化学化工专业英语2
化学化工专业英语(课本内容)
第二章科技英语构词法词是构成句子的要素，对词意理解的好坏直接关系到翻译的质量。
所谓构词法即词的构成方法，即词在结构上的规律。
科技英语构词特点是外来语多（很多来自希腊语和拉丁语）；第二个特点是构词方法多，除了非科技英语中常用的三种构词法—转化、派生及合成法外，还普遍采用压缩法、混成法、符号法和字母象形法。
2.1转化法（Conversion）由一种词类转化成另一种词类，叫转化法。
例如：water(n.水)→water(v.浇水)charge(n.电荷) →charge(v.充电)yield(n.产率) →yield(v.生成)dry(a.干的) →dry（v.烘干）slow(a.慢的) →slow(v.减慢)back(ad.在后、向后) →back（v.使后退、倒车）square(n.正方形) →square(a.正方形的)2.2派生法（Derivation）通过加前、后缀构成一新词。
派生法是化工类科技英语中最常用的构词法。
例如“烷烃”就是用前缀（如拉丁或希腊前缀）表示分子中碳原子数再加上“-ane”作词尾构成的。
若将词尾变成“-ane”、“-yne”、“-ol”、“-al”、“-yl”，则分别表示“烯”、“炔”、“醇”、“醛”、“基”、等。
依此类推，从而构成千成种化学物质名词。
常遇到这样的情况，许多化学化工名词在字典上查不到，全若掌握这种构词法，能过其前、后缀分别代表的意思，合在一起即是该词的意义。
下面通过表1举例说明。
需要注意的是，表中物质的数目词头除前四个另有名称外，其它均为表上的数目词头。
本书附录为化学化工专业常用词根及前后缀。
此外还可参阅《英汉化学化工词汇》（第三版）附录中的“英汉对照有机基名表”、“西文化学名词中常用的数止词头”及“英汉对照有机词尾表”。
据估计，知道一个前缀可帮助人们认识450个英语单词。
一名科技工作者至少要知道近50个前缀和30个后缀。
这对扩大科技词汇量，增强自由阅读能力，提高翻译质量和加快翻译速度都是大有裨益的。
化学工程与工艺专业英语1、2、3、4、5、6、7、10、11、12、13、20、21
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
可以认为它起源于工业革命其间，大约在1800年，并发展成为为其它工业部门提供化学原料的产业。
比如制肥皂所用的碱，棉布生产所用的漂白粉，玻璃制造业所用的硅及Na2CO3. 我们会注意到所有这些都是无机物。
有机化学工业的开始是在十九世纪六十年代以William Henry Perkin 发现第一种合成染料—苯胺紫并加以开发利用为标志的。
20世纪初，德国花费大量资金用于实用化学方面的重点研究，到1914年，德国的化学工业在世界化学产品市场上占有75%的份额。
这要归因于新染料的发现以及硫酸的接触法生产和氨的哈伯生产工艺的发展。
而后者需要较大的技术突破使得化学反应第一次可以在非常高的压力条件下进行。
这方面所取得的成绩对德国很有帮助。
特别是由于1914年第一次世界大仗的爆发，对以氮为基础的化合物的需求飞速增长。
这种深刻的改变一直持续到战后（1918-1939）。
1940年以来，化学工业一直以引人注目的速度飞速发展。
尽管这种发展的速度近年来已大大减慢。
化学工业的发展由于1950年以来石油化学领域的研究和开发大部分在有机化学方面取得。
石油化工在60年代和70年代的迅猛发展主要是由于人们对于合成高聚物如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚脂和环氧树脂的需求巨大增加。
今天的化学工业已经是制造业中有着许多分支的部门，并且在制造业中起着核心的作用。
它生产了数千种不同的化学产品，而人们通常只接触到终端产品或消费品。
这些产品被购买是因为他们具有某些性质适合（人们）的一些特别的用途，例如，用于盆的不粘涂层或一种杀虫剂。
这些化学产品归根到底是由于它们能产生的作用而被购买的。
2．化学工业的定义在本世纪初，要定义什么是化学工业是不太困难的，因为那时所生产的化学品是很有限的，而且是非常清楚的化学品，例如，烧碱，硫酸。
化工专业英语Lesson 2
Lesson2 Chemical Equilibrium and Kinetics化学平衡和动力学A1 A major objective of chemist is to understand chemical reactions, to know whether under a given set of conditions two substances will react when mixed, to determine whether a given reaction will be exothermic or endothermic, and to predict the extent to which a given reaction will proceed before equilibrium is established.化学家的一个主要目标是理解化学反应，知道在一组给定的条件下两种物质混合时能否发生反应；确定一个给定的反应是放热还是吸热；预测一个给定的反应在平衡前进行的程度。
2 An equilibrium state, produced as a consequence of two opposing reactions occurring simultaneously, is a state in which there is no net change as long as there is no change in conditions.平衡状态是由两个对立反应同时发生产生的结果，在平衡状态下，只要条件不发生改变，这个状态就不会有净变化。
3 In this lesson it will be shown how one predict the equilibrium state of chemical systems from thermodynamic data, and conversely how the experimental measurements on equilibrium states provide useful thermodynamic data.在这节课中，将会展示如何根据热力学数据来预测化学体系的平衡状态，以及相反地，平衡状态下的实验测量值如何提供有用的热力学数据。
化学化工专业英语电子版课本
ContentPART 1 Introduction to Materials Science ＆Engineering 1 Unit 1 Materials Science and Engineering 1 Unit 2 Classification of Materials 9 Unit 3 Properties of Materials 17 Unit 4 Materials Science and Engineering: What does the Future Hold? 25 Part ⅡMETALLIC MATERLALS AND ALLOYS33 Unit 5 An Introduction to Metallic Materials 33 Unit 6 Metal Manufacturing Methods 47 Unit 7 Structure of Metallic Materials 57 Unit 8 Metal-Matrix Composites 68 Part ⅢCeramics 81 Unit 9 Introduction to Ceramics 81 Unit 10 Ceramic Structures —Crystalline and Noncrystalline 88 Unit 11 Ceramic Processing Methods 97 Unit 12 Advanced ceramic materials –Functional Ceramics 105 PARTⅣNANOMATERIALS 112 Unit 13 Introduction to Nanostructured Materials 112 Unit14 Preparation of Nanomaterials 117 Unit 15 Recent Scientific Advances 126 Unit 16 The Future of Nanostructure Science and Technology 130 Part ⅤPOLYMERS 136Unit17 A Brief Review in the Development of Synthetic Polymers 136 Unit18 Polymer synthesis: Polyethylene synthesis 146 Unit19 Polymer synthesis: Nylon synthesis 154 Unit 20 Processing and Properties Polymer Materials 165 PART VI POLYMERIC COMPOSITES 172 Unit21 Introduction to Polymeric Composite Materials 172 Unit22 Composition, Structure and Morphology of Polymeric Composites 178 Unit23 Manufacture of Polymer Composites 185 Unit24 Epoxy Resin Composites 191 Part 7 Biomaterial 196 Unit 25 Introduction to Biomaterials 196 Unit 26 Biocompatibility 205 Unit 27 Polymers as Biomaterials 213 Unit 28 Future of Biomaterials 224 PARTⅧMaterials and Environment 237 Unit29 Environmental Pollution & Control Related Materials 237 Unit30 Bio-degradable Polymer Materials 241 Unit 31 Environmental Friendly Inorganic Materials 248 Unit 32 A Perspective on the Future: Challenges and Opportunities 256 附录一科技英语构词法263 附录二科技英语语法及翻译简介269附录三：聚合物英缩写、全名、中文名对照表280附录四：练习题参考答案284PART 1 Introduction to Materials Science ＆EngineeringUnit 1Materials Science and EngineeringHistorical PerspectiveMaterials are probably more deep-seated in our culture than most of usrealize. Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation, and food production —virtually every segment of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another by materials. Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been intimately tied to the members’ ability to produce and manipulate materi- als to fill their needs. In fact, early deep-seated根深蒂固的, 深层的civilizations have been designated by the level of their materials development (Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age).The earliest humans had access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally: stone, wood, clay, skins, and so on. With time they discovered techniques for producing materials that had propertiessuperior to those of the natural ones; these new materials included pottery and various metals. Furthermore, it was discovered that the properties of a material could be altered by heat treatments and by the addition of other substances. At this point, materials utilization was totally a selection process that involved deciding from a given, rather limited set of materials the one best suited for an application by virtue of its characteristics.①It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties. This knowledge, acquired over approximately the past 100 years, has empowered them to fashion, to a large degree, the characteristics of materials. Thus, tens of thousands of different materials have evolved with rather specialized charac- teristics that meet the needs of our modern and complex society; these include metals, plastics, glasses, and fibers.The development of many technologies that make our existence so comfortable has been intimately associated with the accessibility of suitable materials. An advancement in the understanding of a material type is often the forerunner to the stepwise progression of a technology. For example, pottery // 陶器structural elements结构成分；property //.性能automobiles would not have been possibl- e without the availability of inexpensive steel or some other comparable substitute. In our contemporary era, sophisticated electronic devices rely on components that are made from what are called semiconducting materials.Materials Science and EngineeringThe discipline of materials science involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast, materials engineering is, on the basis of these structure–property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.“Structure’’is at this point a nebulous term that deserves some explanation. In brief, the structure of a material usually relates to the arrangement of its internal components. Subatomic structure involves electrons within the individual atoms and interactions with their nuclei. On an atomic level, structure encompasses the organization of atoms or molecules relative to one another. The next larger structural realm, which contains large groups of atoms that are normally agglomerated together, is termed ‘‘microscopic,’’meaning that which is subject to direct observation using some type of microscope. Finally, structural elements that may be viewed with the naked eye are termed ‘‘macroscopic.’’The notion of ‘‘property’’ deserves elaboration. While in service use, all materials are exposed to external stimuli that evoke some type of response. stepwise//逐步的sophisticated//精制的，复杂的；semiconducting materials 半导体材料nebulous//含糊的，有歧义的subatomic//亚原子的microscopic//For example, a specimen subjected to forces will experience deformation; or a polished metal surface will reflect light. Property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size.Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and deteriorative. For each there is a characteristic type of stimulus capable of provoking different responses. Mechanical properties relate deformation to an applied load or force; examples include elastic modulus and strength. For electrical properties, such as electrical conductivity and dielectric constant, the stimulus is an electric field. The thermal behavior of solids can be represented in terms of heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Magnetic properties demonstrate the response of a material to the application of a magnetic field. For optical properties, the stimulus is electro- magnetic or light radiation; index of refraction and reflectivity are representative optical properties. Finally, deteriorative characteristics indicate the chemical reactivity of materials.In addition to structure and properties, two other important components are involved in the science and engineering of materials, viz. ‘‘processing’’and ‘‘performance.’’With regard to the relationships of these four components, the structure of a material will depend on how it is processed. 微观的// 宏观的deformation// 变形deteriorative//破坏（老化的）elastic modulus 弹性模量strength //强度；dielectric constant介电常数；heat capacity 热容量refraction。
化工专业英语
H2SO3 sulfurous acid
HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrous acid HPO3 metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸
3. Nomenclature of bases （碱的命名）
元素名称 + hydroxide
NaOH sodium hydroxide KOH potassium hydroxide
H3O＋ hydronium ion
1.2. Names of Anions（阴离子的命名）
1.2.1 monatomic anions (单原子阴离子)： 以-ide结尾
H－ hydride ion (H: hydrogen)
O2 oxide ion (O: oxygen)
N3 nitride ion (N: nitrogen)
旧的方法: 用bi-前缀来表示：HSO4－ bisulfate ion
HCO3 bicarbonate ion
2. Nomenclature of Acids （酸的命名）
2.1 无氧酸 (即阴离子以-ide结尾的酸)
前缀hydro- + 元素名称 + 后缀-ic acid
HCl hydrochloric acid
•Silicon 铝•G[ deʒrəm:'maeniniuiəmm (]锗)
• • •
Potassium • Rubidium (铷) Cesium (铯) •
Strontium (锶)
[ 'strɔntiəm ]
Barium (钡)
•Gallium (镓) •Tin 锡 •Indium (铟) •Lead 铅 •Thallium (铊)
《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译Unit 2 Research and Development
Unit 2 Research and Development研究和开发Research and development, or R&D as it is commonly referred to, is an activity which is carried out by all sectors of manufacturing industry but its extent varies considerably, as we will see shortly. Let us first understand, or at least get a feel for, what the terms mean. Although the distinction between research and development is not always clear-cut, and there is often considerable overlap, we will attempt to separate them. In simple terms research can be thought of as the activity which produces new ideas and knowledge whereas development is putting those ideas into practice as new process and products. To illustrate this with an example, predicting the structure of a new molecule which would have a specific biological activity and synthesizing it could be seen as research whereas testing it and developing it to the point where it could be marketed as a new drug could be described as the development part.研究和开发，或通常所称R&D是制造业各个部门都要进行的一项活动。
化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(D-I)2
化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(D-I)2- -dual gravity valve 双比重阀duboisine 天仙子胺ductility 延性ductilometer 拉伸度仪dulcin 对乙氧基苯脲dulcitol 卫矛醇dull finish 消光dull surface 无光面dulong petit's law 杜珀二氏定律duma's method 杜马斯法duplet 电子偶duplex printing 双面复合印花durability 耐久性duralumin 硬铝durene 杜烯duriron 杜里龙高硅钢durometer 硬度计durometer hardness 硬度计硬度dust chamber 除尘器dust coal 粉煤dust collector 除尘器dust powder 木炭粉dust sampler 粉尘采样器dust separator 除尘分离器dye 染料dye laser 染料激光器dyeing 染色dyeing assistant 染色辅助剂dyeing equilibrium 染色平衡dyeing power 染色力dyeing speed 上染速度dyestuff 染料dyestuff chemistry 染料化学dynameter 倍率计dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡dynamic isomerism 动态异构性dynamic modulus 动态模量dynamic pressure 动压dynamic viscosity 动态粘度dynamics 动力学dynamite 达纳炸药dypnone 缩二苯乙酮dysprosium 镝dysprosium bromide 溴化镝dysprosium carbonate 碳酸镝dysprosium chloride 氯化镝dysprosium hydroxide 氢氧化镝dysprosium nitrate 硝酸镝dysprosium oxide 氧化镝dysprosium oxychloride 氯氧化镝dysprosium phosphate 磷酸镝dysprosium sulfate 硫酸镝dystectic mixture 高熔混合物dystectic point 高熔点e bond e 键early strength cement 早强水泥earth acids 土酸类earth color 矿物颜料earth metals 土金属earth wax 木炭earthenware 陶器earthy humus 土状腐殖质ebonite 硬橡胶ebulliometer 酒精沸点计;沸点测定器ebullioscopic constant 沸点升高常数ebullioscopic method 沸点升高法ebullition 沸腾ecdysone 蜕化素ecgonine 芽子碱echelon grating 梯式格子eclipsing effect 重叠效应economizer 省煤器eddy 涡流eddy conductivity 涡寥导性eddy current 涡电流eddy viscosity 涡脸度edeleanu process 爱德林精炼法edestin 麻仁球蛋白edge runner 轮碾机edible fat 食用脂edible oil 食用油edison storage battery 爱迪生蓄电池editcoal gas 煤气editcyclotron 回旋加速器editmetallized carbon filament 金属化碳丝editmethacrylate resin 甲基丙烯酸尸editnitroglycerin 硝化甘油editpaint film 漆膜editpotassium cyanide 氰化钾editpour point 晶出点editsteric hindrance 立体阻碍editthixotropic gel 触变胶体edittrialkyl chlorosilane 三烷基氯硅烷editwater purification unit 净水设备edman degradation technique 埃德曼降解技术effect of extension 延伸效应effective angle 有效角effective area 有效面积effective collision number 有效碰撞数effective half life 有效半衰期effective head 有效扬程effective permeability 有效渗透率effective power 有效功率effective quantum number 有效量子数effective resistance 有效抵抗effective thermal conductivity 有效热传导率effective value 有效值effervescence 发泡efficiency 效率efficiency of dust collection 除尘效率efficiency of rectification tower 精馏塔效率efflorescence 风化effluent 瘤物efflux velocity 瘤速度efflux viscometer 瘤式粘度计effusiometer 打散计effusion 喷出effusive rock 喷出岩egg albumin 卵清蛋白egg white 蛋白egg yolk 蛋黄ehrlich's reagent 欧利布试剂eicosane 廿烷eicosanoic acid 花生酸eigen energy 本哲eigenfunction 本寨数eigenvalue 本盏eikonogen 显影剂einstein bohr equation 爱因斯坦玻尔方程einstein condensation 爱因斯坦凝聚einstein diffusion equation 