空气是稀缺的吗?【参考答案及评分标准】：不,为了得到它，你不必放弃任何东西。
（３分）是的，在得到它(汽车排污设备等)而不放弃什么东西的情况下，你想要多少就可以有多少。
（2分）4、【试题正文】把你工资的一部分储蓄起来的机会成本是什么?【参考答案及评分标准】：你可以享受你为之支付了的东西(现期消费)。
（５分）5、【试题正文】水是生命所必需的。
钻石并不是。
增加一杯水的边际利益大于还是小于增加一克拉钻石的边际利益?为什么？【参考答案及评分标准】：一杯水的边际利益通常很低，因为我们所拥有的水是如此之多，以至于增加一杯水的价值很少（３分）。
钻石的情况正好相反。
（2分）6、【试题正文】你的汽车需要修理。
你已经为修理变速器花了500美元，但它仍然不能正常运行。
你“似乎”能以2000美元的价格出卖你的汽车。
如果你的汽车可以修理好，你可以卖2500美元。
再花300美元保证可以修好你的汽车。
你应该修理你的汽车吗?为什么?【参考答案及评分标准】：是的（１分），因为修理汽车的边际利益是2500美元一2000美元=500美元（2分），而边际成本是300美元（１分）。
原来修理付的钱是无关的（１分）。
7、【试题正文】为什么你认为气囊所减少的汽车车祸的死亡小于你所希望的? 【参考答案及评分标准】：一次车祸的成本是低的。
这改变了激励，使人们开车更快，而且车祸更多。
（５分）8、【试题正文】如果我们更多地储蓄，并用储蓄构建更多的物质资本，生产率就会提高，而且，我们将提高未来的生活水平。
未来增长的机会成本是什么?【参考答案及评分标准】：我们必须放弃今天的消费。
微观经济学曼昆复习资料
一、名词解释题1、边际效用递减规律2、无差异曲线3、消费者剩余4、需求定理5、一级价格歧视二、多项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。
在每小题给出的五个选项中有二至五个是符合题意的，把你所选的选项前面的字母填在题后的括号内。
全部选对该小题得满分，少选、多选、错选、不选该小题均为0分。
) 1．以下情况会引起需求变动的有（ BCDE）A．商品价格降低B．消费者收入增加C．消费者偏好发生变化D．消费者预期该商品会涨价E．其他有关商品降价2．以下对短期平均成本与短期边际成本曲线论述正确的是（ ABC）A．最初情况下，边际成本随着产量的增加而减少，而后逐渐增加B．边际成本曲线与平均成本曲线的交点就是平均成本曲线的最低点C．当平均成本下降时，边际成本小于平均成本，当平均成本上升时，边际成本大于平均成本D．边际成本永远大于平均成本E．平均成本永远大于边际成本3．以下对需求的价格弹性描述正确的是（ABC）A．如果某商品需求曲线为一条直线,则商品的价格越低，其需求的价格弹性越低B．商品的需求价格弹性越大，说明人们对该商品的价格越敏感C．如果某商品需求曲线表现为垂直的一条直线，则该商品的价格弹性为零D．如果某商品需求曲线表现为水平的一条直线，则该商品的价格弹性为零E．如果某商品需求曲线表现为一条直线，则在直线上任何一点，该商品的价格弹性皆相等4.某种商品的供给曲线的移动是由于（BCDE ）A．商品价格的变化B．互补品价格的变化C．生产技术条件的变化D．生产这种商品的成本的变化E．政府向生产企业提供补贴5．当完全竞争厂商实现长期均衡时（ABCDE）A．MR=ARB．MR=PC．P=LMCD．LMC=LACE．LAC=P6．总效用和边际效用的关系（ ACE）A．当边际效用为零时，总效用最大B．当边际效用为零时，总效用递增C. 当边际效用为负时，总效用递减D. 当边际效用为负时，总效用不变E．当边际效用为正时，总效用递增7．以下对经济利润的理解正确的是（ADE）A．经济利润是资本的机会成本与会计利润之和B．经济利润内不含会计利润C．经济利润与会计利润是相等的D．经济利润在完全竞争市场条件下，从长期看，一定是为零的E．在短期，完全竞争的企业的经济利润可能是负值。
