英语语法非限定动词(课堂PPT)
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Her boss got a lot of letters to be typed. (不是老板自己打，而是别人打)
“Do you have any clothes to be washed today” 12
不定式to的省略
1) 由 all，what 等引导的主语从句或者主语被only, first, one, least 或形容词最高级修饰时，而且从句中 含有是实意动词do时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往 往省去to。 All I did was empty the bottle.
19
1）一般式：不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态 与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其之后 发生。
I saw him climb up the tree.
We hope to build up a modern laboratory .
2）进行式：不定式进行式表示的动作在谓语动 词表示的动作发生时正在进行。
parents.
16
5) 由并列连词and，but, than, or 连接两个以上的具 有相同意义或功能的不定式时，第二个动词不定式 不带to。 I’d like to stay with you, help you and learn from you.
She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back.
1
非谓语动词也叫非限定性动词，即 它的形式不受主语人称和数的限制，不 能作谓语。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、 分词和动名词。
2
动词不定式
动词不定式的基本构成：
由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式 由not+不定式构成
动词不定式的句法作用法
可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语,状语和补语。 1、作主语 To master a foreign language is very important. Not to smoke will do you a lot of good.
She was found to be teaching the pupils to
make model planes.
20
3） 完成式：动词不定式表示的动作在谓语动词 表示的动作之前发生
I am sorry to have interrupt you just now.
4）完成进行式：不定式表示的动作在谓语动 词表示的动作之前开始发生，并延续到那个时 候，可能仍在进行。
6
有些动词如consider, prove, think, know, feel, suppose, discover, imagine, find 等也可跟 “宾语 + to be”的形式，使用中应注意。例如：
We found him (to be ) dishonest.
我们发现他不诚实。
We all know him to be dead.
5
6 作补语 The teacher allowed me to finish my homework on Friday. I invited him to come here. 有些动词如allow, advise, ask, beg, believe, call, enable, get, have, invite, let, make, order, notice, teach, tell 等后边常跟动词不定式 for reading C. to read
D. he read
13. He could do nothing but _______for the bus _________.
A. wait, to come B. wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came
making D .not to make
23
10. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.
A. and finished B. to finish finished
C. and finishing D. to
He is said to have been working in this
factory for more than twenty years.
21
1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.
3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music .
A .making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D .to make herself heard
我所做的是倒空这个瓶子。 What I wanted to do was drive all night.
我想做的是彻夜开车。 The only thing I could do was do it myself 。
我惟一能做的是我自己解决。
13
2) but,except(除…之外)后接不定式时，如果它们前 面有谓语动词do,便可省略to .反之则不能省略.如 He has no alternative but to go to see him. Last night I did nothing but watch TV. There is nothing he could do but play all day long。
是生存还是死亡，这是一个问题。
17
6) 7 以Why或Why not 开头表请求的结构中常 跟上动词原形,省略to。 Why not go out for a walk ?
18
动词不定式的时态和语态
动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态 和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下 几种，见下表。
4
5. 作状语。 不定式作状语可以表示目的,结果,原因等.如 目的: He come to see. He went to the supermarket to buy a pen. 结果: She woke up to find herself in bed. He returned home to find his wife had died 原因: I’m glad to meet you. She seems surprised to meet me.
11
2）不定式作定语，与靠近的名词或代词有逻辑的 动宾关系，但其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般用 主动语态。
I have much work to do
We found the book difficult to understand.
如果句子找不出上述逻辑主语，或不定式的逻 辑主语不是句中主语时，则一般用被动语态。
A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced
2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult.
A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make
10
注意事项：
1）当被不定式修饰的名词与后面的不定式有动宾 关系时（即为逻辑宾语），不定式结尾表示动宾关 系的介词不要丢掉。
At last we found a room to live in. I haven’t got a chair to sit on. I have a pen to write with.
注：如果两个不定式表示对照或对比时，则不能省 略to. To try and fail is better than not to try at all.
尝试而失败也比不尝试好。 He hasn′t decided whether to quit or to stay.
他还没有决定是去还是留。 To be or not to be, that is a question.
3
2、作宾语
I don’t expect to meet you here. I hope to hear from you soon.
有些动词只要求动词不定式作宾语，如 want, decide, learn, pretend, hope, expect, refuse, manage, long, promise, offer, hate等。
He is made to teach me English
15
4) Would rather 宁愿 would sooner Would you please 请您 had better 最好 Rather than 而不是 had rather 宁愿 can not but 不得不 can’t help but 不得不 may as well 不妨,最好 等习惯用法中,省略to 如 I would rather stay at home. Would you please close the window? Mary could not but/ couldn’t help but lie to her
14
3)在make（使）, let（让）, have（使，叫）等使 役动词后；
在see（看）, watch （观看）, look at（看）, observe（观察，看见）, perceive（看见）, feel （感觉）, hear（听）, listen to（听...）, notice （发现，注意）等表示感官的动词等后面省去动词 不定式符号“to”。但如果句子变成被动时,则不能省 .如: I make him teach me English.
我们都以为他死了。
7
动词不定式复合结构的用法
1、作主语，常用it作形式主语。 It’s difficult for you to study English. It’s nice of you to help me.
2. 在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，由it作形式宾语。
8
3、作表语 Her wish is to become a doctor in the future. To the doctor, the most important thing is to save lives.
22
4. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.
A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told 5. The teacher asked us ______so much noise. A .don’t make B. not make C. not
11. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.
A. to have not D. not having
B. to not have
C. not to have
12. Will you lend him a magazine _________?
4、作定语， 放在被修饰词的后面。
Do you have anything to say? She is a very nice person to work with.
9
当不定式作直接宾语，它后面还有宾语补足语 时，需用it作形式宾语代替不定式，而把不定式放 在补足语之后。
I find it difficult to believe him. I feel it right to tell her the truth.