爱因斯坦扩散方程einstein photochemical equivalenct law 爱因斯坦光化当量定律einstein photoelectric law 爱因斯坦光电定律einstein planck law 爱因斯坦普朗克定律einstein's equation for specific heat 爱因斯坦比热方程einstein's viscosity equation 爱因斯坦粘度方程式einsteinium 锿ejector 喷射器ejector condenser 喷射式冷凝器eka cesium 类铯eka element 待寻元素eka iodine 类碘eka tantalum 类钽elaeolite 脂光石elaeometer 油脂比重计elaeosacchara 油糖剂elaidic acid 反油酸elaidin 反油酸精elaidin test 反油酸检验elaidinization 反油酸转位elastase 弹性蛋白酶elastic aftereffect 弹性后效elastic body 弹性体elastic collision 弹性碰撞elastic constant 弹性常数elastic deformation 弹性变形elastic force 弹性力elastic gum 弹性胶elastic hysteresis 弹性滞后elastic limit 弹性极限elastic medium 弹性介质elastic modulus 弹性系数elastic recovery 弹性复原elastic rubber 弹性胶elasticity 弹性elastin 弹性硬朊elastomer 弹性体elastometer 弹性计elastoviscometer 弹性粘度计elastoviscometry 弹性粘度测量法elaterometer 气体密度计elatrometry 气体密度测量法elbs reaction 埃尔布斯反应electret 驻极体electric analysis 电分析法electric arc furnace 电弧炉electric calorimeter 电热量计electric charge 电荷electric conductivity 导电率electric conductor 导体electric current 电流electric desalting 电脱盐electric detonator 电爆管electric discharge 放电electric double layer 双电层electric drying apparatus 电干燥机electric dust precipitator 电集尘器electric energy 电能electric field 电场electric furnace 电炉electric heater 电热器electric heating 电热electric insulation 电绝缘electric potential 电位electric power 电力electric precipitation 电力沉淀electric resistance 电阻electric resistance furnace 电阻炉electric resistance manometer 电阻压力计electric resistance thermometer 电阻温度计electric susceptibility 电极化率electric thermostat 电热恒温器electric welding 电焊electrical carbonization 电法炼焦electrical dispersion 电分散法electrical property 电性质electroactive substance 电活性物质electroanalysis 电分析electrocapillarity 电毛细现象electrocapillary curve 电毛细管曲线electrocast brick 电熔耐火砖electrocasted refractories 电炉熔铸耐火物electrocasting 电铸electrocatalysis 电催化酌electroceramics 电陶瓷electrochemical cell 蓄电池electrochemical corrosion 电化学腐蚀electrochemical equivalent 电化当量electrochemical industry 电化工业electrochemical passivation 电化钝化electrochemical polarization 电化极化electrochemical process 电化法electrochemical protection 电化学防腐法electrochemical reaction 电化学反应electrochemical series 电化序electrochemistry 电化学electrochromatography 电气色层法electrocoagulation 电凝聚electroconductive glass 电导玻璃electrocyclic reaction 电环化反应electrode 电极electrode potential 电极势electrode process 电极过程electrode reaction 电极反应electrodecantation 电倾析electrodeposition 电极沉积electrodeposition analysis 电沉积分析electrodialysis 电渗析electroexplosive 电起爆炸药electrofocusing 等电点聚焦electroforming 电铸electrogeochemistry 电地球化学electrogravimetric analysis 电重量分析electrohydrometry 电液体比重测量法electrokinetic phenomena 界面电动学现象electrokinetic potential 界面动电势electroluminescence 电致发光electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质electrolytic aluminium 电解铝electrolytic analysis 电解分析electrolytic analysis apparatus 电解分析装置electrolytic bath 电解槽electrolytic bleaching 电解漂白electrolytic cell 电解槽electrolytic cleaning 电解清洗electrolytic condenser 电解质电容器electrolytic copper 电解铜electrolytic degreasing 电解去油electrolytic dissociation 电离electrolytic dissociation constant 电离常数electrolytic extraction 电解萃取electrolytic hardening 电解硬化electrolytic oxidation 电解氧化electrolytic polarization 电解极化electrolytic polishing 电解研磨electrolytic rectifier 电解整流electrolytic reduction 电解还原electrolytic refining 电解精炼electrolytic solution 电解溶液electrolytical surface treatment 电表面处理electrolytics 电解学electromagnet 电磁铁electromagnetic field 电磁场electromagnetic flowmeter 电磁量计electromagnetic gas analyzer 电磁气分析计electromagnetic induction 电磁感应electromagnetic oscillograph 电磁式示波器electromagnetic separation 电磁分离electromagnetic separator 电磁分离器electromagnetic wave 电磁波electromerism 电子异构electrometallurgy 电冶金学electrometer 电位计electrometer tube 电表管electrometric titration 电滴定electromigration 电迁移法electromotive force 电动势electron 电子electron affinity 电子亲合势electron beam 电子束electron capture 电子俘获electron cloud 电子云electron configuration 电子构型electron density 电子密度electron diffraction 电子衍射electron donor 电子供体electron emission 电子发射electron exchange 电子交换electron exchange resin 电子交换尸electron gas 电子气electron lattice interaction 电子点阵相互酌electron microscope 电子显微镜electron orbit 电子轨道electron oxidation reduction resin 电子交换尸electron pair 电子对electron pair bond 电子对键electron probe microanalysis 电子探针微量分析electron rays 电子束electron redox resin 电子交换尸electron shell 电子壳electron spectroscopy 电子能谱术electron transfer reaction 电子转移反应electron transport 电子转移electron transport system 电子传递体系electron tube 电子管electron volt 电子伏特electronegative element 阴电性元素electronegativity 电负度electronic charge 电子电荷electronic computer 电子计算机electronic conduction 电子传导electronic friction 电子摩擦electronic galvanometer 电子管检疗electronic oscillator 电子振荡器electronic polarization 电子极化electronic self balancing type recorder 电子自动平衡记录器electronic structure of molecule 分子的电子结构electronic tube glass 真空管玻璃electronic voltmeter 电子伏特计electronics 电子学electroosmosis 电渗透electrophilic agent 亲电子试剂electrophilic reaction 亲电子反应electrophilic rearrangement 亲电子换位electrophoresis 电泳electrophoresis apparatus 电泳器electrophoretic effect 电泳效应electrophotography 电照相术electroplating 电镀electropositive element 阳电性元素electropositive potential 阳电势electroscope 验电器electrosol 电溶胶electrostatic field 静电场electrostatic induction 静电感应electrostatic potential 静电势electrostatic separator 静电选矿机electrostatic valence rule 静电价规则electrostenolysis 细孔隔膜电解electrotechnical porcelain 电瓷electrothermic industry 电热工业electrothermics 电热学electrovalence 离子价electrowinning 电解沉积element 元素elementary analysis 元素分析elementary charge 电子电荷elementary particle 基本粒子elementary reaction 基本反应elemi 榄香脂eleolite 霞石eleolite syenite 霞石正长岩eleostearic acid 桐酸elevation of boiling point 沸点升高elgin extractor 埃尔金萃取器elimination reaction 消除反应ellagic acid 花烯ellipsometry 椭圆光度法elongation percentage 伸长率eluate 洗出液eluent 洗脱液elution 洗提elution analysis 淘析分析elution constant 淋洗常数elution curve 淘析曲线elutriation 淘析elutriator 淘析器emagram 埃玛图eman 埃曼emanation 射气emerald 纯绿宝石emerald green 巴黎绿emery 金刚砂emery cloth 研磨砂布emery paper 砂纸emery wheel 金刚砂轮emetine 依米丁emetine hydrochloride 盐酸依米丁emission flame photometry 发射火焰光度法emission spectroanalysis 发射光谱分析emission spectrochemical analysis 发射光谱分析emission spectrum 放射光谱emission standard 排出标准emissivity 放射率empire cloth 绝缘丝布empirical formula 实验式empirical rule 经验定则emulgator 乳化剂emulsification 乳化emulsification test 乳化试验emulsifier 乳化剂emulsifying agent 乳化剂emulsin 苦杏仁酶emulsion 乳浊液emulsion breaking 反乳化emulsion cleaner 乳状洗涤剂emulsion paint 乳胶状漆emulsion polymerization 乳浊聚合emulsoid 乳胶体enamel 搪瓷enamel paint 瓷漆enamel paper 加工印刷纸enameled paper 蜡图纸enameling furnace 搪瓷窑enamine 烯胺enanthaldehyde 庚醛enanthic acid 庚酸enantiomorphic crystal 对映晶体enantiomorphous 对映的enantiomorphy 对映现象enantiotropy 互变现象enargite 硫砷铜矿end absorption 末端吸收end cell 端电池end group 末端基end group measurement 端基测定end point 终点end point correction 终点修正end point error 终点误差end product 最终产品endless belt 环状带endo 桥endo enzyme 内酵素endo form 春孢型endocyclic double bond 桥环双键endonuclease 核酸内切酶endopeptidase 肽链内切酶endosmosis 内渗endosulfan 板硫烷endothermic 吸热的endothermic compound 吸热化合物endothermic reaction 吸热反应endoxan 安道生endrin 异狄氏剂energy 能energy band 能带energy gap 能隙energy ionization 电离能energy level 能级energy metabolism 能量代谢energy momentum tensor 能量动量张量energy quantum 能量子enfleurage 花香的提取engine distillate 发动泼轻油engine oil 机油engineering 工程engineering unit 工程单位engler distillation 断蒸馏engler distillation test 断蒸馏试验engler flask 断长颈馏瓶engler viscometer 断粘度计enol 烯醇enol form 烯醇式enol keto tautomerism 烯醇酮互变异构现象enolase 烯醇酶enolate anion 烯醇阴离子enolization 烯醇化enriched uranium 浓缩铀enriched water gas 富水煤气enriching column 富集柱enthalpimetric analysis 热焓分析enthalpy 焓entner doudoroff pathway 抖攀咸墙馔揪恩entrainment 雾沫夹带entropy 熵entropy elasticity 熵弹性envelope 包晶environmental capacity 环境容量environmental science 环境科学environmental standard 环境标准enzyme 酶enzyme chemistry 酵素化学enzyme inhibition 酶抑制enzyme repression 酶阻遏enzyme unit 酶单位enzymology 酶学eosin 伊经eosine 曙红钠ep lubricant ep 润滑剂ephedrine 麻黄碱epiandrosterone 表雄甾酮epichlorohydrin 表氯醇epichlorohydrine 氯甲代氧丙环epimer 差向异构体epimerase 表异构酶epimerization 差向异构酌epinephrine 肾上腺素epitaxy 取向生长epoxidation 环氧化epoxide 环氧化物epoxy compound 环氧化合物epoxy group 环氧基epoxy resin 环氧尸epoxy resin varnish 环氧尸清漆epsom salt 淘利盐epsomite 淘利盐equalizing line 均衡管equation of state 状态方程equatorial bond 平伏键equiatomic 等原子的equidensity technique 等密度法equilibrium 平衡equilibrium concentration 平衡浓度equilibrium constant 平衡常数equilibrium moisture content 平衡湿量equilibrium ratio 平衡比equilibrium solubility 平衡溶解度equilibrium state 平衡状态equimolecular mixture 等分子混合物equipartition 均分equipment 装置equipotential surface 等势面equivalence 等价equivalence point 当量点equivalent 当量equivalent concentration 规定浓度equivalent conductivity 当量电导equivalent nuclei 等效核equiviscous temperature 等粘温度erbium 铒erbium chloride 氯化铒erbium hydroxide 氢氧化铒erbium nitrate 硝酸铒erbium oxalate 草酸铒erbium oxide 氧化铒erbium sulfate 硫酸铒erbon 抑草蓬erepsin 肠肽酶ereptase 肠蛋白酶ergobasine 麦角巴生ergocalciferol 麦角钙化甾醇ergocornine 麦角柯宁碱ergocristine 麦角日亭ergocryptine 麦角环肽ergodic hypothesis 遍历假设ergometrine 麦角新碱ergosine 麦角僧ergosterol 麦角甾醇ergotamine 麦角胺ergotinine 麦角亭宁ergotoxine 麦角毒eriochrome black t 羊毛铬黑t eriodictyol 毛纲草酚erlenmeyer flask 锥瓶erlenmeyer synthesis 厄伦美厄合成erosion 腐蚀erosiveness 侵蚀性error 误差error of sampling 取样误差erucic acid 瓢儿菜油酸erucic amide 芥酸胺erucyl alcohol 瓢儿菜醇erythrene 刺桐烯erythrite 钴华erythritol 赤藓醇erythrocruorin 无脊椎动物血红蛋白erythrocyte 红血球erythrodextrin 红糊精erythroidine 刺桐定erythrose 赤藓糖erythrosine 赤藓红erythrulose 赤藓酮糖escaping tendency 逃逸瞧eschka mixture 埃斯卡混合融剂esculin 七叶灵eserine 毒扁豆碱esparto wax 梧牙草蜡essential amino acid 必需氨基酸essential fatty acid 必需脂肪酸essential oil 精油ester 酯ester gum 酯屎ester interchange 相互酯化ester of fatty acid 脂肪酸酯ester value 酯化值esterase 酯酶esterification 酯化estersil 硅酯estradiol 雌二醇estragole 草蒿脑estragon oil 龙蒿油estrane 雌烷estriol 雌三醇estrone 雌素酮etard reaction 埃塔反应etch pit 腐蚀斑etching 腐蚀etching figure 蚀像etching ground 腐蚀涂料etching ink 腐蚀墨水ethanal 乙醛ethane 乙烷ethanedioic acid 草酸ethanethiol 乙硫醇ethanol 乙醇ethanolamine 乙醇胺ethene 乙烯ethenol 乙烯醇ethephon 乙烯利ether 醚ether extract 乙醚抽出物etherification 醚化ethion 乙硫磷ethionamide 乙硫磷酰胺ethionine 乙硫氨酸ethisterone 妊娠素ethohexadiol 乙基己二醇ethoxide 乙醇盐ethoxybenzene 乙氧基苯ethoxylation 乙氧基化ethyl abietate 松香酸乙酯ethyl acetate 乙酸乙酯ethyl alcohol 乙醇ethyl benzoate 苯酸乙酯ethyl butyrate 丁酸乙酯ethyl caprate 癸酸乙酯ethyl carbonate 碳酸乙酯ethyl cellulose 乙基纤维素ethyl chloride 氯乙烷ethyl cyanide 乙基氰ethyl ether 乙醚ethyl formate 甲酸乙酯ethyl group 乙基ethyl iodide 碘乙烷ethyl isobutyrate 异丁酸乙酯ethyl isocyanate 异氰酸乙酯ethyl lactate 乳酸乙酯ethyl laurate 十二酸乙酯ethyl malonate 乙基丙二酸酯ethyl methacrylate 甲基丙烯酸乙酯ethyl nitrate 硝酸乙酯ethyl oleate 油酸乙酯ethyl oxide 氧化乙烷ethyl phenyl ketone 苯丙酮ethyl salicylate 水杨酸乙酯ethyl sulfoxide 乙基亚砜ethyl thioether 乙硫醚ethylacetylene 乙基乙炔ethylamine 乙胺ethylate 乙醇盐ethylation 乙基化ethylbenzene 苯乙烷ethylcyclohexane 乙基环己烷ethylene 乙烯ethylene chloride 氯化乙烯ethylene chlorohydrin 2 氯乙醇ethylene cyanohydrin 乙撑氰醇ethylene glycol 乙撑亚胺ethylene lactic acid 羟丙酸ethylene oxide 氧丙环ethylene union 烯键ethylenediamine 乙二胺ethylenic linkage 烯键ethylidene chloride 乙叉二氯ethylidene lactic acid 乙叉式乳酸ethylmercaptan 乙硫醇ethylsulfuric acid 乙基硫酸ethyne 乙炔eucaine 优卡因eucalyptol 桉试eucolloid 真胶体eucryptite 锂霞石eudiometer 量气管eudiometry 气体测定法eugenol 丁子香酚euglobulin 优球蛋白euler number 欧拉数eupaverine 优帕非林europium 铕europium carbonate 碳酸铕europium chloride 三氯化铕europium hydroxide 氢氧化铕europium nitrate 硝酸铕europium oxide 氧化铕eutectic 共晶eutectic alloy 低共熔合金eutectic mixture 共晶混合物eutectic point 共融点eutectic temperature 共融温度evacuation 排空evaporating dish 蒸发皿evaporation 蒸发evaporation losses 蒸发损失evaporation residue 蒸发残渣evaporation to dryness 蒸干evaporator 蒸发器evt 等粘温度exact differential 恰当微分exaltation 超加折射exaltone 环十五烷酮excess air 过量空气excessive pressure 超压exchange adsorption 交换吸附exchange current 互换流exchange energy 交换能量exchange equilibrium constant 交换平衡常数exchange force 交换力exchange group 交换基exchange integral 交换积分exchange interaction 交换相互酌exchange reaction 交换反应excimer 受澈二聚物exciplex 激态络合物excitation 激励excitation potential 激励电位excitation purity 激发纯度excited state 激励状态exciton 激子excluded volume effect 已占体积效应exfoliation 剥落exhaust fan 排风机exhaust gas 废气exhaust steam 废蒸气exhauster 排风机exhaustion point 消耗点exocyclic double bond 环外双键exon 外显子exonuclease 核酸外切酶exopeptidase 外肽酶exosmosis 外渗exotherm 放热曲线exothermic 产热的exothermic compound 放热化合物exothermic reaction 放热反应exotic atom 异原子exotic fuels 高热值燃料expanded clay 膨胀粘土expanded plastics 泡沫塑料expander 膨胀器expansion 膨胀expansion coefficient 膨胀系数expansion ratio 膨胀比expansion system 膨胀系expansive cement 膨胀水泥expansivity 膨胀系数expectation value 期待值experiment 实验experimental chemistry 实验化学experimental error 实验误差experimental fact 实验事实explosion limits 爆炸极限explosion pipet 爆炸球管explosion wave 爆炸波explosive chain reaction 爆炸链锁反应explosive compound 爆炸化合物explosive mixture 爆炸混合物explosive oxidizer 炸药的氧化剂explosive spark 爆炸火花explosive substance 爆炸物exposure meter 露光计exposure time 曝光时间extender 增量剂extender pigment 体质颜料extensibility 伸长性extension 延伸extension modulus 伸长模量extension ratio 伸长比extensive property 外延性质extensive variable 外延变量external corrosion 外部腐蚀external indicator 外指示剂external waviness 表面波纹external work 外功extinction coefficient 吸光系数extract 萃取物extract liquor 萃取液extractability 萃取率extractant 提取剂extracting reagent 提取剂extraction 萃取extraction battery 萃取崎extraction method 抽出法extraction photometric method 提取光度法extraction rate 提取速度extraction system 抽提系统extractive crystallization 抽提结晶extractive distillation 提取蒸馏extractor 萃取器extraordinary ray 非常光线extrapolation 外插法extreme environment 极限环境extreme pressure lublicating oil 极压润滑油extreme value 极值extremum 极值extruded article 压出制品extruder 挤出机extrusion 挤压压出extrusion molding 挤压成形exudation 渗出eyepiece 目镜f acid f 酸f distribution f 分布fabric 织物fabric filler 织物填料fabrication 制造face centered cubic lattice 面心立方晶格facet 面factice 油膏factor 因数factorial design 因子设计factorial development 系数显影法factory test 工厂试验facultative anaerobe 嫌气性细菌fadeometer 褪色计fahrenheit scale 华氏温标fall velocity 沉降速度falling ball viscometer 落球粘度计falling drop method 落滴法falling rate drying 降速率干燥false setting 异常凝固fan 风扇fan belt 风扇皮带farad 法拉faraday constant 法拉第常数faraday effect 法拉第效应faraday's law of electrolysis 法拉第电解定律farinometer 面粉谷胶测定器farnesol 法呢醇fashioning 成形fast color 不褪色颜色fast powder 高速炸药fastness 坚牢度fastness test 坚牢度试验fastness to rubbing 耐摩擦坚牢度fastness to water 耐水性fat 脂肪fat and oil 油脂。
化工专业英语全解
5
Bulk chemical industry: 大化工
Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes
The segment is normally taken to include~~~~.