曼昆经济学练习题
曼昆经济学练习题一、微观经济学基础1. 需求与供给如果某种商品的价格上升，其需求量会如何变化？描述一下正常商品和低档商品的供给曲线特征。
假设某商品的市场需求曲线为Qd = 100 2P，市场供给曲线为Qs = 20 + 3P，求该商品的市场均衡价格和均衡数量。
2. 弹性理论解释需求价格弹性和需求收入弹性的概念。
如果一种商品的需求价格弹性为2，价格上升10%时，需求量如何变化？讨论为什么生活必需品的需求价格弹性通常较低。
3. 消费者行为简述边际效用递减规律。
假设某消费者的效用函数为U = X^0.5 Y^0.5，预算约束为M = 100，P_X = 10，P_Y = 20，求消费者的最优消费组合。
解释消费者剩余的概念及其意义。
二、市场结构与竞争策略1. 完全竞争市场简述完全竞争市场的特征。
在长期均衡状态下，完全竞争市场的企业为何无法获得超额利润？计算一个完全竞争企业的长期平均成本曲线。
2. 垄断市场描述垄断市场的特征。
假设一个垄断企业的成本函数为C = 100 + 10Q，市场需求曲线为P = 100 5Q，求该企业的最优产量和价格。
讨论垄断企业定价策略与完全竞争企业的区别。
3. 寡头垄断市场解释Cournot模型和Stackelberg模型的基本原理。
假设有两个寡头企业，市场需求曲线为P = 100 Q，企业的成本函数分别为C_1 = 20 + 2Q_1和C_2 = 30 + 3Q_2，求Cournot均衡下的产量和价格。
讨论价格领导模型在寡头垄断市场中的应用。
三、宏观经济政策与分析1. 国民收入决定理论简述凯恩斯消费理论的核心观点。
假设一个封闭经济体的消费函数为C = 100 + 0.8(Y T)，投资函数为I = 200 10r，政府购买为G = 200，税收为T = 100，求均衡的国民收入。
解释乘数效应及其在财政政策中的作用。
2. 通货膨胀与失业描述菲利普斯曲线的基本内容。
假设短期内菲利普斯曲线为π = π_e 0.5(u u_n)，其中π_e为预期通货膨胀率，u_n为自然失业率，求当预期通货膨胀率为5%时，实际通货膨胀率为8%时的失业率。
(完整word版)曼昆《微观经济学原理》复习资料
《经济学原理》期末复习提纲一、题型名词辨析（4分×5=20分）选择题（1分×20=20分）判断题（2分×10=20分）计算题（10分×2=20分）论述题（10分×2=20分）二、知识点第1章•理解稀缺性、经济学、机会成本、边际、激励以及市场失灵、外部性和通货膨胀等术语的含义稀缺性：社会资源的有限性。
社会拥有的资源是有限的，所以不能生产人们希望拥有的所有物品与劳务。
经济学：研究社会如何管理自己的稀缺资源经济学家研究：人们如何作出决策；人们如何与他人相互交易；影响整体经济的力量和趋势机会成本：为了得到某种东西所必须放弃的东西边际变动：对行动变化微小的增量调整市场失灵：市场本身不能有效配置资源的情况外部性：一个人的行为对旁观者福利的影响通货膨胀：物价总水平的上升•熟悉经济学的十大原理1、人们面对权衡取舍，有所得必有所失，要兼顾公平与效率。
2、所得的成本就是放弃的东西，真正的成本不是会计成本，而是机会成本。
3、增量大小的比较决定选择，边际分析是经济学分析的关键。
4、人们根据刺激做出决策，并随刺激的变化而进行调整。
5、交换可以使有关各方都得到好处。
6、市场可以最大限度地提高经济效率。
7、政府可以弥补市场的局限，如市场失灵、外部性和垄断等。
8、一国生产能力的大小决定国民生活水平的高低。
9、货币发行过多可能造成通货膨胀。
10、短期中，失业和通胀之间有替代关系。