“Do you have any clothes to be washed today” 12
不定式to的省略
1) 由 all，what 等引导的主语从句或者主语被only, first, one, least 或形容词最高级修饰时，而且从句中 含有是实意动词do时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往 往省去to。 All I did was empty the bottle.
19
1）一般式：不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态 与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其之后 发生。
I saw him climb up the tree.
We hope to build up a modern laboratory .
2）进行式：不定式进行式表示的动作在谓语动 词表示的动作发生时正在进行。
parents.
16
5) 由并列连词and，but, than, or 连接两个以上的具 有相同意义或功能的不定式时，第二个动词不定式 不带to。 I’d like to stay with you, help you and learn from you.
She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back.
1
非谓语动词也叫非限定性动词，即 它的形式不受主语人称和数的限制，不 能作谓语。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、 分词和动名词。
2
动词不定式
动词不定式的基本构成：
由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式 由not+不定式构成
动词不定式的句法作用法
可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语,状语和补语。 1、作主语 To master a foreign language is very important. Not to smoke will do you a lot of good.
She was found to be teaching the pupils to
make model planes.
20
3） 完成式：动词不定式表示的动作在谓语动词 表示的动作之前发生
I am sorry to have interrupt you just now.
4）完成进行式：不定式表示的动作在谓语动 词表示的动作之前开始发生，并延续到那个时 候，可能仍在进行。
6
有些动词如consider, prove, think, know, feel, suppose, discover, imagine, find 等也可跟 “宾语 + to be”的形式，使用中应注意。例如：
We found him (to be ) dishonest.
我们发现他不诚实。
We all know him to be dead.
5
6 作补语 The teacher allowed me to finish my homework on Friday. I invited him to come here. 有些动词如allow, advise, ask, beg, believe, call, enable, get, have, invite, let, make, order, notice, teach, tell 等后边常跟动词不定式 for reading C. to read
D. he read
13. He could do nothing but _______for the bus _________.
A. wait, to come B. wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came
making D .not to make
23
10. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.
A. and finished B. to finish finished
C. and finishing D. to
He is said to have been working in this
factory for more than twenty years.
21
1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.
3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music .
A .making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D .to make herself heard
我所做的是倒空这个瓶子。 What I wanted to do was drive all night.
我想做的是彻夜开车。 The only thing I could do was do it myself 。
我惟一能做的是我自己解决。
13
2) but,except(除…之外)后接不定式时，如果它们前 面有谓语动词do,便可省略to .反之则不能省略.如 He has no alternative but to go to see him. Last night I did nothing but watch TV. There is nothing he could do but play all day long。
是生存还是死亡，这是一个问题。
17
6) 7 以Why或Why not 开头表请求的结构中常 跟上动词原形,省略to。 Why not go out for a walk ?
18
动词不定式的时态和语态
动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态 和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下 几种，见下表。
4
5. 作状语。 不定式作状语可以表示目的,结果,原因等.如 目的: He come to see. He went to the supermarket to buy a pen. 结果: She woke up to find herself in bed. He returned home to find his wife had died 原因: I’m glad to meet you. She seems surprised to meet me.
11
2）不定式作定语，与靠近的名词或代词有逻辑的 动宾关系，但其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般用 主动语态。
I have much work to do
We found the book difficult to understand.
如果句子找不出上述逻辑主语，或不定式的逻 辑主语不是句中主语时，则一般用被动语态。
A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced
2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult.
A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make
10
注意事项：
1）当被不定式修饰的名词与后面的不定式有动宾 关系时（即为逻辑宾语），不定式结尾表示动宾关 系的介词不要丢掉。
At last we found a room to live in. I haven’t got a chair to sit on. I have a pen to write with.
注：如果两个不定式表示对照或对比时，则不能省 略to. To try and fail is better than not to try at all.
尝试而失败也比不尝试好。 He hasn′t decided whether to quit or to stay.
他还没有决定是去还是留。 To be or not to be, that is a question.
3
2、作宾语
I don’t expect to meet you here. I hope to hear from you soon.
有些动词只要求动词不定式作宾语，如 want, decide, learn, pretend, hope, expect, refuse, manage, long, promise, offer, hate等。
He is made to teach me English
15
4) Would rather 宁愿 would sooner Would you please 请您 had better 最好 Rather than 而不是 had rather 宁愿 can not but 不得不 can’t help but 不得不 may as well 不妨,最好 等习惯用法中,省略to 如 I would rather stay at home. Would you please close the window? Mary could not but/ couldn’t help but lie to her
14
3)在make（使）, let（让）, have（使，叫）等使 役动词后；
在see（看）, watch （观看）, look at（看）, observe（观察，看见）, perceive（看见）, feel （感觉）, hear（听）, listen to（听...）, notice （发现，注意）等表示感官的动词等后面省去动词 不定式符号“to”。但如果句子变成被动时,则不能省 .如: I make him teach me English.
我们都以为他死了。
7
动词不定式复合结构的用法
1、作主语，常用it作形式主语。 It’s difficult for you to study English. It’s nice of you to help me.
2. 在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，由it作形式宾语。
8
3、作表语 Her wish is to become a doctor in the future. To the doctor, the most important thing is to save lives.
22
4. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.
A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told 5. The teacher asked us ______so much noise. A .don’t make B. not make C. not
11. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.
A. to have not D. not having
B. to not have
C. not to have
12. Will you lend him a magazine _________?
4、作定语， 放在被修饰词的后面。
Do you have anything to say? She is a very nice person to work with.
9
当不定式作直接宾语，它后面还有宾语补足语 时，需用it作形式宾语代替不定式，而把不定式放 在补足语之后。
I find it difficult to believe him. I feel it right to tell her the truth.