9
These are used by industries that need the liquid sodium, mainly in the production of tetra-alkyl lead petroleum additives, though the petroleum additive companies are diversifying and other uses may appear.
The industry will move more to serving the rest of the chemical industry and less to serving the farming industry.
工业将趋向于效劳化学工业的其余局部，而不是农业。
Another threat is the perceived environmental messiness of many large-scale
Extent of branching: 支链长度 Crossing-linking: 交联
Random copolymer: 无规共聚物 Alternating copolymer:交替共聚物 Block copolymer: 嵌段共聚物
Multiply: 增加
同一聚合物根据最终的应用有许多不同级别，例如说，不同的分子量、分子量分布、 支链长度、交联等等，当考虑到共聚物时〔无规共聚物，交替共聚物，嵌段共聚物〕， 这些级别还会增加。
化工专业英语第二篇翻译
The Anatomy of a Chemical Manufacturing Process 化工生产过程构成The basic components of a typical chemical process(n过程;步骤;方法;工艺,vt 加工;处理) are shown in Fig.1, in which each block represents a stage in the overall process for producing a product from the raw materials. Fig.1 represents a generalized(无显著特点的,一般的) process; not all the stages(步骤;阶段) will be needed for any particular(特定的) process and the complexity of each stage will depend on the nature of the process. Chemical engineering design is concerned with the selection and arrangement（排列；安排）of the stages, and the selection, specification and design of the equipment required to perform(演出；执行；完成任务) the stage functions.典型的化学工艺的基本构成示于图1., 在此图中，每一个方框表示从原料到加工成产品的全过程中的一个步骤。
图1所示只是一般的情况，对于一个特定的工艺来说并非所有的步骤都是必需的，而且每一个步骤的复杂程度取决于生产过程的性质。
化工设计所关注的是各步骤的选择与安排，以及完成各步骤的任务所需设备的选择、说明和设计。
化工专业英语
化学生物理工学院
崔洪涛
化工英语阅读
Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes Bulk chemical industry: 大化工
The segment is normally taken to include~~~~. 氯碱工业包括～～～。 Ever since:从那时到现在 自从
化学生物理工学院
崔洪涛
化工英语阅读
In turn: 依次，轮流 Sort out: 挑选出，理清 继续 解决
化学生物理工学院
崔洪涛
化工英语阅读
Unit 9 Polymer refer to sb. [sth.] as:称某人[物]为 Convention:习俗, 惯例 Bulk polymer:本体聚合物 Coil: 线圈 sweep out：扫掉、清除 Make up: 组成 Aliphatic：脂肪族的 Aromatic：芳香族的 Elastomer: 人造橡胶 Liability：责任, 义务 Sparingly:节俭地, 保守地 占据
化学生物理工学院
崔洪涛
化工英语阅读
Readily：容易地 Brine:盐水 Limestone:石灰石 Ready:有准备的 准备完毕的, 甘心的, 情愿的, 现成的 迅速的 有准备的, 现成的, 有准备的 Complex:复杂,合成物,络合物,联合企业 联合企业 Laid down over geological time by various marine organisms. Laid down (Lay down): 放下 Geological time: time:地质时期 Over:在...期间, 在...时间内 在一段地质时期内由海洋生物形成的。 About 40% of the output of the lime industry goes into steel-making, where it is Used to react with the refractory silica present in iron ore to give a fluid slag which Floats to the surface and is easily separated from the liquid metal. 大约40%的石灰工业的产出投入到钢铁的制造中，它被用来和铁矿石中的高熔点的 氧化硅反应形成液渣浮到液体金属的表面并被容易的分离出来。 形成
化工专业英语
At the very least: 一点， 丝毫(加强语气) Boom and bust: ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้时性繁荣； 经济繁荣与萧条的交替循环
参考译文 基础化学品是化学工业的弃儿。 他们不像药品那样引人注目 ， 而且时常无利可图
(在经济繁荣与萧条的不可预测的交替循环中， 利润很少) 。 它们不被公众直接应用， 因此其 重要性通常不被理解。 即使在(化学) 工业内部， 它们的重要性通常也得不到充分的理解。 然 而， 如果没有它们， 其它工业则无法存在。
参考译文:基础化学工业的工作就是找到把原材料转化成有用中间体 的经济方法。对任何公司来说为他们的产品升值都很少有回旋的余地。 因此， 以最低成本生产的公司才可能取得最大的利润。 这种情况意 味着公司必须时刻注意寻找新的和更为经济的方法去制造和转化原材 料。
Many basic chemicals are the products of oil refining, while parts of the industry--the sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorus and chloro-alkali industries--put elements other than carbon and hydrogen into chemicals. In combination, these products and the basic products of the petrochemical industry can be combined to produce the myriad （无数的）of important chemicals that feed the rest of the chemical industry.
化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(j-o)2
化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(J-O)2- -maximum current 最大电流maximum deflection 最大偏转maximum effective work 最大有效功maximum fiber stress 最大纤维应力maximum flexural strength 最大抗挠强度maximum load 最大负荷maximum output 最高产率maximum permissible dose 最大允许剂量maximum phenomenon 极大现象maximum suppressor 畸峰抑制剂maximum thermometer 最高温度计maximum wave 极大波maximum work 最大功maxivalence 最高价maxwell boltzmann statistics 麦克斯韦玻耳兹曼统计maxwell boltzmann's law of energy distribution 麦克斯韦玻耳兹曼能量分布定律maxwell boltzmann's law of velocity distribution 麦克斯韦玻尔兹曼速度分配定律mazout 重油meal 粉状物mean activity 平均活度mean boiling point 平均沸点mean degree of polymerization 平均聚合度mean deviation 平均偏差mean dispersion 平均分散mean error 平均误差mean free path 平均自由程mean life 平均寿命mean temperature difference 均温差mean value 平均值measurable set 可测集measurement 测定measurement deviation 测定偏差measurement error 测量误差measurement of molecular weight 分子量测定measurement of radioactivity 放射能测定measuring 测定measuring accuracy 测量精度measuring apparatus 计量仪器measuring bottle 量瓶measuring cylinder 量筒measuring flask 量瓶measuring glass 量杯measuring instrument 计量仪器measuring pipet 莫尔吸量管measuring tank 量槽mecazine 密哌嗪mechanical draft 机械通风mechanical energy 机械能mechanical equivalent of heat 热功当量mechanical impedance 机械阻抗mechanical mixture 机械混合物mechanical properties 机械性能mechanical pulp 机碎木浆mechanical rectifier 机械整流mechanical scrubber 机械滤净器mechanical test 机械试验mechanical weathering 机械风化mechanization 机械化mechanochemistry 机械化学meconic acid 袂康酸meconine 袂康宁meconium 鸦片mediasilicic rock 中硅质岩medical chemistry 医化学medical durable yeast 医药耐久酵母medicated soap 药用皂medium 介质medium boiler 中沸溶剂medium oil 中油medium oil varnish 中油清漆medium tone 中间色调meker burner 梅克尔灯melamine 蜜胺melamine resin 蜜胺尸melamine resin varnish 三聚氰胺尸清漆melanin 黑素melanogen 黑素原melibiase 蜜二糖酶melibiose 蜜二糖melinite 苦味酸melissic acid 蜂花酸melissyl alcohol 蜂花醇melitose 棉子糖mellic acid 苯六酸mellitate 苯六甲酸酯mellophanic acid 苯偏四甲酸melt 溶融物melt spinning 熔体纺丝melt spinning device 熔融纺丝装置melt viscosity 熔解粘度melting 熔融melting heat 熔化热melting method 熔融法melting point 熔点melting point diagram 熔点线图melting zone 熔化带membrane 隔膜membrane electrode 膜电极membrane equilibrium 膜平衡membrane filter 薄膜过滤器membrane potential 膜电位membrane simulation 膜模拟memory 存储器menadiole 甲萘二酚menadione 甲萘醌mendelev periodic law of elements 门捷列夫元素周期律mendelevium 钔meniscus 弯液面menshutkin reaction 门秀金反应menthadiene 薄荷二烯menthane 薄荷烷menthol 薄荷醇menthone 薄荷酮menthyl acetate 三萜醇乙酸酯mepazine 密哌嗪mephobarbital 普罗米那mephosfolan 二噻磷meralluride 汞鲁来merbromin 汞溴红mercaptal 缩硫醛mercaptan 硫醇mercaptide 硫醇盐mercaptobenzothiazole 巯基苯并噻唑mercaptoethanol 巯基乙醇mercaptol 缩硫醇mercaptopurine 巯基嘌呤mercaptothiazoline 巯基噻唑啉mercerization 丝光处理mercerizing assistant 丝光加工助剂mercerizing machine 丝光处理机mercocresol 汞甲酚剂mercuration 汞化mercurial barometer 水银气压计mercurial column 水银柱mercurial ointment 汞制油膏mercuric arsenate 砷酸汞mercuric chloride 氯化正汞mercuric compound 正汞化合物mercuric cyanide 氰化汞mercuric fluoride 氟化汞mercuric nitrate 硝酸汞mercuric oleate 油酸汞mercuric oxide 氧化汞mercuric oxide electrode 氧化汞电极mercuric salt 正汞盐mercuric stearate 硬脂酸汞mercuric sulfate 硫酸汞mercuric sulfide 硫化汞mercurimetric titration 汞液滴定法mercurimetry 汞液滴定法mercurochrome 汞溴红mercurol 核酸汞mercurometric titration 亚汞滴定法mercurometry 亚汞滴定法mercurous nitrate 硝酸亚汞mercurous salt 亚汞盐mercury 汞mercury arc rectifier 汞汽整流mercury bridge 水银电桥mercury cathode cell 汞阴极电池mercury cell 水银电池mercury chloride 氯化汞mercury cyanide 氰化汞mercury electrode 水银电极mercury fulminate 雷酸汞mercury iodide 碘化汞mercury lamp 水银灯mercury manometer 水银压力计mercury nitrate 硝酸汞mercury oxide 氧化汞mercury pool 水银槽mercury process 水银法mercury pump 水银真空泵mercury rash 汞皮疹mercury thermometer 水银温度表mercury vapour rectifier 汞汽整流mercury volumeter 汞容积计meromyosin 酶解肌球蛋白meroplankton 暂时性浮游生物mesaconic acid 甲基反丁烯二酸mescaline 墨斯卡灵mesh 筛眼mesityl oxide 异丙叉丙酮mesitylene 均三甲基苯meso form 内消旋式mesobilirubin 中胆红素mesobilirubinogen 中胆红原mesobiliverdin 中胆绿素mesochemistry 介子化学mesocolloid 近胶体mesomeric effect 内消旋效应mesomerism 稳变异构mesomorphic phase 中间相mesomorphism 液晶态meson 介子mesophase 中间相mesorcin 均三甲苯二酚mesotartaric acid 内消旋酒石酸mesothorium 新钍mesoxalic acid 中草酸mesoxalylurea 中草酰脲messenger ribonucleic acid 信使核糖核酸meta acid 偏酸metaarsenic acid 偏砷酸metabiosis 后继共生metabolism 代谢酌metabolite 代谢物metaboric acid 偏硼酸metachemistry 超化学metachromasia 异染色metachromasy 异染色metachromatic stain 异染性染料metachromatism 变色现象metadiazine 嘧啶metaisomerism 位变异构现象metal alkyl 金属烷基metal analysis 金属分析metal arc 金属电弧metal bath 金属浴metal carbonyl 羰络金属metal cluster 金属团簇metal complex 金属络合盐metal complex dye 金属配位染料metal encased brick 铁皮砖metal film resistor 金属薄膜电阻器metal fog 金属雾metal glass 金属玻璃metal indicator 金属指示剂metal line 液面线metal mist 金属雾metal nonmetal transition 金属非金属过渡metal plating 金属镀层metal spray gun 金属喷雾器metal spraying 金属喷涂metalation 金属化metaldehyde 多聚乙醛metallic block calorimeter 金属热量计metallic bond 金属键metallic complex salt 金属络合盐metallic element 金属元素metallic luster 金属光泽metallic oxide 金属氧化物metallic paint 金属涂料metallic poison 金属毒metallic powdery pigment 金属粉末颜料metallic soap 金属皂metallic thermometer 金属温度计metallic tin 金属锡metallocene 金属茂络合物metallocycle 金属循环物metalloenzyme 金属酶metallography 金属学metalloid 类金属metalloid element 类金属元素metalloprotein 金属蛋白质metallurgical chemistry 冶金化学metallurgical coke 冶金焦metallurgical microscope 冶金显微镜metallurgy 冶金metamer 位变异构体metamerism 位变异构性metamorphic deposit 变质矿床metamorphic rock 变质岩metamorphism 变形现象metanil yellow 间胺黄metanilic acid 间氨基苯磺酸metaphosphate 偏磷酸盐metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸metaprotein 变性蛋白metasilicate 偏硅酸盐metasilicic acid 偏硅酸metastable atom 亚稳原子metastable equilibrium 亚稳定平衡metastable ion 亚稳定离子metastable phase 亚稳相metastable state 亚稳状态metastannic acid 偏锡酸metathesis 复分解metathetical salts 复分解盐meteoric iron 铁陨石meteorite 陨石meter oil 仪泼油metering pump 计量泵methabenzthiazuron 噻唑隆methacrylic acid 异丁烯酸methacrylonitrile 异丁烯腈methadone 美沙酮methallyl alcohol 甲代烯丙醇methanal 甲醛methane 甲烷methanoic acid 甲酸methanol 甲醇methanolysis 甲醇分解methanthiol 甲硫醇methemoglobin 正铁血红蛋白methene 甲叉methidathion 杀扑磷methide 甲基化物methionine 甲硫氨酸method of least squares 最小二乘法method of spin labeling 自旋标记法method of steady state 定常状态法method of steepest descent 最陡下降法method of substitution 取代法methoxide 甲醇盐methoxyacetic acid 甲氧基乙酸methoxybenzene 茴香醚methoxychlor 甲氧氯methoxyl group 甲氧基methyl acetate 醋酸甲酯methyl acetone 甲基丙酮methyl acrylate 丙烯酸甲酯methyl alcohol 甲醇methyl benzoate 苯甲酸甲酯methyl blue 甲基蓝methyl borate 硼酸甲酯methyl cellulose 甲基纤维素methyl chloride 甲基氯methyl ethyl diketone 乙酰丙酮methyl ethyl ketone 丁酮methyl furan 甲基呋喃methyl iodide 甲基碘methyl mercaptan 甲硫醇methyl methacrylate 甲基丙烯酸甲酯methyl myristate 十四烷酸甲酯methyl nitrate 硝酸甲酯methyl orange 甲基橙methyl parathion 甲基对硫磷methyl piperazine 甲基哌嗪methyl red 甲基红methyl rubber 甲基橡胶methyl salicylate 水杨酸甲酯methyl stearate 硬脂酸甲酯methyl vinyl ether 甲基乙烯基醚methyl vinyl ketone 甲基乙烯基酮methyl violet 甲基紫methylacetylene 丙炔methylal 甲缩醛methylallyl chloride 甲代烯丙基氯methylamine 甲胺methylate 甲醇盐methylated alcohol 甲基化酒精methylating agent 甲基化剂methylation 甲基化酌methylbenzene 甲苯methylbutynol 甲基丁炔醇methylcyclohexane 甲基环己烷;甲基溶纤剂methylcyclohexanol 甲基环己醇methylcyclohexanone 甲基环己酮methylcyclopentane 甲基环戊烷methylene 甲叉methylene blue 亚甲蓝methylene chloride 二氯甲烷methyleneaniline 亚甲基氨苯methylfumaric acid 甲基反丁烯二酸methylglyoxal 丙酮醛methylisobutylketone 甲基异丁酮methylnaphthalene 甲基萘methylol 亚甲醇methylolurea 羟甲基脲methylpentene 甲基戊烯methylphenol 甲酚methylpiperidine 哌可啉metol 米吐尔metribuzin 赛克津mezcaline 墨斯卡灵mica 云母mica capacitor 云母电容器mica condenser 云母电容器mica plate 云母板mica schist 云母片岩micaceous hematite 云母赤铁矿micaceous iron ore 云母赤铁矿micell formation 胶束形成micell weight 胶束量micellar space 胶束空间micelle 胶团michael reaction 迈克尔反应micro heterogeneity 微异质性micro porous rubber 微孔泡沫胶microanalysis 微量分析microanalytical reagent 微量分析试剂microanalyzer 微量分析器microbalance 微量天平microbattery 微电池microbe 微生物microbicide 杀菌剂microbioassay 微生物学测定法microbiological assay 微生物学测定法microbiological corrosion 微生物腐蚀microburet 微量滴定管microburner 微灯microcapsule 微胶囊microchemistry 微量化学microcoacervation 微凝聚microcolorimeter 做量比色计microcomponent 微量组分microcorrosion 微腐蚀microcosmic salt 磷盐microcrystal 微晶microcrystalline structure 微晶结构microelectrode 微电极microelectrolysis 微量电解microelement 微量元素microfilter 微量过滤器microhardness tester 显微硬度试验器microincineration 微量灰化microlite 细晶石micromanipulator 显微操阻备micrometer 测微计micrometer eyepiece 目镜测微计micron 微米micronitrometer 微氮量计micronutrient 微量养料microorganism 微生物microphotometer 显微光度计micropipet 微量吸移管micropore 微孔microporous barrier 微孔障碍microsample 微量试样microscope 显微镜microscopic analysis 显微镜分析microscopy 显微镜检查法microspectroscope 显微分光镜microstate 微观状态microstructure 微结构microthrowing power 微量布散能力microtitration 微量滴定microtome 切片机middle oil 中油middle tone 中间色调migration 迁移migration area 迁移面积migration current 迁移电流migration potential 迁移电位milk 牛奶milk fat 乳脂milk of lime 石灰乳milk of sulfur 乳硫milk powder 奶粉milk sugar 乳糖milky glass 乳白玻璃mill 磨粉机mill addition 球磨机添加物料mill grease 磨机用润滑脂milled rubber 捏炼橡胶milled soap 研制皂milliequivalent 毫当量millimol 毫克分子milling 捏炼milling machine 捏炼机milling ore 进厂矿石millon's base 米隆碱millon's reagent 米隆试剂mine air 矿井内空气mine fire 矿井内火灾mine gas 矿井内气体mine water 矿井水mineral 矿物mineral acid 无机酸mineral analysis 矿物分析mineral bath 矿泉浴mineral black 矿物黑mineral charcoal 天然木炭mineral chemistry 矿物化学mineral colloid 无机胶体mineral colza oil 重质灯油mineral deposit 矿床mineral dressing 选矿mineral dye 矿物染料mineral fertilizer 无机肥料mineral fiber 矿物纤维mineral oil 矿物油mineral pigment 矿物性颜料mineral