•领会“天下没有免费的午餐”这句话的含义做出决策要求我们在一个目标与另一个目标之间权衡取舍。
（大炮vs黄油；环境vs收益；效率vs公平）第2章•理解循环流向图与生产可能性边界这两个模型的内容循环流向图：说明货币如何通过市场在家庭与企业之间流动的直观经济模型p21生产可能性边界：表示一个经济在可得到的生产要素与生产技术既定时所能生产的产量的各种组合的图形。
表明了社会所面临的一种权衡取舍，但随着时间的推移，可以改变。
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第一章经济学十大原理1.1人们如何做出决策【题型】：名词解释1、【试题正文】经济学【参考答案及评分标准】：研究社会如何管理其稀缺资源（2分）。
2、【试题正文】机会成本【参考答案及评分标准】：得到某种东西所放弃的东西（2分）。
【题型】：简答题3、【试题正文】空气是稀缺的吗?清新的空气是稀缺的吗?【参考答案及评分标准】：不,为了得到它，你不必放弃任何东西。
（３分）是的，在得到它(汽车排污设备等)而不放弃什么东西的情况下，你想要多少就可以有多少。
（2分）4、【试题正文】把你工资的一部分储蓄起来的机会成本是什么?【参考答案及评分标准】：你可以享受你为之支付了的东西(现期消费)。
（５分）5、【试题正文】水是生命所必需的。
钻石并不是。
增加一杯水的边际利益大于还是小于增加一克拉钻石的边际利益?为什么？【参考答案及评分标准】：一杯水的边际利益通常很低，因为我们所拥有的水是如此之多，以至于增加一杯水的价值很少（３分）。
钻石的情况正好相反。
（2分）6、【试题正文】你的汽车需要修理。
你已经为修理变速器花了500美元，但它仍然不能正常运行。
你“似乎”能以2000美元的价格出卖你的汽车。
如果你的汽车可以修理好，你可以卖2500美元。
再花300美元保证可以修好你的汽车。
你应该修理你的汽车吗?为什么?【参考答案及评分标准】：是的（１分），因为修理汽车的边际利益是2500美元一2000美元=500美元（2分），而边际成本是300美元（１分）。
原来修理付的钱是无关的（１分）。
7、【试题正文】为什么你认为气囊所减少的汽车车祸的死亡小于你所希望的?【参考答案及评分标准】：一次车祸的成本是低的。
这改变了激励，使人们开车更快，而且车祸更多。
（５分）8、【试题正文】如果我们更多地储蓄，并用储蓄构建更多的物质资本，生产率就会提高，而且，我们将提高未来的生活水平。
未来增长的机会成本是什么?【参考答案及评分标准】：我们必须放弃今天的消费。
（2分）【题型】：判断正误题9、【试题正文】当经济学家说“天下没有免费的午餐”时，他们是指所有经济决策都涉及到权衡取舍。
【参考答案及评分标准】：正确。
10、【试题正文】只有当一种行为的边际利益大于边际成本时，理性人才行动。
【参考答案及评分标准】：正确。
11、【试题正文】公共财政支持高等教育的不合意结果是降低了学费，为许多原本不想再学习的人提供了上州立大学的激励。
【参考答案及评分标准】：正确。
12、【试题正文】即使增加的汽车产量的成本大于所得到的价格，只要企业有利可图，汽车制造商就应该继续生产增加的汽车。
【参考答案及评分标准】：错误；只有边际利益大于边际成本，制造商才应该生产。
13、【试题正文】对一个学生来说，看一场篮球赛的机会成本应该包括门票的价格和可以用于学习的时间的价值。
【参考答案及评分标准】：正确。
【题型】：单项选择题14、【试题正文】下列哪一种情况涉及到权衡取舍?a．买一辆新汽车。
b．上大学。
c．星期天下午看一场足球比赛。
d．睡午觉。
e．以上各项都涉及到权衡取舍。
【参考答案及评分标准】：e15、【试题正文】之所以要权衡取舍，是因为欲望是无限的，而资源是a．有效的。
