后现代主义的简介(包括背景、定义、特点、在艺术中的表现、影响等)

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The Definitions
1)The extreme development of science∕ technology ∕ ration ∕and the second World War outbreak 2)The political economy conflicts of capitalist society intensified, the human survival of conditions even got worse
8 Uncertainty and Lack of Profundity; (take the world as a fragmental essence, components of works are reversed and have a spirit of playfulness )
9 Language– the Most Important ( Writers of postmodernism think that : language is the end .They obsessed in different kinds of play on words .This trait is especially obvious in poetry );
In late 1980s to 1990s, the decline of differentiation period
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Definitions of Postmodernism
Postmodernism is a complicated term, or set of ideas. while it is hard to define. because it is a concept that appears in a wide variety of disciplines or areas of study, including art, architecture, music, film, literature, sociology, communications, fashion, and technology.
reference or parallel to another work ,an extended discussion of a work ,or the adoption of a style);
3 Parody, Pastiche (Many postmodern authors combine elements of previous genres and styles of literature to create a new narrative voice ,or to comment on the writing of their contemporaries)
IV Schools of literature
1 The Theater of Absurd;
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The Emergence and Development Process of Postmodernism
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2
In 1960s and early 1970s, the emergence and initial development of postmodernism
In late 1970s to middle 1980s, its development got to the peak
Definitions of Postmodernism
3.The American Heritage Dictionary describes the meaning of the same term as of or relating to art, architecture, or literature that reacts against earlier modernist principles, as by reintroducing traditional or classical elements of styles or practices to extremes: "It (a roadhouse) is so architecturally interesting…with its postmodern wooden booths and sculptural clock" (Ruth Reichl, Cook’s November 1989).
1 Playfulness (Eschews playfully the possibility of meaning ;there is no organizing principle in world;)
2 Intertextuality ( Because of the acknowledgement of previous literary works, intertextuality in postmodern literature can be a
The Historical background
3)The nature destruction of capitalism intensified, threatening the survival of people
The Theory Sources of Postmodernism
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The anti-metaphysical tendencies in modern philosophy
4 Meta Fiction ( means writing about writing; techniques : narrative
shifts, comment on the act of story telling)
5 Maximalism ( vilified by its critics for being dis-organised, overly long ,emotionally disconnected and sprawling )
Definitions of Postmodernism
1.Postmodernism literally means “after the modernist movement”. While ‘modern’ itself refers to something “related to the present”, the movement of modernism and the following reaction of postmodernism are defined by a set of perspectives. It is used in critical theory to refer to a point of departure for works of literature, drama, architecture, and design, as well as in marketing and business and the interpretation of history, law and culture in the late 20th century.
Introduction to Postmodernism
Main Contents:
I the Emergence and Development of Postmodernism
II Definitions of Postmodernism
III Features of Postmodernism IV Schools of Postmodernism V Influence of Postmodernism
Definitions of Postmodernism
2.The term postmodern is described by MerriamWebster as meaning either of, relating to, or being an era after a modern one or of, relating to, or being any of various movements in reaction to modernism that are typically characterized by a return to traditional materials and forms (as in architecture) or finally of, relating to, or being a theory that involves a radical reappraisal of modern assumptions about culture, identity, history, or language
2 Wittgenstein’s（维特根斯坦）later language philosophy 3
Nietzche’s（尼采)irrationalism and non-moralistic viewpoints Heidegger’s （海德格尔）critic of western philosophy, the “language”, “existence” theory The impact on the traditional philosophy of development of hermeneutics(解释学）
Postmodern Literature
The term is used to describe certain tendencies in post-World War Ⅱliterature. It is both a continuation of experimentation championed by writers of the modernist period (relaying heavily, for example, on fragmentation, paradox, questionable narrators, etc.) and a reaction against Enlightenment ideas implicit in Modernist literature.
6 Minimalism
(the most basic and necessary pieces ,economy with words, providing a general context, such as works of
Fra Baidu bibliotek
Hemingway)
7 Anti - Tradition ; ( full of freedom, ignoring norms of creation; Its works are anti-fictions and anti-dramas ;attempts to break boundaries)
VI Postmodernism in Other Fields
I.The Emergence and Development of Postmodernism
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The Historical background The Theory Sources
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The Development process
10 Popularization and Sub-literature ( No longer absorbed in creating elite literature ,authors compose works for mass ,which suits people from all walks of life)