processing 选矿mineral resin 矿物尸mineral rubber 矿物胶mineral seal oil 重质灯油mineral spirit 石油醚mineral substance 矿物质mineral water 矿泉水mineral wax 木炭mineral wool 矿棉mineralizer 矿化剂mineralogy 矿物学minimum 最小minimum content 最小含量minimum deviation 最小偏差minimum number of theoretical plates 最小理论板数minimum reflux ratio 最小回寥minimum thermometer 最低温度计minimum weight 最低重量minium 铅丹minivalence 最小化合价minor 子式mirabilite 芒硝;芒硝mirbane oil 硝基苯mirror glass 镜玻璃mirror image isomer 镜像异构体mirror point 镜像点mirror symmetry 镜面对称miscibility 混性miscibility gap 混溶隙miscible solvent 可混溶剂misfire 拒爆mispickel 砷黄铁矿mist 细雾mitomycin 丝裂霉素mix spinning 混合纺纱mixed acid 混酸mixed base crude oil 混合基原油mixed bed system 混合床系统mixed complex 混合络合物mixed cryoglobulin 混合冷沉球蛋白mixed crystal 混合晶体mixed fertilizer 混合肥料mixed gas 混合气体mixed glyceride 混酸甘油酯mixed indicator 混合指示剂mixed melting point 混合熔点mixed oxide 混合氧化物mixed paint 低涂料mixed solvent 混合溶剂mixed valence 混合原子价mixed valence complex 混合原子价复合体mixer 混合机mixing 混合mixing machine 混合机mixing mill 混合辊mixing proportion 混合比mixing ratio 混合比mixture 混合物mixture of gasoline and alcohol 汽油酒精混合剂mobile equilibrium 怜平衡mobile oil 猎油mobile phase 怜相mobility 迁移率mobilometer 淌度计model 型model enzyme 模型酵素model research 模型研究moderation 减速moderator 减速剂moderator coolant 减速冷却剂moderator lattice 慢化剂栅格modification 变态modified milk powder 改性牛奶粉modified rayon 变性人造纤维modified resin 改良尸modified wood 改性木材modifier 改良剂modifying agent 改良剂modulation 灯modulus 模数modulus of compression 压缩模量modulus of elasticity 弹性系数modulus of rupture 裂断模量mohr pipet 莫尔吸量管mohr's salt 莫尔盐mohs scale 莫氏硬度moiety 一部分moist adiabatic change 湿绝热变化moist air 湿空气moistener 润湿器moistening chamber 给湿室moisture 湿气moisture absorption 吸潮moisture ash free coal 无水无灰煤moisture barrier 防潮衬层moisture content 含水量moisture equivalent 含水当量moisture permeability 透湿性mol 克分子molal solution 克分子溶液molar absorption coeffcient 摩尔吸光系数molar concentration 克分子浓度molar conductivity 克分子电导率molar depression 分子降低molar depression of freezing point 克分子冰点降低molar elevation 克分子升高molar elevation of boiling point 摩尔沸点升高molar extinction coefficient 克分子消光系数molar fraction 克分子分数molar heat capacity 克分子热容molar polarization 分子极化molar refraction 分子折射molar rotation 克分子旋光度molar rotatory power 克分子旋光度molar solution 摩尔混液molar specific heat 摩尔比热molar susceptibility 摩尔磁化率molar volume 克分子体积molar weight 分子量molarity 克分子浓度molasses 废蜜mold 霉菌mold cure 模塑硫化mold goods 模制品mold lubricant 脱模剂mold releasing agent 脱模剂mold shrinkage 成型收缩molded laminate 模制品层压molding 模塑硫化molding plaster 塑造石膏molding powder 压塑粉molding press 造型机molding temperature 造型温度moldings 模制品mole 摩尔mole fraction 克分子分数molecular adsorption 分子吸附molecular arrangement 分子排布molecular association 分子缔合molecular asymmetry 分子不对称molecular attraction 分子引力molecular beam 分子束molecular collision 分子碰撞molecular colloid 分子胶体molecular compound 分子化合物molecular crystal 分子晶体molecular designing 分子设计molecular diagram 分子模型图molecular diffusion 分子扩散molecular dipole 分子偶极子molecular distillation 分子蒸馏molecular dynamics 分子动力学molecular elctroconductivity 分子电导率molecular evolution 分子演化molecular field 分子场molecular filter 分子过滤器molecular flexibility 分子柔性molecular force 分子力molecular formula 分子式molecular grating 分子晶格molecular heat capacity 摩尔热容molecular ion 分子离子molecular lattice 分子晶格molecular magnet 分子磁体molecular orbital 分子轨道molecular orbital method 分子轨道法molecular orientation 分子取向molecular reaction 分子反应molecular rearrangement 分子重排molecular relaxation 分子松弛molecular rotational energy 摩尔旋光能molecular rotatory power 分子旋光度molecular sieve 分子筛molecular solution 分子溶液molecular spectrum 分子光谱molecular still 分子蒸馏器molecular structure 分子结构molecular symmetry 分子对称molecular theory 分子说molecular volume 克分子体积molecular weight 分子量molecular weight determination 分子量测定molecular weight distribution curve 分子量分布曲线molecular weight distribution function 分子量分布函数molecule 分子molten slag 熔渣molten solvent 熔化溶剂molten state 熔融状态molting hormone 脱皮激素molybdate 钼酸盐molybdate orange 钼铬红molybdenite 辉钼矿molybdenum 钼molybdenum chloride 氯化钼molybdenum dioxide 二氧化钼molybdenum disulfide 二硫化钼molybdenum oxide 氧化钼molybdic acid 钼酸molybdite 钼华moment 力矩moment of inertia 惯性矩moment of momentum 动量矩momentum 动量monad 一价物monad radical 一价基monatomic 单原子的monatomicity 单原子性monazite 独居石mond gas 蒙德煤气mond process 蒙德法monoacetin 一醋精monoacidic base 一价碱monoaromatics 单芳香族化合物monoatomic molecule 单原子分子monobasic 一元的monobasic acid 一价酸monochloroacetic acid 一氯代醋酸monochlorobenzene 一氯代苯monochromatic light 单色光monochromatic temperature scale 单色温标monochromator 单色光镜monochrome 单色monoclinic sulphur 单斜硫monoclinic system 单斜晶系monodisperse sol 单分散溶胶monodisperse system 单分散系monoethanolamine 单乙醇胺monofilament 单丝monofunctional molecule 单功能分子monogenetic dyestuff 单色染料monoglyceride 甘油一酸酯monohydrate 一水化物monohydric alcohol 一元醇monolayer 单分子层monomer 单体monomer reactivity ratio 单体反应性比率monomolecular adsorption layer 单分子吸附层monomolecular film 单分子膜monomolecular layer 单分子层monomolecular membrane 单分子膜monomolecular reaction 单分子反应mononaphthene 单环烷monoolefine 单烯烃monosaccharide 单糖monose 单糖monosilane 甲硅烷monosodium glutamate 谷氨酸钠monostearin 甘油一硬脂酸酯monoterpene 单萜monotropy 单变现象monovalent 一价的monovariant equilibrium 单变平衡monovariant system 单变系monoxide 一氧化物montan wax 褐煤蜡montmorillonite 蒙脱石mooney plastometer 门尼塑度计mooney viscometer 门尼塑度计mooney viscosity 门尼粘度mordant 媒染剂mordant dye 媒染染料mordanting 媒染mordanting assistants 媒染助剂morin 桑色素morphine 吗啡morphine hydrochloride 盐酸吗啡morphine sulfate 硫酸吗啡碱morpholine 吗啉morphosan 吗啡散mortar 灰泥mosaic gold 镶嵌金mosaic structure 嵌镶结构moseley's law 摩斯利则moth proofing 防虫处理mother liquor 母液motor gasoline 动力汽油motor oil 汽车润滑油mottled paper 暗斑纸moulding machine 制模机moving bed 移动床moving bed catalytic cracking 移动床催裂化法moving bed reactor 移动床反应器moving catalyst bed 移动催化剂床moving phase 怜相mucic acid 粘酸mucilage 胶水mucin 粘液素mucin sugar 果糖mucoid 类粘蛋白muconic acid 粘康酸mucoprotein 粘蛋白mucosa 粘膜mucous fermentation 粘液发酵mucous membrane 粘膜mud 泥mud pump 泥浆泵mud removal acid 软泥除去酸mud sump 泥浆池muffle furnace 高温烘炉muffle kiln 高温烘炉mullite 莫来石mullite porcelain 莫来石质瓷mulser 乳化机multicellular glass 泡沫玻璃multicolored effect 多色染效应multicomponent distillation 多组分蒸馏multilayer adsorption 多层吸附multilayer film 多层膜multimolecular layer adsorption 多层吸附multimolecular reaction 多分子反应multinomial distribution 多项分布multiphase flow 多相流multiple bond 多重键multiple cage mill 粉碎机multiple effect evaporation 多效蒸发multiple effect evaporator 多效蒸发器multiplet 多重谱线multiplet splitting 多重线分裂multiplicity 多重性multistage compressor 多级压气机multistage pump 多级泵multivariant system 多变体系multivariate analysis 多元分析murexide 骨螺紫murexide reaction 骨螺紫反应murexide test 骨螺紫试验muriatic acid 盐酸muscarine 腐鱼毒muscone 香酮muscovite 白云母musk 香musk ketone 香酮mustard gas 芥气mustard oil 芥子油mutagen 诱变物质mutarotation 旋光改变mutton tallow 羊脂mutual exclusion rule 互斥现象则mutual induction 互感应mutual solubility 互溶度mutuality of phases 相的相互性mycoderma 菌皮myelin 髓磷脂myoglobin 肌红蛋白myokinase 肌激酶myosin 肌球朊myrcene 月桂烯myricetin 杨梅黄素myricyl alcohol 蜂花醇myristic acid 十四酸myristica oil 肉豆蔻油myrrh 没药nabam 代森钠nacre 珍珠母nacrolacquer 珍珠漆nandinine 南天竹碱napalm 凝汽油剂napalm bomb 汽油弹naphtha 石脑油naphtha cracking 石脑油裂解naphthacene 并四苯naphthaldehyde 萘醛naphthalene 萘naphthalene nucleus 萘环naphthalene oil 萘油naphthazarin 萘茜naphthenate 环烷酸盐naphthenate soap 环烷皂naphthene 环烷naphthene base crude oil 环烷基原油naphthenic acid 环酸naphthenic hydrocarbon 环烷烃naphthenic soap 环烷皂naphthionic acid 对氨基萘磺酸naphthoic acid 萘酸naphthoic aldehyde 萘醛naphthol 萘酚naphthol dye 萘酚染料naphthol green 萘酚绿naphthol phthalein 萘酸酞naphthol yellow 萘酚黄naphthology 石油科学naphtholsulfonic acid 萘酚磺酸naphthopicric acid 萘苦酸naphthoquinoline 萘喹啉naphthoquinone 萘醌naphthylamine 萘胺naples yellow 拿浦黄narceine 那碎因narcosis 麻醉narcotic 麻醉剂narcotic poison 致昏迷毒剂narcotine 那可汀narcotization 麻醉naringin 柚苷nascent hydrogen 初生氢nascent state 初生态native gold 自然金natural abrasive 天然磨料natural asphalt 天然沥青natural cement 天然水泥natural coke 天然焦natural color photography 天然色照相natural convection 自然对流natural cooling 自然冷却natural draft 自然通风natural dye 天然染料natural fiber 天然纤维natural gas 天然煤气natural gasoline 天然汽油natural graphite 天然黑铅natural heat convection 自然对粱热natural perfume 天然香料natural pigment 天然色素natural radioactivity 天然放射性natural resin 天然尸natural rubber 天然橡胶natural science 自然科学natural silk 天然丝natural soda 天然苏打nature 性质nauseants 呕吐剂navier stokes equation of motion 那维尔斯托克斯运动方程试near ultraviolet rays 近紫外线neat cement 净水泥neat soap 纯皂needle crystal 针状结晶needle valve 针阀negative 负片negative adsorption 负吸附酌negative catalysis 负催化negative catalyst 负催化剂negative colloid 阴性胶体negative effect 负效应negative electrode 阴极negative element 阴性元素negative ion 阴离子negative maximum 负极大negative plate 阴极板negative reaction 负反应negative substituent 阴性取代基neighboring group effect 邻基效应nematic liquid crystal 向列型液晶nematic phase 向列相nematic state 向列态nematocide 杀线虫剂neoarsenobenzene 新砷苯neoarsphenamine 新胂凡钠明neocupferron 新铜铁灵neodymium 钕neohexane 新己烷neomycin 新霉素neon 氖neon lamp 氖灯neopentane 新戊烷neopentyl alcohol 新戊醇neoprene 氯丁二烯橡胶neosalvarsan 新塞佛散neostigmine bromide 溴化新斯的明nepheline 霞石nepheline syenite 霞石正长岩nephelite 霞石nephelometer 比浊计nephelometric analysis 比浊法nephelometry 比浊法nephrite 软玉neptunium 镎neral 橙花醛nernst's heat theorem 能斯脱热定理nerol 橙花醇nerolidol 橙花叔醇nerolin 橙花醚nerve gas 神经毒气nerve narcotic 神经麻醉药nerve poison 神经毒剂nerve tonic 神经强壮剂nervonic acid 神经酸nesmeyanov reaction 内斯米羊诺夫反应nesosilicate 岛状硅酸盐nessler tube 奈斯勒比色管nessler's color comparison tube 奈斯勒比色管nessler's reagent 奈斯勒氏试剂net calorific value 净热值net plane 网平面net retention volume 净保留体积net weight 净重net working 网状结合network molecule 网络分子network structure 网状结构neuraminic acid 神经氨酸neurine 神经碱neurochemistry 神经化学neurokeratin 神经角蛋白neurotransmitter 神经传递介质neutral catalyst 中性催化剂neutral lipid 中性脂质neutral oxide 中性氧化物neutral point 中和点neutral potassium arsenite 中性亚砷酸钾neutral red 中性红neutral salt 中性盐neutral salt effect 中性盐效应neutral solution 中性溶液neutral species 无电荷化学种neutrality 中性neutralization 中和neutralization curve 中和曲线neutralization equivalent 中和当量neutralization indicator 中和指示剂neutralization number 中和值neutralization of waste water 废水的中和neutralization titration 中和滴定neutralization value 中和值neutralizing tank 中和槽neutrino 中微子neutron 中子neutron absorptiometry 中子吸收分析neutron absorption 中子吸收neutron activation analysis 中子活化分析neutron capture 中子俘获neutron degradation 中子减速neutron density 中子密度neutron diffraction 中子衍射。
化学化工专业英语翻译2
•Coal, petroleum and natural gas now yield their bond energies to man.煤，石油和天然气现在为人类提供各种各样的结合能。
•Salts may also be found by the replacement of hydrogen from an acid with a metal.盐也能通过用金属置换酸中的氢而获得。
•An acid was once defined as a substance that would form hydrogen ions(H+) in water solution and a base as one that would form hydroxide ions(OH-) in the same.人们曾把酸定义为在水溶液中能产生氢离子的物质，而碱则是在同样溶液中会产生氢氧根离子的物质。
•These books are packed in tens. 这些书每十本装一包。
•These products are counted by hundreds. 这些产品是成百成百计数的。
•They went out by twos and threes. 他们三三两两地出去了。
•They consulted tens of magazines. 他们查阅了几十本杂志。
•Automation helps to increase productivity hundreds of times over. 自动化使生产率提高了几百倍。
•More weight must be placed on the past history of patients. 必须更加重视患者的病史。
•The continuous process can be conducted at any prevailing pressure without release to atmospheric pressure.连续过程能在任何常用的压力下进行，而不必暴露在大气中。
化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(P-Z)2