b．经济的。
c．稀缺的。
d．无限的。
e．边际的。
【参考答案及评分标准】：e16、【试题正文】经济学是研究a．如何完全满足我们无限的欲望。
b．社会如何管理其稀缺资源。
c．如何把我们的欲望减少到我们得到满足时为止。
d．如何避免进行权衡取舍。
e．社会如何管理其无限的资源。
【参考答案及评分标准】：b17、【试题正文】除非一种行为满足下列条件，否则理性人就不会行事a．可以为某人赚钱。
b．符合伦理道德。
c．产生了大于边际利益的边际成本。
d．产生了大于边际成本的边际利益。
e．以上每一种情况都不是。
【参考答案及评分标准】：d18、【试题正文】假设你捡到了20美元。
如果你选择把这20美元用于看足球比赛，你看这场比赛的机会成本是a．没有，因为你捡到了钱。
b．20美元(因为你可以用这20美元买其他东西)。
c．20美元(因为你可以用这20美元买其他东西)加你用于看比赛的时间的价值。
d．20美元(因为你可以用这20美元买其他东西)加你用于看比赛的时间的价值，再加你在看比赛中买饭的成本。
e．以上每一项都不是。
【参考答案及评分标准】：c19、【试题正文】由于人们会对激励做出反应，如果会计师的平均薪水增加50％，而教师的平均薪水增加20％，我们可以预期a．学生将从教育专业转向会计专业。
b．学生将从会计专业转向教育专业。
c．上大学的学生少了。
d．以上每一项都不是。
【参考答案及评分标准】：a20、【试题正文】你根据销售额为2000美元的估算花1000美元盖了一个热狗店。
热狗店快建完了，但现在估计总销售额只是800美元。
你可以再花300美元盖完热狗店。
你应该盖完热狗店吗?(假设你没有热狗的成本。
)a．是的。
b．不。
c．没有足够的信息回答这个问题。
【参考答案及评分标准】：a21、【试题正文】根据第17题，你应该盖完热狗店的决策规则是盖完热狗店的成本小于a．100美元。
b．300美元。
c．500美元。
d．800美元。
e．以上每一项都不是。
【参考答案及评分标准】：d22、【试题正文】下列哪一项不是去度假的机会成本的一部分?a．如果你留在家里并工作可以赚到的钱。
b．你用于食物的钱。
c．你用于飞机票的钱。
d．你看百老汇表演所花的钱。
【参考答案及评分标准】：b第一章经济学十大原理1.2人们如何相互交易23、【题型】：名词解释【试题正文】市场失灵【参考答案及评分标准】：市场不能有效地配置资源的状况。
（2分）【题型】：判断正误题24、【试题正文】当政府用税收和福利再分配收入时，经济变得更有效率。
【参考答案及评分标准】：错误；经济会由于削弱了对辛勤工作的激励而变得效率低下。
25、【试题正文】亚当·斯密的“看不见的手”的概念描述了公司经营如何像一只“看不见的手”伸到消费者的钱包中。
【参考答案及评分标准】：错误；“看不见的手”指市场如何指导利己的人26、【试题正文】如果我们取消了与亚洲国家的贸易，美国在经济上就会获益，因为我们将被迫生产更多的、我们自己的汽车和衣服。
【参考答案及评分标准】：错误；所有国家都从自愿贸易中获益。
27、【试题正文】当一架喷气式飞机从头上飞过时，噪音引起外部性。
【参考答案及评分标准】：正确。
28、【试题正文】苏更擅长打扫卫生，鲍伯更擅长做饭。
如果鲍伯专门做饭而苏专门打扫卫生，这将比他们平等地分摊家务所需要的时间少。
【参考答案及评分标准】：正确。
29、【试题正文】一个农民在小麦市场上更可能有市场势力。
【参考答案及评分标准】：错误；一个农民太小了，不能影响市场。
30、【试题正文】美国工人有较高的生活水平是因为美国有较高的最低工资。
【参考答案及评分标准】：错误；美国工人生活水平高是因为他们的生产率高。
31、【题型】：单项选择题【试题正文】提高税收并增加福利支付a．证明了存在免费午餐。
b．减少了市场势力。
c．以损害平等为代价提高了效率。
d．以损害效率为代价改善了平等。
e．以上每一种情况都不是。
第一章经济学十大原理1.3整体经济如何运行32、【题型】：名词解释【试题正文】通货膨胀【参考答案及评分标准】：物价总水平的上升。
（2分）33、【题型】：简答题【试题正文】如果政府发行了两倍的货币，如果经济已经在最高能力时生产，你认为物价和产量会发生什么变动? 【参考答案及评分标准】：支出翻了一番，但由于产量仍保持不变（2分），物价也翻了一番（3分）。
【题型】：判断正误题34、【试题正文】高而持久的通货膨胀是由经济中货币量的过度增长引起的。
【参考答案及评分标准】：正确。
35、【试题正文】在短期中，降低通货膨胀往往会引起失业减少。
【参考答案及评分标准】：错误；通货膨胀下降倾向于增加失业。
【题型】：单项选择题36、【试题正文】高而持久的通货膨胀的原因是a．工会使工资增加得太多了。
b．欧佩克使石油价格上升得太高了。
c．政府增加的货币量太多了。
d．管制使生产成本增加得太多了。
37、【试题正文】可以提高生产率的方法是a．提高最低工资。
b．提高工会会员的工资。
c．改善工人的教育。
d．限制与国外的贸易。
【参考答案及评分标准】：c第二章像经济学家一样思考2.1作为科学家的经济学家38、【题型】：名词解释【试题正文】生产可能性边界【参考答案及评分标准】：一个图形，表示在可获得的生产要素与生产技术既定时经济可以生产的产量的结合。
（2分）。
39、【题型】：案例案例分析题【试题正文】下表提供了Athletic国生产可能性边界的信息。
a．在图2-2中，画出并连接这些点作出Athletic国的生产可能性边界。
（2分）b．如果Athletic国现在生产100个硬板球拍和400个软网球拍，增加100个硬板球拍的机会成本是什么? （2分）c．如果Athletic国现在生产300个硬板球拍和300个软网球拍，增加100个硬板球拍的机会成本是什么? （2分）d.为什么在c中多生产100个硬板球拍所引起的权衡取舍大于在b中多生产100个硬板球拍? （2分）e.假设Athletic国现在生产200个硬板球拍和200个软网球拍。
在不放弃任何软网球拍的情况下，他们可以多生产多少硬板球拍?不放弃任何硬板球拍可以生产多少软网球拍? （2分）f.生产200个硬板球拍和200个软网球拍有效率吗?试解释之。
（2分）【参考答案及评分标准】：a．参看图2－7。
（2分）b．40个软网球拍。
（2分）c．100个软网球拍。
（2分）d．因为随着我们生产更多的硬板球拍，最适于生产硬板球拍的资源得到使用。
因此，生产100个硬板球拍需要越来越多的资源，而且，软网球拍的生产就大大减少了。
（2分）e．200个硬板球拍；160个软网球拍。
（2分）f.不是。
如果没有机会成本可以增加生产，资源就没有得到有效使用。
（2分）【题型】：简答题40、【试题正文】在任何一门科学中，假设的作用是什么?【参考答案及评分标准】：简化现实，以使我们可以把思考集中在实际重要的事情上。
（５分）41、【试题正文】为什么生产可能性边界的斜率是负的(向右下方倾斜)?【参考答案及评分标准】：因为，如果一个经济有效地运行，生产选择就有机会成本。
（３分）如果我们想多要一种东西，我们就必须少一种东西。
（２分）【题型】：判断正误题42、【试题正文】经济模型要么反映现实，要么没有价值。
【参考答案及评分标准】：错误；经济模型是现实的简单化。
43、【试题正文】假设使解释世界变得相对容易，因为它们简化了现实，并集中了我们的注意力。
【参考答案及评分标准】：正确。
不变的。
44、【试题正文】如果一种经济在其生产可能性边界上运行，它就应该有效地使用了自己的资源。
【参考答案及评分标准】：正确。