化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(P-Z)2- -potassium persulfate 过硫酸钾potassium phosphate 磷酸钾potassium polysulfide 多硫化钾potassium primary phosphate 磷酸二氢钾potassium pyroantimonate 焦锑酸钾potassium pyrophosphate 焦磷酸钾potassium pyrosulfate 焦硫酸钾potassium rhodanide 硫氰酸钾potassium silicate 硅酸钾potassium sodium carbonate 碳酸钠钾potassium sodium tartrate 罗谢尔盐potassium sulfate 硫酸钾potassium sulfide 硫化钾potassium sulfite 亚硫酸钾potassium tartrate 酒石酸钾potassium thiocyanate 硫氰酸钾potassium thiosulfate 硫代硫酸钾potassium xanthate 黄原酸钾potato starch 马铃薯淀粉potential 势potential barrier 势垒potential difference 电势差potential energy 位能potential gradient 电势梯度potential well 势阱potentiometer 电势计potentiometric analysis 电势分析potentiometric cell 电位滴定池potentiometric titration 电势滴定potentiostatic electrolysis 静电位电解potter's clay 塑粘上pottery 陶器potting 浇灌pour point 怜点pour point depressant 降凝剂powder 粉powder metallurgy 粉末冶金powdered catalyst 粉状催化剂powdered coal 粉煤powdery yeast 粉状酵母power 力power consumption 功率消耗power factor 功率因数pozzolanic cement 火山灰水泥practical units 实用单位prandtl number 普朗特数praseodymium 镨praseodymium acetate 醋酸镨praseodymium bromate 溴酸镨praseodymium bromide 溴化镨praseodymium carbonate 碳酸镨praseodymium chloride 氯化镨praseodymium hydroxide 氢氧化镨praseodymium molybdate 钼酸镨praseodymium nitrate 硝酸镨praseodymium oxalate 草酸镨praseodymium oxychloride 氯氧化镨praseodymium selenate 硒酸镨praseodymium sesquioxide 二氧化二镨praseodymium sulfate 硫酸镨praseodymium sulfide 硫化镨precious metal 贵金属precious stone 宝石precipitability 沉淀性precipitant 沉淀剂precipitate 沉淀物precipitated barium carbonate 沉淀碳酸钡precipitated sulfur 沉淀硫precipitating agent 沉淀剂precipitation 沉淀;降水precipitation agent 沉淀剂precipitation analysis 沉淀分析precipitation membrane 沉淀膜precipitation reaction 沉降反应precipitation titration 沉淀滴定precipitation value 沉淀值precipitator 沉淀器precision 精度precision balance 精密天平precision instrument 精密仪器precleaning 预净化precooling 预冷却precure 早期硫化precursor 前驱物质predissociation 预离解predrying 预干燥pregnenolone 孕烯醇酮preheater 预热器preheating 预热preheating furnace 预热炉preheating oven 预热炉preliminary cleaning 预净化preliminary drying 预干燥preparation 制法preparation of a surface 表面处理preparative gas chromatography 制备级气相色谱法prepared paint 低涂料prepolymer 预聚合物preservation 保存preservatives 保存剂preserve hydrogen with rare earths 用稀土金属储存氢press 压机press cake 滤饼press cure 加压硫化press filter 压滤机press vulcanization 加压硫化pressed glass 压制玻璃pressed yeast 压缩酵母pressing 压制pressure 压力pressure base factor 基压系数pressure distillation 加压蒸馏pressure filtration 加压过滤pressure gage 压力计pressure loss 压力损失pressure medium 压力介质pressure regulator 压力第器pressure sensitive adhesive 压敏粘着剂pressure sensitive dye 压敏色素pressure still 加压蒸馏器pressure tank 压力罐pretreatment 预处理prevulcanization 早期硫化primary air 一次空气primary alcohol 伯醇primary amine 伯胺primary carbon atom 伯碳原子primary cell 原电池primary phase 初晶相primary salt 一代盐primary winding 初级线圈prime coat 底涂primer 底层涂料primidone 普里米酮priming coat 底涂priming paint 底层涂料priming tube 雷管primitive cell 初基胞primitive lattice 初基点阵principal axis of inertia 惯性轴principal component 知组分principal fermentation 知发酵酌principal quantum number 挚子数principal reaction 知反应principal series 值列principal valence 汁子价principle of corresponding states 对应状态原理principle of energy dissipation 能量耗散原理principle of least action 最小酌原理principle of maximum overlapping 最大重迭原则principle of superposition 迭加原理prins reaction 普林斯反应printing 印刷printing ink 印刷墨printing paper 印刷纸prism 棱镜prism for infrared ray 红外线棱镜prism spectrograph 棱镜光谱仪prismatic spectrum 棱镜光谱pristane 姥鲛烷probability 概率probability amplitude 概率幅probability density 概率密度probability distribution 概率分布probability space 概率空间probable error 概率误差procainamide 普鲁卡因胺procaine 普鲁卡因procaine base 普鲁卡因碱process 工程process analyzer 工程分析计process monitoring 工程监视process steam 加工蒸汽process variable 工艺变量processing 加工processing aid of textile 织物加工助剂producer 发生炉producer gas 发生炉煤气producer gas reaction 发生炉气体反应product 产品product of distillation 蒸馏产物production 生产production of pairs 正负电子对产生proflavine 前黄素progesterone 孕酮prolactin 促乳泌素prolamin 醇溶朊prolidase 脯肽酶proline 脯氨酸promazine 普马嗪promedol 二甲哌替啶promethazine 普鲁米近promethium 钜prominence 日珥promotor 促进剂pronamide 拿草特propadiene 丙二烯propagation 增长反应propagation rate 传播速率propanal 丙醛propane 丙烷propanoic acid 丙酸propanol 丙醇propargyl alcohol 炔丙醇propargyl bromide 炔丙基溴propargylic acid 丙炔酸propeller 螺旋桨propeller agitator 螺旋桨式搅拌器propeller stirrer 螺旋桨式搅拌器propene 丙烯proper value 本盏proper vibration 固有振动propiolic acid 丙炔酸propionaldehyde 丙醛propionamide 丙酰胺propionic acid 丙酸propionic anhydride 丙酸酐propionitrile 丙腈propiophenone 苯丙酮propolis 蜂巢腊胶proportion 比例proportional counter 正比计数管proportional intensification 比例加强proportional limit 比例极限proportional reduction 比例缩减proportioning pump 计量泵propyl acetate 醋酸丙酯propyl alcohol 丙醇propyl aldehyde 丙醛propyl bromide 丙基溴propyl chloride 丙基氯propyl gallate 没食子酸丙酯propyl mercaptan 丙硫醇propyl propionate 丙酸丙酯propyl sulfide 二丙硫propylamine 丙胺propylbenzene 丙基苯propylene 丙烯propylene glycol 丙二醇propylene oxide 环氧丙烷propylidene 亚丙烷propyliodone 丙碘酮propylthiouracil 丙硫氧嘧啶propyne 丙炔prosthetic group 辅基protactinium 镤protamine 精蛋白protease 朊酶protease inhibitor 蛋白酶抑制剂protection 保护protective action 保护酌protective agent 保护剂protective coating 保护涂层protective colloid 保护胶体protective glass 保护玻璃protective material 保护剂protective number 保护量protein 蛋白质protein biosynthesis 蛋白质的生合成protein fiber 蛋白质纤维protein metabolism 蛋白质代谢protein plastic 蛋白质塑料protein refractometer 蛋白折射计protein wave 蛋白波proteolysis 蛋白质水解proteolytic enzyme 蛋白水解酶proteose 朊间质prothoate 发果prothrombin 凝血酶原protic solvent 质子性溶剂protium 氕protocatechuic acid 原儿茶酸protolysis 光解酌proton 质子proton affinity 质子亲和力protonium 质子素protoplasm 原生质prototropy 质子移变prototype 原器原型protoveratrine 绿藜芦碱protoxide 低氧化物proustite 淡红银矿provitamin 前维生素proximate analysis 近似分析prunasin 野黑樱苷prussian blue 普鲁士蓝prussic acid 氢氰酸pseudoacid 假酸pseudoatom 伪原子pseudobase 假碱pseudocapacity 假电容pseudocatalysis 假催化pseudocolloid 假胶体pseudocomponent 假成分pseudocritical properties 伪临界性质pseudocrystal 假晶体pseudocumene 假枯烯pseudocumidine 假枯胺pseudogel 假凝胶pseudoglobulin 假球朊pseudoionone 假紫罗酮pseudoisomerism 伪同质异能性pseudomerism 假异构pseudomorphism 假晶pseudomorphosis 假同晶pseudonitrol 假硝醇pseudoplastic flow 假塑性怜pseudoplasticity 假塑性pseudoreduced compressibility 伪折减压缩系数pseudoreduced properties 伪折减性质pseudorotation 假回转pseudoscalar 假标量psicose 阿卢糖psilomelane 硬锰矿psychromatic ratio 湿度比psychrometer 干湿球湿度计psychrometric chart 湿度表psychrometric formula 湿度公式pteridine 蝶啶pteroylglutamic acid 蝶酰谷氨酸ptomaine 尸碱ptyalase 唾液淀粉酶ptyalin 唾液淀粉酶ptychotis oil 香旱芹油pug 捏土pug mill 捏土机pulfrich photometer 普尔弗里希氏光度计pulley 滑轮pulp 纸浆;矿浆pulsatilla camphor 白头翁脑pulse column 脉冲柱pulverized coal 粉煤pulverizer 磨粉机pulverizing 磨碎pulverizing mill 磨粉机pumice 浮石pump 泵pure culture 纯粹培养pure substance 纯物质purification 提纯purification plant 净化装置purifier 净化器purifying agent 净化剂purine 嘌呤purine base 嘌呤碱purinometer 嘌呤测定计purity 纯度purity analysis 纯度分析purity check 纯度分析purity of color 色纯度purity test 纯度检查purple oxide 紫色氧化物purpureo salt 红紫络盐purpuric acid 红紫酸purpurin 红紫素putrefaction 腐烂putrefactive bacterium 腐烂细菌putrescine 腐胺putty 油灰pycnometer 比重计pyramidone 匹拉米洞pyran 吡喃pyranose 吡喃糖pyranoside 吡喃糖苷pyranthrone 皮蒽酮染料pyrazine 吡嗪pyrazole 吡唑pyrazoline 吡唑啉pyrazolone 吡唑啉酮pyrazolone dye 吡唑啉酮染料pyrazolone red 吡唑啉酮红pyrene 芘pyrethrin 除虫菊素pyrex glass 派热克斯玻璃pyridine 吡啶pyridine base 吡啶碱pyridine tricarboxylic acid 吡啶三甲酸pyridinium compound 吡啶季胺盐化合物pyridoxine 吡哆醇pyrimethamine 乙嘧啶pyrimidine 嘧啶pyrimidine base 嘧啶碱pyrite 黄铁矿pyrite cinder 黄铁矿烬滓pyrite furnace 黄铁矿炉pyrite oven 黄铁矿炉pyrithiamine 抗硫胺素pyro acid 焦酸pyroantimonic acid 焦锑酸pyroarsenic acid 焦砷酸pyroboric acid 焦硼酸pyrocatechin 邻苯二酚pyrocatechol 八茶酚pyrocellulose 焦纤维素pyroceramic 高温陶瓷pyrochemistry 高温化学pyroelectricity 热电pyrogallic acid 焦没食子酚pyrogallol 焦没食子酚pyrogen 发热物质pyrogenetic reaction 焦化反应pyrogenic change 高热变化pyrohydrolysis 高温水解pyrolignous acid 木醋酸pyrolusite 软锰矿pyrolysis 热解pyrolysis curve 热解曲线pyrolysis gas chromatography 热解气相色谱法pyromellitic acid 苯均四酸pyrometer 高温计pyrometry 高温测定法pyromucic acid 焦粘酸pyrone 吡喃酮pyrophoric metal 自燃金属pyrophoric propellant 自燃推进剂pyrophorus 引火物pyrophosphate 焦磷酸盐pyrophosphite 焦亚磷酸盐pyrophosphoric acid 焦磷酸pyrophosphorous acid 焦亚磷酸pyrophyllite 叶蜡石pyroracemic acid 丙酮酸pyroreaction 高温反应pyrosol 高温溶胶pyrosulfate 焦硫酸盐pyrosulfite 焦亚硫酸盐pyrosulfuric acid 焦硫酸pyrosulfurous acid 焦亚硫酸pyrotartaric acid 焦酒石酸pyrotechnics 焰火制造术pyrotechny 焰火制造术pyroxene 辉石pyroxylin 胶棉pyroxyline 焦木素pyrrhotine 磁黄铁矿pyrrhotite 磁黄铁矿pyrrole 吡咯pyrrolidine 吡咯烷pyrrolidine alkaloid 吡咯烷生物碱类pyrrolidone 吡咯烷酮pyrroline 吡咯啉pyruvic acid 丙酮酸pyruvic aldehyde 丙酮醛quadratic crystal 正方晶体quadratic form 二次形式quadribasic acid 四价酸quadrimolecular reaction 四分子反应quadripole 四极子quadrivalence 四价quadroxide 四氧化物quadruple effect evaporator 四效蒸发器quadrupole 四极子quadrupole moment 四极矩quadrupole resonance 四极共振qualitative analysis 定性分析qualitative analysis of element 元素定性分析qualitative analysis of organic functional group 有机功能基定性分析qualitative filter paper 定性滤纸qualitative reaction 定性反应quality control 质量控制quality sign 品质标记quality test 质量试验quantification 定量化quantitative adsorption 定量吸附quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative classification 定量分类quantitative filter paper 定量滤纸quantitative volumetric analysis 定量容积分析quantity 量quantity factor 定量参数quantity of heat 热量quantity of state 状态量quantity production 大量生产quantization 量子化quantometer 光量计quantum 量子quantum chemistry 量子化学quantum condition 量子条件quantum efficiency 量子效率quantum hypothesis 量子假说quantum jump 量子跃迁quantum leakage 量子漏泄quantum liquid 量子液体quantum mechanics 量子力学quantum number 量子数quantum of action 酌量子quantum orbit 量子轨道quantum path 量子轨道quantum scattering 量子散射quantum state 量子状态quantum theory 量子论quantum theory of valence 价的量子理论quantum yield 量子效率quarcite 栎醇quark 夸克quark model 夸克模型quarry powder 采石炸药quartation 四分法quartering 四分法quartz 石英quartz glass 石英玻璃quartz lens 石英透镜quartz plate 石英片quartz rock 石英岩quartz sand 石英砂quartz spectrograph 石英摄谱仪quartz tube 石英管quartzite 石英岩quasi elastic force 准弹力quasi saturation 准饱和quasi static process 准静过程quasi stationary state 准稳状态quasiracemate 准外消旋体quaternary ammonium base 季铵碱quaternary ammonium compound 季铵化合物quaternary base 季碱quaternary carbon atom 季碳原子quebracho 白雀树quebracho extract 白雀胜提取物quench oil 淬火油quenchant 骤冷剂quenched charcoal 淬火炭quenching 熄灭;淬火quercetin 槲皮苷quercitol 栎醇quercitrin 栎素quick analysis 快速分析quick drying ink 快干墨水quick fermentation 快速发酵quick hardening cement 快硬水泥quick lime 生石灰quick setting cement 快硬水泥quicking 汞齐化quicklime 氧化钙quicksilver 汞quinacridone pigment 二氢喹吖啶颜料quinaldine 喹哪啶quinaldinic acid 喹哪酸quinalizarin 醌茜素quinamine 奎胺quinazoline 喹唑啉quinhydrone 氢醌quinhydrone electrode 氢醌电极quinic acid 奎宁酸quinidine 奎尼丁quinidine sulfate 硫酸奎尼丁quinine 奎宁quinine ethylcarbonate 碳酸乙酯奎宁quinine hydrochloride 盐酸奎宁quinine sulfate 硫酸奎宁quininic acid 奎宁酸quinite 对环己二醇quinitol 对环己二醇quinizarin 醌茜quinocine 奎诺毒quinoid 醌式quinoid structure 醌型结构quinoidine 奎诺伊丁quinol 醌醇quinoline 喹啉quinoline base 喹啉碱quinoline blue 喹啉蓝quinoline dye 喹啉染料quinoline yellow 喹啉黄quinolinic acid 喹啉酸quinolylamine 氨基喹啉quinone 醌quinoneimine dye 醌亚胺染料quinotannic acid 奎诺丹宁酸quinotoxin 奎诺毒quinovic acid 奎诺酸quinovin 奎诺温quinoxaline 喹恶啉r acid r 酸racemate 外消旋化合物racemic acid 外消旋酸racemic compound 外消旋化合物racemic mixture 外消旋混合物racemic modification 外消旋体racemism 外消旋性racemization 外消旋rad 拉德radiance temperature 发光温度radiant energy 辐射能radiant flux 辐射流radiant heat 辐射热radiant ray intercepted glass 辐射线防御玻璃radiation 辐射radiation chemical reaction 辐射化学反应radiation chemistry 辐射线化学radiation cure 辐射硫化radiation damage 辐照损伤radiation equilibrium 辐射平衡radiation hazard 放射危害radiation intensity 辐射强度radiation law 辐射律radiation loss 辐射损失radiation polymerization 辐照聚合radiation protection 辐射防护radiation pyrometer 辐射高温计radiation shield 辐射屏蔽radiation temperature 辐射温度radiationless transition 无辐射跃迁radiative recombination 辐射复合radiative transfer 辐射传热radiator 散热器暖气片radical 基radical polymerization 游离基聚合radical scavenger 游离基清除剂radio frequency heating 高频加热radioactinium 射锕radioactivation analysis 放射化分析radioactive contamination 放射性污染radioactive decay 放射性衰变radioactive deposit 放射性沉积物radioactive disintegration 放射性衰变radioactive element 放射性元素radioactive equilibrium 放射平衡radioactive indicator 放射指示剂radioactive isotope 放射性同位素radioactive paint 放射性油漆radioactive substance 放射性物质radioactive tracer 放射指示剂radioactive transformation 放射性转换radioactive waste 放射性废物radioactivity 放射能力radiobiology 放射生物学radiocarbon 放射性碳radiochemical analysis 放射化学分析radiochemistry 放射化学radiochromatogram 辐射色层分离谱radiochromometer 放射比色计radiocolloid 放射性胶体radioelectrochemistry 放射电化学radioelement 放射性元素radiogram 射线照相radiograph 射线照相radiography 射线照相术radioisotope 放射性同位素radiolysis 辐照分解radiometer 辐射计radiometric analysis 射量分析radiometric titration 放射滴定radionuclide 放射性核素radiosensitivity 放射敏感性radiothorium 射钍radiotracer 放射指示剂radiovulcanization 辐射硫化radium 镭radium bromide 溴化镭radium carbonate 碳酸镭radium chloride 氯化镭radium emanation 镭射气radium sulfate 硫酸镭radius ratio 半径比radon 氡raffinase 棉子糖酶raffinate 提余液raffinose 棉子糖rag opening 再生毛rag paper 粗纸rag pulp 破布纸浆raman effect 喇曼效应raman spectrum 喇曼光谱ramie 苎麻rancidity 酸败random variable 随机变数raney nickel catalyst 兰尼镍催化剂range 范围range of explosion 爆炸范围raoult's law 喇乌耳定律rapeseed oil 菜油rapid analysis 快速分析rapid cure adhesives 速定胶粘剂rapid developer 快速显影剂rapid flow method 快哩rapid hardening cement 快硬水泥rare earth elements 稀土元素rare gas 稀有气体rare metal 稀有金属rarefaction 稀薄化rarefaction of air 空气稀薄化raschig ring 腊希格环rate constant 速度常数rate constant of reaction 反应速度常数rate current 反应电流rate determining step 速率控制步骤rate of adsorption 吸附速度rate of combustion 燃烧速率rate of cooling 冷却速率rate of cure 硫化速率rate of diffusion 扩散速度rate of gasification 气化率rate of polymerization 聚合速率rate of reaction 反应速度rate of residual expansion 残余膨胀率ratio meter 比率计rational analysis 示构分析rational curve 特性曲线rational formula 示构式rattler 滚筒rauwolfine 阿吗灵raw coal 原煤raw data 原始数据raw material 原料raw rubber 生橡胶raw silk 生丝raw silk dyeing 生丝染色raw sugar 粗糖raw vegetable oil 生植物油ray 光线rayon 人造纤维rayon fiber 人造丝纤维rayon pulp 人造丝浆reactance 电抗reactant 反应物reaction 反应reaction accelerator 反应加速剂reaction chain 反应连锁reaction chamber 反应室reaction current 反应电流reaction formula 反应式reaction intermediate 反应中间体reaction isochore 反应等容线reaction isotherm 反应等温线reaction kinetics 反应动力学reaction mechanism 反应机构reaction mixture 反应混合物reaction of higher order 高级反应reaction of second order 二级反应reaction product 反应产物reaction promotor 反应促进剂reaction tower 反应塔reaction velocity constant 反应速度常数reaction vessel 反应器reaction zone 反应带reactivation 再活化reactive dye 活性染料reactive vessel 反应器reactivity 反应性reactor 反应器反应堆reactor core 反应堆芯readily avaiable fertilizer 速效肥料ready mixed paint 低漆reagent 试剂reagent bottle 试剂瓶real gas 实在气体real time computation 实时计算realgar 雄黄rearrangement 换位reaumur scale 列氏温标reboiler 再沸器receptor 接受体reciprocal lattice 倒易晶格reciprocal proportion 反比例reciprocal reaction 可逆反应reciprocation pump 往复泵reciprocity law 互反则recirculation 再循环reclaimed gypsum 再生石膏reclaimed oil 再生油reclaimed rubber 再生胶recoil energy 反冲能recombination 再结合recombination at surface 表面再结合recombination coefficient 复合系数recooler 二次冷却器recorder 记录仪recording hygrometer 湿度计recording manometer 自记压力计recording thermometer 自记温度计recovered wool 再生毛recovery 回收recovery installation 回收设备recovery of solvent 溶剂的回收recrystallization 再结晶rectangular coordinate 直角坐标rectification 精馏rectifier 整流rectifier tube 整淋recycle mixing 循环混合recycle ratio 循环比recycle stock 再循环物料red antimony 红锑矿red copper ore 赤铜矿red glass 红玉玻璃red heat 赤热red iron ore 赤铁矿red iron oxide 红氧化铁red lead 红铅red mercuric oxide 氧化汞red mud 红泥red nitric acid 红色硝酸red phosphorus 红磷red precipitate 氧化汞red prussiate 铁氰化钾red shift 红移redistillation 再蒸馏redox 氧化还原redox activated emulsion polymerization 氧化还原活化乳液聚合redox catalyst 氧化还原催化剂redox indicator 氧化还原指示剂redox polymerization 氧化还原聚合redox potential 氧化还原电势redox potentiometry 氧化还原电位滴定redox reaction 氧化还原反应redox system 氧化还原系统redox titration 氧化还原滴定redruthite 辉铜矿reduced equation of state 对比状态方程reduced iron 还原铁reduced mass 约化质量reduced pressure distillation 真空蒸馏reducer 还原剂reducing agent 还原剂reducing flame 还原焰reducing roasting 还原焙烧reducing sugar 还原糖reducing valve 减压阀reductant 还原剂reductase 还原酶reduction 还原reduction potential 还原电势reduction zone 还原区reductometry 还原滴定reductor 脱氧剂reference electrode 对照电极reference fuel 参考燃料reference material 参考材料reference solution 参考溶液refined oil 精制油refinery 炼油厂;炼糖厂refinery gas 炼油厂气体refining 精制refining mill 精磨机reflectance 反射系数reflection 反射reflection factor 反射系数reflector 反射器反射镜reflux 回流反流reflux condenser 回龄凝器reflux ratio 回寥reformate 重整油reformatsky reaction 雷福尔马茨基反应reformed gas 重整气reforming 改造refraction 折射refractive index 折射率refractometer 折射计refractories 耐火材料refractoriness 耐火度refractory 耐火的refractory alloy 耐热合金refractory brick 耐火砖refractory cement 耐火水泥refractory clay 耐火粘土refractory hard metal 耐火硬金属refrigerant 冷冻剂refrigerating capacity 致冷能力refrigerating industry 冷却工业refrigeration 冷却refrigeration condenser 制冷凝汽器refrigeration cycle 冷却循环regenerant 再生剂regenerated cellulose 再生纤维素regenerated fiber 再生纤维regeneration 再生regenerative furnace 回热炉regenerative pump 再生涡轮泵regenerator 回热器regular polymer 规则聚合物regular solution 正规溶液regulator 第器reheating 再热reimer tiemann reaction 雷默带曼反应reinecke's salt 赖纳克盐reinforced plastics 增强塑料reinforcement 增强reinforcing agent 增强剂reinforcing filler 增强填料reinforcing pigment 加强颜料relative aperture 相对孔径relative error 相对误差relative humidity 相对湿度relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差relative velocity 相对速度relative viscosity 相对粘度relative volatility 相对挥发度relativity 相对性relaxation 松弛relaxation modulus 松弛模量relaxation oscillation 松弛振荡relaxation phenomena 松弛现象relaxation time 松弛时间release agent 脱离剂relief valve 安全阀remelting 再熔remote control 遥控rennet 凝乳酶rennet casein 酶凝酪素rennin 凝乳酶repairing 修理repellent 驱避剂repetition 重复replacement 置换replacement titration 置换滴定reppe reaction 瑞普反应reprecipitation 再沉representation of group 群表现reproducibility 再现性reproduction 再生resacetophenone 二羟基苯乙酮reserpine 利血平reserve cellulose 贮藏纤维素reserve material 储藏物residence time 停留时间residual affinity 剩余亲合势residual air 残余空气residual chlorine 残留氯residual clay 残余土residual current 剩余电流residual energy 剩余能residual error 残差residual gas 残余气体residual hardness 剩余硬度residual nitrogen 剩余氯residual oil 残油residual rays 剩余射线residual resistance 剩余电阻residual sulphur 残留硫residue 残留物resin 尸resin acid 尸酸resin emulsion 尸乳液resin finishing 尸整理resin oil 尸油resin regeneration 尸再生resin varnish 尸漆resinate 尸酸盐resinification 尸化resinoid 热固性粘合剂resinous lustre 尸光泽resist printing 防染印花resistance 电阻resistance heating 电阻加热resistance pyrometer 电阻高温表resistance thermometer 电阻温度计resistivity 电阻率resite c 级尸resitol b 阶尸resol 甲阶酚醛尸resolution 溶解resolving power 分辨本领resonance 共振resonance absorption 共振吸收resonance energy 共振能resonance hybrid 共振杂化resonance line 共振线resonance potential 共振势resonance radiation 共振辐射resorcin 雷琐辛resorcin brown 间苯二酚棕resorcin resin 间苯二酚尸resorcinol 雷琐辛resorcylic acid 二羟基苯酸resorption 再吸收respirator 人工呼吸器面罩respiratory enzyme 呼吸酶respiratory pigment 呼吸色素respiratory poison 呼吸毒rest energy 静止能量rest mass 静止质量restriction enzyme 限制性内切酶retardant paint 防火油漆retardation 减速retardation phenomenon 延滞现象retardation time 滞后时间retarded elasticity 延迟弹性retarded ignition 延迟点火retarder 阻滞剂retarding agent 阻滞剂retention time 保留时间retention volume 保留容积retentivity 顽磁性reticular structure 网状结构retinene 视黄醛retinol 瑞叮醇retort 曲颈甑retort carbon 气碳retrogradation 降解retropinacol rearrangement 反频哪酮重排retting 发酵精炼;浸解reutilization 再用reverberatory furnace 反射炉reversal 反转reversal development 反转现象reversal effect 反转效应reversal process 反转成象法reverse current 逆电流reverse reaction 逆反应reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶。
化学化工专业英语
1 CHEMISTRY AND CHEMISTWithout chemistry our lives would beunrecognisable, for chemistry is at work all aroundus. Think what life would be like without chemistry- there would be no plastics, no electricity and noprotective paints for our homes. There would be no synthetic fibres to clothe us and no fertilisers to help us produce enough food. We wouldn‟t be able to travel because there would be no metal, rubber or fuel for cars, ships and aeroplane. Our lives would be changed considerably without telephones, radio, television or computers, all of which depend on chemistry for the manufacture of their parts. Life expectancy would be much lower, too, as there would be no drugs to fight disease.Chemistry is at the forefront of scientific adventure, and you could make your own contribution to the rapidly expanding technology we are enjoying. Take some of the recent academic research: computer graphics allow us to predict whether small molecules will fit into or react with larger ones - this could lead to a whole new generation of drugs to control disease; chemists are also studying the use of chemicals to trap the sun‟s energy and to purify sea water; they are also investigating the possibility of using new ceramic materials to replace metals which can corrode.Biotechnology is helping us to develop new sources of food and new ways of producing fuel, as well as producing new remedies for the sick. As the computer helps us to predict and interpret results from the test tube, the speed, accuracy and quality of results is rapidly increasing - all to the benefit of product development.It is the job of chemists to provide us with new materials to take us into the next century, and by pursuing the subject, you could make your positive contribution to society.Here are some good reasons for choosing chemistry as a career.Firstly, if you have an interest in the chemical sciences, you can probably imagine taking some responsibility for the development of new technology. New ideas and materials are constantly being used in technology to improve the society in which we live. You could work in a field where research and innovation are of primary importance to standards of living, so you could see the practical results of your work in every day use.Secondly, chemistry offers many career opportunities, whether working in a public service such as a water treatment plant, or high level research and development in industry. Your chemistry-based skills and experience can be used, not only in many different areas within the chemical industry, but also as the basis for a more general career in business.1 As a qualification, chemistry is highly regarded as a sound basis for employment.You should remember that, as the society we live in becomes more technically advanced, the need for suitably qualified chemists will also increase. Although chemistry stands as a subject in its own right, it acts as the bond between physics and biology. Thus, by entering the world of chemistry you will be equipping yourself to play a leading role in the complex world of tomorrow.Chemistry gives you an excellent training for many jobs, both scientific and non-scientific. To be successful in the subject you need to be able to think logically, and be creative, numerate, and analytical. These skills are much sought after in many walks of life, and would enable you to pursue a career in, say, computing and finance, as well as careers which use your chemistry directly.Here is a brief outline of some of the fields chemists work in:Many are employed in the wealth-creating manufacturing industries - not just oil, chemical and mining companies, but also in ceramics, electronics and fibres. Many others are in consumer based industries such as food, paper and brewing; or in service industriessuch as transport, health and water treatment.In manufacturing and service industries, chemists work in Research and Development to improve and develop new products, or in Quality Control, where they make sure that the public receives products of a consistently high standard.Chemists in the public sector deal with matters of public concern such as food preservation, pollution control, defence, and nuclear energy. The National Health Service also needs chemists, as do the teaching profess ion and the Government‟s research and advisory establishments.Nowadays, chemists are also found in such diverse areas as finance, law and politics, retailing, computing and purchasing. Chemists make good managers, and they can put their specialist knowledge to work as consultants or technical authors. Agricultural scientist, conservationist, doctor, geologist, meteorologist, pharmacist, vet ... the list of jobs where a qualification in chemistry is considered essential is endless. So even if you are unsure about what career you want to follow eventually, you can still study chemistry and know that you‟re keeping your options open.What Do Chemistry Graduates Do?Demand for chemists is high, and over the last decade opportunities for chemistry graduates have been increasing. This is a trend that is likely to continue. Chemistry graduates are increasingly sought after to work in pharmaceutical, oil, chemical, engineering, textile and metal companies, but the range of opportunities also spans the food industry, nuclear fuels, glass and ceramics, optical and photographic industries, hospitals and the automotive industry. Many graduates begin in scientific research, development and design, but over the years, about half change, into fields such as sales, quality control, management, or consultancy. Within the commercial world it is recognised that, because of the general training implicit in a chemistry course, chemistry graduates are particularly adaptable and analytical - making them attractive to a very broad spectrum of employers. There has been a growth of opportunity for good chemistry graduates to move into the financial world, particularly in accountancy, retail stores, and computer software houses.（Summarized from: A brief of the Royal Society of Chemistry,1992）2 NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANICCOMPOUNDSNaming elementsThe term element refers to a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. At present 107 chemical elements are known. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of the English name consisting of one or two letters, for example:oxygen = O nitrogen = N magnesium = MgSome elements, which have been known for a long time, have symbols based on their Latin names, for example:iron = Fe (ferrum) copper = Cu (cuprum) lead = Pb (Plumbum)A few elements have symbols based on the Latin name of one of their compounds, the elements themselves having been discovered only in relatively recent times1, for example: sodium = Na (natrium = sodium carbonate)potassium = K (kalium = potassium carbonate)A listing of some common elements may be found in Table 1.Naming Metal Oxides, Bases and SaltsA compound is a combination of positive and negative ions in the proper ratio to give a balanced charge and the name of the compound follows from names of the ions, for example, NaCl, is sodium chloride; Al(OH)3is aluminium hydroxide; FeBr2is iron (II) bromide or ferrous bromide; Ca(OAc)2is calcium acetate; Cr2(SO4)3is chromium (III) sulphate or chromic sulphate, and so on. Table 3 gives some examples of the naming of metal compounds. The name of the negative ion will need to be obtained from Table 2.Negative ions, anions, may be monatomic or polyatomic. All monatomic anions have names ending with -ide. Two polyatomic anions which also have names ending with -ide are the hydroxide ion, OH-, and the cyanide ion, CN-.Many polyatomic anions contain oxygen in addition to another element. The number of oxygen atoms in such oxyanions is denoted by the use of the suffixes -ite and -ate, meaning fewer and more oxygen atoms, respectively. In cases where it is necessary to denote more than two oxyanions of the same element, the prefixes hypo- and per-, meaning still fewer and still more oxygen atoms, respectively, may be used, for example,hypochlorite ClO-Chlorite ClO2-chlorate ClO3-perchlorate ClO4-Naming Nonmetal OxidesThe older system of naming and one still widely used employs Greek prefixes for both the number of oxygen atoms and that of the other element in the compound 2. The prefixes used are (1) mono-, sometimes reduced to mon-, (2) di-, (3) tri-, (4) tetra-, (5) penta-, (6) hexa-, (7) hepta-, (8) octa-, (9) nona- and (10) deca-. Generally the letter a is omitted from the prefix (from tetra on ) when naming a nonmetal oxide and often mono- is omitted from the name altogether.The Stock system is also used with nonmetal oxides. Here the Roman numeral refers to the oxidation state of the element other than oxygen.In either system, the element other than oxygen is named first, the full name being used, followed by oxide 3. Table 4 shows some examples.Naming AcidsAcid names may be obtained directly from a knowledge of Table 2 by changing the name of the acid ion (the negative ion ) in the Table 2 as follows:The Ion in Table 2Corresponding Acid-ate-ic-ite-ous-ide-icExamples are:Acid Ion Acidacetate acetic acidperchlorate perchloric acidbromide hydrobromic acidcyanide hydrocyanic acidThere are a few cases where the name of the acid is changed slightly from that of the acid radical; for example, H2SO4 is sulphuric acid rather than sulphic acid. Similarly, H3PO4 is phosphoric acid rather than phosphic acid.Naming Acid and Basic Salt and Mixed SaltsA salt containing acidic hydrogen is termed an acid salt.A way of naming these salts is to call Na 2HPO4disodiumhydrogen phosphate and NaH2PO4sodium dihydrogenphosphate. Historically, the prefix bi- has been used innaming some acid salts; in industry, for example, NaHCO3 iscalled sodium bicarbonate and Ca(HSO3)2 calcium bisulphite.Bi(OH)2NO3, a basic salt, would be called bismuthdihydroxynitrate. NaKSO4, a mixed salt, would be calledsodium potassium sulphate.3 NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDSA complete discussion of definitive rules of organic nomenclature would require more space than can be allotted in this text. We will survey some of the more common nomenclature rules, both IUPAC and trivial.AlkanesThe names for the first twenty continuous-chain alkanes are listed in Table 1.Alkenes and AlkynesUnbranched hydrocarbons having one double bond are named in the IUPAC system by replacing the ending -ane of the alkane name with -ene. If there are two or more double bonds, the ending is -adiene, -atriene, etc.Unbranched hydrocarbons having one triple bond are named by replacing the ending -ane of the alkane name with -yne. If there are two or more triple bonds, the ending is -adiyne, -atriyne etc. Table 2 shows names for some alkyl groups, alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.The PrefixesIn the IUPAC system, alkyl and aryl substituents and many functional groups are named as prefixes on the parent (for example, iodomethane). Some common functional groups named as prefixes are listed in Table 3.In simple compounds, the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, etc. are used to indicate the number of times a substituent is found in the structure: e.g., dimethylamine for (CH3)2NH or dichloromethane for CH2Cl2.In complex structures, the prefixes bis-, tris-, and tetrakis- are used: bis- means two of a kind; tris-, three of a kind; and tetrakis-, four of a kind. [(CH3)2N]2is bis(dimethylamino) and not di(dimethylamino).Nomenclature Priority of Functional GroupsIn naming a compound, the longest chain containing principal functional group is considered the parent. The parent is numbered from the principal functional group to the other end, the direction being chosen to give the lowest numbers to the substituents. The entire name of the structure is then composed of (1) the numbers of the positions of the substituts (and of the principal functional group, if necessary); (2) the names of the substituts;(3) the name of the parent.The various functional groups are ranked in priority as to which receives the suffix name and the lowest position number1.A list of these priorities is given in Table 4.*-CKetonesIn the systematic names for ketones, the -e of the parent alkane name is dropped and -one is added. A prefix number is used if necessary.In a complex structure, a ketone group my be named in IUPAC system with the prefix oxo-. (The prefix keto- is also sometimes encountered.)AlcoholsThe names of alcohols may be: (1) IUPAC; (2) trivial; or, occasionally, (3) conjunctive. IUPAC names are taken from the name of the alkane with the final -e changed to -ol. In the case of polyols, the prefix di-, tri- etc. is placed just before -ol, with the position numbers placed at the start of the name, if possible, such as, 1,4-cyclohexandiol. Names for some alkyl halides, ketones and alcohols are listed in Table 5.EthersEthers are usually named by using the names of attached alkyl or aryl groups followed by the word ether. (These are trivial names.) For example, diethyl ether.In more complex ethers, an alkoxy- prefix may be used. This is the IUPAC preference, such as 3-methoxyhexane. Sometimes the prefix- oxa- is used.AminesAmines are named in two principal ways: with -amine as the ending and with amino- as a prefix. Names for some ethers and amines can be found in Table 6.Carboxylic AcidsThere are four principal types of names for carboxylic acids: (1) IUPAC; (2)trivial;(3)carboxylic acid; and (4)conjunctive. Trivial names are commonly used.AldehydesAldehydes may be named by the IUPAC system or by trivial aldehyde names. In the IUPAC system, the -oic acid ending of the corresponding carboxylic acid is changed to -al, such as hexanal. In trivial names, the -ic or -oic ending is changed to -aldehyde, such as benzaldehyde. Table 7 gives a list of commonly encountered names for carboxylic acids and aldehydes.Esters and Salts of Carboxylic AcidsEsters and salts of carboxylic acids are named as two words in both systematic and trivial names. The first word of the name is the name of the substituent on the oxygen. The second word of the name is derived from the name of the parent carboxylic acid with the ending changed from -ic acid to -ate.AmidesIn both the IUPAC and trivial systems, an amide is named by dropping the -ic or -oic ending of the corresponding acid name and adding -amide, such as hexanamide (IUPAC) and acetamide (trivial).Acid AnhydridesAcid anhydrides are named from the names of the component acid or acids with the word acid dropped and the word anhydride added, such as benzoic anhydride.The names for some esters, amides and anhydrides are shown in Table 8.Acid HalidesAcid halides are named by changing the ending of the carboxylic acid name from -ic acid to -yl plus the name of the halide, such as acetyl chloride.Some names of aryl compounds and aryls are as follows:benzenephenylbenzylarylbenzoic acid4. Introduction to Chemistry Department of FloridaUniversityProgram of StudyThe Department of Chemistry offers programs of study leading to the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees. Students may elect studies in analytical, inorganic, organic, and physical chemistry. Specialty disciplines, such as chemical physics and quantum, bioorganic, polymer, radiation, and nuclear chemistry, are available within the four major areas.The M.S. and Ph.D. degree requirements include a course of study, attendance at and presentation of a series of seminars, and completion and defense of a research topic worthy of publication1. Candidates for the Ph.D. degree must also demonstrate a reading ability of at least one foreign language and show satisfactory performance on a qualifying examination. The M.S. degree is not a prerequisite for the Ph.D. degree. A nonthesisdegree program leading to the M.S.T. degree is offered for teachers.Students are encouraged to begin their research shortly afterselecting a research director, who is the chairman of the supervisorycommittee that guides the student through a graduate career.Research FacilitiesThe chemistry department occupies 111,000 square feet of space in four buildings: Leigh Hall, the Chemical Research Building, Bryant Hall, and the Nuclear Science Building. Plans for a 65,000-square-foot addition to Leigh Hall are being prepared. A new central science library is located near the chemistry facilities. The University library system holds more than 2.2 million volumes.The major instrumentation includes ultraviolet-visible, infrared, fluorescence, Roman, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, X-ray, ESCA, and mass spectrometers. Many are equipped with temperature-control and Fourier-transform attachments, and some have laser sources. Data-storage and data-acquiring minicomputers are interfaced to some of the instruments, such as the recently constructed quadrupole resonance mass spectrometer. The chemistry department has V AX-11/780 and V AX-11/750 computers as well as multiple terminals connected to IBM machines in the main computer centre on campus.The departmental technical services include two well-equipped stockrooms and glassblowing, electronics, and machine shops to assist in equipment design, fabrication, and maintenance.Financial AidMost graduate students are given financial support in the form of teachingand research assistantships. Stipends range from $9400 - 11,000 for the1986-87 calendar year. State residents and assistantship holders pay in-statefees of about $1400 per calendar year. A limited number of full orsupplemental fellowships are available for superior candidates.Cost of StudyIn 1985-86, in-state students paid a registration fee of $48.62, per credit hour for each semester, out-of-state students paid an additional $ 94.50 ($ 143.12 per credit hour each semester). A small increase in fees is expected for 1986-87.5 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONWith the coming of the Industrial Revolution the environmentalpollution increased alarmingly. Pollution can be defined as an undesirablechange in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water,or land that can harmfully affect health, survival, or activities of humans orother living organisms. There are four major forms of pollution - waste onland, water pollution (both the sea and inland waters), pollution of the atmosphere and pollution by noise.Land can be polluted by many materials. There are two major types of pollutants: degradable and nondegradable. Examples of degradable pollutantsare DDT and radioactive materials. DDT can decompose slowly buteventually are either broken down completely or reduced to harmless levels. For example, it typically takes about 4 years for DDT in soil to be decomposed to 25 percent of the original level applied. Some radioactive materials that give off harmful radiation, such as iodine-131, decay to harmless pollutants. Others, such as plutonium-239 produced by nuclear power plants, remains at harmful levels for thousands to hundreds of thousands of years.Nondegradable pollutants are not broken down by natural processes. Examples of nondegradable pollutants are mercury, lead and some of their compounds and some plastics. Nondegradable pollutants must be either prevented from entering the air, water, and soil or kept below harmful levels by removal from the environment.Water pollution is found in many forms. It is contamination of water with city sewage and factory wastes; the runoff of fertiliser and manure from farms and feed lots; sudsy streams; sediment washed from the land as a result of storms, farming, construction and mining; radioactive discharge from nuclear power plants; heated water from power and industrial plants; plastic globules floating in the world‟s oceans; and female sex hormones entering water supplies through the urine of women taking birth control pills.Even though scientists have developed highly sensitive measuringinstruments, determining water quality is very difficult. There are a largenumber of interacting chemicals in water, many of them only in trace amounts.About 30,000 chemicals are now in commercial production, and each yearabout 1,000 new chemicals are added. Sooner or later most chemicals end up in rivers, lakes, and oceans. In addition, different organisms have different ranges of tolerance and threshold levels for various pollutants. To complicate matters even further, while some pollutants are either diluted to harmless levels in water or broken down to harmless forms by decomposers and natural processes, others (such as DDT, some radioactive materials, and some mercury compounds) are biologically concentrated in various organisms1.Air pollution is normally defined as air that contains one or more chemicals in high enough concentrations to harm humans, other animals, vegetation, or materials. There are two major types of air pollutants. A primary air pollutant is a chemical added directly to the air that occurs in a harmful concentration. It can be a natural air component, such as carbon dioxide, that rises above its normal concentration, or something not usually found in the air,such as a lead compound. A secondary air pollutant is a harmful chemical formed in the atmosphere through a chemical reaction among air components.We normally associate air pollution with smokestacks and cars, but volcanoes, forest fires, dust storms, marshes, oceans, and plants also add to the air chemicals we consider pollutants. Since these natural inputs are usually widely dispersed throughout the world, they normally don‟t build up to harmful levels. And when they do, as in the case of volcanic eruptions, they are usually taken care of by natural weather and chemical cycles2.As more people live closer together, and as they use machines to produce leisure, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, become spoilt by a byproduct of their machines – namely, noise,The technical difficulties to control noise often arise from the subjective-objective nature of the problem. You can define the excessive speed of a motor-car in terms of a pointer reading on a speedometer. But can you define excessive noise in the same way? You find that with any existing simple “noise-meter”, vehicles which are judged to be equally noisy may show considerable difference on the meter.Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source, thismay in many cases be impossible. The next remedy is to absorb iton its way to the ear. It is true that the overwhelming majority ofnoise problems are best resolved by effecting a reduction in thesound pressure level at the receiver. Soft taped music in restaurantstends to mask the clatter of crockery and the conversation at thenext table. Fan noise has been used in telephone booths to maskspeech interference from adjacent booths. Usually, the problem is how to reduce the sound pressure level, either at source or on the transmission path.6 ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT MARKETThe market for analytical instruments is showing a strength only dreamed about as little as five years ago. Driven by the need for greater chemicalanalysis coming from quality control and government regulation, arobust export market, and new and increasingly sophisticatedtechniques, sales are increasing rapidly1.The analytical instrument business' worldwides sales arenearly double their value of five years ago, reaching $ 4.1 billion in1987. Such growth is in stark contrast to the doldrums of severalyears ago when economic recession held back sales growth to littleor nothing. In recent years, the instrumentation market hasrecovered, growing at nearly 9% per year, and it‟s expected t o continue at this rate at least until the 1990. With sales increases exceeding inflation, the industry has seen the real growth demonstrating the important role of chemical instrumentation in areas such as research and development, manufacturing, defense, and the environment in a technologically advancingworld2.Chromatography is the fastest-growing area, comprising 40%, or $ 1.5billion, in 1987 world sales. Chromatographic methods are used extensively inindustrial labs, which purchase about 70% of the devices made, for separation,purification, and analysis. One of the biggest words in all forms of chromatography is “biocompatibility.” Biocompatible instruments are designed to have chemically inert, corrosion-resistant surfaces in contact with the biological samples.Gas Chromatography sales are growing at about the same rate as the instrument market.Some of the newest innovations in GC technology are the production of more instruments with high-efficiency, high-resolution capillaries and supercritical fluid capability.Despite having only a 3% share of the GC market, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has attracted a great deal of attention since its introduction around 1985 and production of the first commercial instrument around 1986. SFC, which operates using asupercritical fluid as the mobile phase, bridgesthe gap between GC and HPLC. The use ofthese mobile phases allows for higherdiffusion rates and lower viscosities thanliquids, and a greater solvating powerthan gases.Another area showing tremendous growth is ion chromatography (IC). From growth levels of 30% per year in the U.S. and similar levels worldwide, the rate is expected to drop slightly but remain high at 25%. The popularity of IC has been enhanced through extending its applicability from inorganic systems to amino acids and other biological systems by the introduction of biocompatible instruments.Mass spectrometry (MS) sales have been growing about 12% annually. Sales have always been high, especially since MS is the principal detector in a number of hyphenated techniques such as GC-MS, MS-MS, LC-MS, and GC-MS accounts for about 60% of MS sales since it is used widely in drug and environmental testing. Innovations in interface technology such as inductively coupled plasma/MS, SFC/MS, and thermospray or particle beam interfaces for LC-MS have both advanced the technology and expanded the interest in applications. Recent MS instruments with automated sampling and computerized data analysis have added to the attractiveness of the technique for first time users.Spectroscopy accounts for half of all instrument sales and is the largest overall category of instruments, as the Alpert & Suftcliffe study shows. It can be broken down evenly into optical methods and electromagnetic, or nonoptical, spectroscopies. These categories include many individual high-cost items such as MS, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers, X-ray equipment, and electron microscopy and spectroscopy setups. Sales of spectroscopic instruments that are growing at or above the market rate include Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, plasma emission, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers. Others have matured and slowed down in growth, but may still hold a large share of the market.The future of analytical instrumentation does not appear to be without its new stars as there continue to be innovations and developments in existing technology. Among these are the introduction of FT Raman, IR dichroism, IR microscopy, and NMR imaging spectrometers. Hyphenated and automated apparatus are also appearing on the market more frequently. New analytical techniques like capillary electrophoresis, gel capillary electrophoresis, scanning tunneling microscopy for the imaging of conducting systems, atomic force microscopy for the imaging of biological systems, and other techniques for surface and materials analysis are already, or may soon be, appearing as commercialized instruments. And, if the chemical industry continues to do well in the next few years, so too will the sales of analytical instrumentation.The effect of alcohol have both medical and medicolegal implications. The estimationof alcohol in the blood or urine is relevant when the physician needs toknow whether it is responsible for the condition of the patient. From themedicolegal standpoint the alcohol level is relevant in cases of suddendeath, accidents while driving, and in cases when drunkenness is thedefense plea. The various factors in determining the time after ingestion showing maximum concentration and the quality of the alcohol are the weight of the subject,。
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♦ 首先,化工行业的现实情况是工厂里大多
数技术工艺、仪器和设备都是从国外进 口的,很多没有扎实专业英语知识的学生, 在工作中,一看到它们就一筹莫展,不知从 哪里开始了。
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♦ 其次,化学类专业英语,它在词汇、语法和
文体等各方面都有其独特的规律,如被动 语态等就用得特别多。只有掌握基础英 语,再熟悉一些化学类专业英语的翻译技 巧、构词法的学生,才有足够的信心去面 对各种科技英语文章。专业英语的学习 有助于学生对有关知识的巩固和加深理 解。特别是对未通过英语等级考试的同 学,又给他们提供了一个英语学习的机会, 对英语基础较好的学生,也可拓宽他们的 专业视野。
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♦ b. 构词法: ♦ 根据构词法记忆。如: conduct 传导-
conductor 导体- conductive 导电的conductivity导电性。
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♦ c. 推导法： ♦ 许多专业词汇的词议都由基本词义转化
而来, 可根据该词的基本词义推导记忆。 如: pulse 脉 博- 脉冲, Shield 躲蔽处- 屏蔽。
♦ 2、达（smooth）-----通畅 ♦
运用翻译技巧顺利表达原文意思。
♦ 3、准（precise）-----准确 ♦
用科学而严谨的术语准确翻译。
五、翻译过程
♦ 1、阅读 ♦ 2、思维 ♦ 3、理解 ♦ 4、口试 ♦ 5、书写 ♦ 6、校对 ♦ 7、润色 ♦ 8、表达
改革学习方法Байду номын сангаас 提高学习效率
课程性质２ 课程性质２
正确
♦ 化学化工英语=化学+公共英语 ♦ 化学工作者相互交流的语言 ♦ 号称-----第四语言
专业英语定义
♦ 化学化工专业英语（ Chemical English for Special Purpose ） ♦ 属于科技英语(English for Science and
Technology)的范畴，是用英语阐述科学 技术中的理论、技术、实验和现象等的 英语体系，它在词汇、语法、文体等方 面都有自己的特点，从而形成一门专门 学科。
课程的重要性
♦ 《大学英语教学大纲》修订本（以下简
称《新大纲》）对大学英语教学目标作 了新的阐述：培养学生具有较强的阅读 能力，一定的听、说、读、写、译能力， 使学生能以英语为工具交流信息。修订 后的大纲将大学英语教学分为基础阶段 和应用提高阶段，将原专业阅读改为专 业英语将“以英语为工具获取专业信 息”，提高为“以英语为工具交流信 息”。
化学化工专业英语教学的特点
♦ 化学化工专业英语有别于基础英语的最大的不
同之处是长句多、专业术语、词汇多。因为专 业英语教材的选文大多来源于欧美大学相关专 业的一些教材、硕(博)士论文、相关的书籍和 杂志、国际会议发表的论文、从网站下载的材 料、报刊科技评论等,内容涵盖了相关专业的最 新技术和最新研究动态。因此,专业英语的学习 不仅有助于学生了解专业英语的词汇、语言特 点,还能开阔他们的眼界,在横向上加宽学习的 范围和内容,而这也是摆脱应试学习束缚的有效 途径。
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♦ 目前一些大设计院所承接的项目多为世
行、亚行或其它国家的贷款或财政援助, 所有的设计文件(项目建议书、可行性研 究报告、初步设计说明书和施工图) 全部 是用英文编写,因此,毕业生若要尽快融入 工作,英语是十分重要的工具。 ♦ 很多人认为专业英语无非就是基础英语 加上专业字典,专科学校的学生上不上都 可以。其实,这是完全错误的。笔者认为 化学类专业的学生学习专业英语是非常 必要的。
些高等院校内率先试用英语开设基础课程和专 业课程,以培养高素质的,符合国际化标准的人 才,使学生毕业后能很快适应社会的要求,能够 进行国际交流与合作,参与国际竞争. ♦ 化学化工专业英语是大学英语教学的重要组成 部分,是促进学生完成从学习阶段过渡到应用阶 段的有效途径。 ♦ 如果说基础阶段的英语学习强化了生对难句、 语篇的理解能力和阅读技巧的把握,那么应用提 高阶段的英语学习则有助于他们对本专业外文 资料的搜集、阅读和翻译,以至能独立用英语撰 写论文摘要,在有影响的学术期刊上发表。
CESP
化学化工专业英语
Chemical English for Special Purpose
李月生
讲师
♦ 香港学习期间----位于维多利亚港的香港金融中心
♦
澳门学习期间-------背景为大三巴牌坊
上海学习期间
前言(preface) 前言
♦ 教育部于2001年年初制定出相关政策,计划在一
外, 在结束一单元的学习后进行词汇测验 和竞赛, 调动学生记忆单词的积极性, 从 而使同学们掌握了一定数量的专业词汇 和专业术语。
2 培养句子结构的分析能力
♦ 长句子多, 句子结构复杂是专业英语的一个语
言特征, 三年级学生虽然具备了一定的阅读能 力,但对分析复杂句子还缺乏训练。因此, 在专 业英语的教学过程中必须把这种训练贯穿到课 文教学的始终, 坚持不懈地训练, 才能收到成效。 在分析句子时应先弄清楚句子的性质, 看它是 简单句、并列句、还是复合句, 然后再进行分 析。只有把句子的结构理顺, 才能作到准确地 理解一个句子。 ♦ 笔者认为, 对句子结构的分析能力, 是一个人英 语能力的综合体现, 不是一朝一夕的事。在教 学过程中必须把这种训练贯穿到课文教学的始 终, 坚持不懈地训练, 才能收到成效。
子结构相对简单,专业英语中则常常涉及 结构较为复杂的长句,修饰成分很多,为正 确理解和翻译原文带来一定的难度。
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♦ 例如,“Physics standards include color,
turbidity(混浊度，混乱度） and odor, all of which are not dangerous in themselves but could, if present in excessive amounts, drive people to drink other, perhaps less safe water. ”这句话的生 词并不多,但是插入的修饰成分较多。理解这类 句子的关键是把句的基本结构提出来,先把主句 的意思弄明白,然后逐步把其它组分的意思插入 主句,可以是条件从句、定语或状语等,应结合 中文行文习惯考虑、视句子的意思而定。
课程意义
♦ 宏观意义 ♦ 为继续深造做铺垫 ♦ 就业工作的需要 ♦ 掌握一种新语言
课程意义２ 课程意义２
♦ 微观意义 ♦ 毕业论文写作准备 ♦ 拿到两个学分 ♦ 扩大词汇量，帮助顺利通过英语四、六
级
课程性质
♦ 误区
♦1、化工英语=公共英语 ♦2、化工英语=化学
化工专业英语与公共英语的区别
♦ 大学英语教学的基础阶段和专业阶段是两个不
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♦ 目前,各专业对专业英语教学的要求越来
越高。许多专业是新兴的、多学科交叉 的领域,新技术不断涌现,对外交流频繁。 为了能够了解、赶上世界先进技术的进 步和国外专业发展动向,本科生应该能够 熟练阅读专业文献,并在专业领域具有初 步的语言交流能力。新形式对大学生的 要求不仅是能够阅读,也应该能书写技术 文件,能够进行语言交流。
主要存在四个方面的区别
♦ 1 公共英语教学偏重根据英语的特点讲
解英语语法、时态、句型及其日常用法; 专业英语则侧重于一般性英语语法在专 业内容表达上的具体应用。
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♦ 2 专业英语中的表达比较规范,基本上没
有公共英语中的口语化语言或俗语。
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♦ 3 公共英语中的语言表达比较生活化,句
♦ 1 牢记专业英语词汇和专业术语。 ♦ 通过课文学习, 掌握专业词汇和专业术语
是专业英语教学的目的之一。这些词汇 和术语往往难以记住, 容易遗忘
记忆单词的方法:
♦ a. 归纳法： ♦ 如: 功能类: radiate 发射、reflect 反射、
output 输出、detect 探测、conduct 导电、 rectify 整流、amplify 放大、demodulate 调制。
3 培养翻译能力
♦ 培养翻译能力是专业英语教学的主要目
的之一。 ♦ 在科学技术飞速发展的今天, 具备一定的 笔译能力是十分必要的。因此, 专业英语 教学的重点应该放在培养和训练学生的 翻译能力上。笔者在进行课文教学时, 要 求学生把每篇课文都要翻译成汉语
具体教学步骤
♦ a. 学习词汇, 讲解部分单词的用法。
b. 初步翻译
♦ 在这一步中, 教师对课文不作任何解释,
但要求学生在动手翻译前先通读全文, 以 便对课文有一个整体了解。这一步对训 练翻译能力十分重要,决不能把这一步当 成对课文的预习性阅读, 阅读与笔译之间 有很大的差异, 开始时, 同学们会发现有 些句子能读懂, 但很难用汉语准确地表述。 有些句子翻译出来很别扭, 不符合汉语习 惯。
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♦ 与以前的大纲相比，《新大纲》首先是
内容拓宽了，它不仅要求顺利阅读、听 懂英语，以便获得专业所需的信息，同 时还要求以英语为工具获取专业信息。 ♦ 对于非英语专业的学生而言，英语水平 和能力的培养，不仅是文化素质的重要 部分，而且，在很大程度上也是能力的 补充和延伸，与基础英语相比，专业英 语显得尤为重要。
可分割的有机统一体。 ♦ 整个大学英语的教学过程,其目的就是要培养学 生今后在各自的专业岗位上具有一定的语言交 际能力。为使学生能够巩固他们在基础阶段所 形成的较强的英语阅读能力, 加强他们一定的 听和译的能力, 提高他们初步的写和说的能力, 大学高年级阶段的专业英语教学应立足于学生 在专业方面的语言交往能力。 ♦ 作为专业英语的教师,应正确认识到专业英语教 学与公共英语教学存在的区别,并在教学中采取 不同的措施,突出专业英语的教学重点,不能流 于形式,否则,容易使学生产生厌倦感。