高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解12---主谓一致(解析版)

高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解
专题十专题十二二 主谓一致
语法一致的常考
点 and ，both...and...连接两个或两个以上单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and 连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用
单数形式。

Both Lucy and Lily are twin sisters. Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room. The poet and writer has produced many works. Politics and sports don't mix.
“the number of...” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“a number of...”作主语时，谓语动词用复数 The number of travelers to London has dropped by 100,000.
A number of factories have moved out of Beijing.
The number of people invited was one hundred, but a
number of them were absent for different reasons.
a quantity of 后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of 后名词的数以及其表示的意义。

quantities of 后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。

A quantity of time has been wasted on the project. ＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project. 大量的时间被浪费在了这个项目上。

many a, more than one 接单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 each, every, no 所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and 连接，谓语动词仍用单数。

Many a famous pop star has been ruined by drugs. Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.
More than one worker has finished the task. Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 关系代词作主语，定语从句中谓语动词的
数取决于先行词
I’m ready to do all those things which are more challenging. They took the only free table, which was just inside the
door.
主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as, rather than 等短语时，谓语动词的数与短语前名词的数保持一致They, together with my father, have gone to Washington. Tom, as well as his parents, goes to Beijing for a visit. The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.
I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.
意义一致的常考点表示时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时，
谓语动词用单数
2,500 miles is a long distance.
Two hours is too short for the visit.
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 分数／百分数／all/some/most/the rest/the
remaining/part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的
数根据of后的名词决定
The rest of the workers are still very tired.
The rest of the oil was wasted.
A lot of students are coming to the meeting.
A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with
water.
“the+形容词”表示一类人／物时，谓语动词
用复数；表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单
数
Many of the wounded were on their way to hospital.
The beautiful is loved by all.
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
不可数名词、不定式、动名词以及从句作
主语时，谓语动词用单数
Persuading him to join us seems really hard.
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
Whatever was left was taken away.
All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of
chemicals in farming is damaging our health.
What he said is far from the truth.
family, team, group, government等集体名词
若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若侧
重其成员，谓语动词用复数
Our team wins first in the game.
The whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and
fifteen girls, were told to stay behind after school to have
an important meeting yesterday.
My family are going on a trip this summer.
The group does not advocate the use of violence.
The population of Canada is about 29 million.
population 表示人口时，谓语动词用单数；当其前有分数、百分数修饰时，表示全体居民，这时谓语动词用复数A third of the population now smoke in this country. Thirteen percent of the population live below the poverty line.
About one third of the books are worth reading. Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
邻近一致的常考点由or, either...or, neither...nor, not...but, not
only...but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动
词的单复数要与最靠近的主语的单复数一
致
Was he or you able to persuade her?
Neither he nor I am going to the cinema.
Not only does she speak Spanish, she's also good with
computers.
Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes
great interest in the piano lessons.
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting
that is due tomorrow.
主谓一致的特殊情况＂one/either/each of+复数名词／代词”作主
语时，谓语动词常用单数
One of the judges was TV presenter Dawn Porter.
Either of the plans is equally dangerous.
one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动
词用单数
One and a half hours is enough.
One and a half years ago, they had a Chinese teacher teac
hing Chinese, but now they have only Indian teachers. “It+be+被强调部分＋that/who+其他部分”强
调句型中，如果被强调部分是主语，
that/who后谓语与被强调部分的人称和数保
持一致
It is they who have worked there for five years.
It is he who washes me clean; it is he who gives me
a spirit of strength and perseverance; it is he who makes
me pure; it is he who frees me from sin; and it is he who
gives me hope.
“the majority of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语
动词用复数
The majority of boys like football.
The majority of contracts give the publisher the right to ed
it a book after it's done.
2021高考英语语法
高考英语语法【【主谓一致
主谓一致】】易错点对点训练30题
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.Amy, as well as her brothers, （give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
2.Does the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question （suggest) that, for most students, it doesn't.
3.Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six （be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
4.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, （be) regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
5.It is important to remember that success （be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often （take)years to achieve.
【答案详解】
1.was given 解析：句意：埃米和她的兄弟们上周回到村里时受到了热烈的欢迎。

A as well as B 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由A,也就是本题中的Amy 决定：由last week 可知，give 表示的动作发生在过去，且Amy 与 give 是被动关系，因此填was given.
2.suggests/suggested/has suggested 解析：根据上下文语境可知，此处用一般现在时、一般过去时或现在完成时都可以。

主语 research 是不可数名词，suggest 用第三人称单数，这里suggest 是“表明”之意。

3.are 解析：此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；six 指代＂six polar bear subpopulations”，谓语动词应用复数。

4.is 解析：当主语后面接 along with 引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语（cycling)保持一致，再由Nowadays 可知，用一般现在时，故填is.
5.is, takes 解析：句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天做出的小努力的积累而且花很多年才能达到。

因为主语success 是单数，由句首的is 可知，是一般现在时态，故填is 和takes.
II.精选典题精选典题主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致专题对点训练专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6. Each student ______(learn) a foreign language, mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education.
7. At the foot of the mountain ______(lie) an old village which has a beautiful view.
8. The publication of Great Expectations ，which______(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised ，strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.
9. What they need most______(be) money while what we need most ______(be) textbooks.
10. Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture，and he as well as his assistants ______ (be) to arrive by air.
11. A survey of the opinions of experts _____(show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ______(be) good for one's health.
12. There ______(be) a dog and three ducks in the yard，in the middle of which ______(be) two tall trees with great shade.
13. Neither In or Amy ______(be) to attend the business conference if we are busy.
14. A red rose, rather than yellow roses, ______(act) as the traditional romantic gift given to your love on Valentine's Day.
15. In general，preparing for new debate topics usually ______(include) brainstorming arguments， researching a resolution(解决) ，and doing debate practice.
【答案详解】
6.learns解析：主语是each student，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

7.lies 解析：当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分which has a beautiful view后.还原成正常语序为：An old village (lie) at the foot of the mountain.。

句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。

结合定语从句的时态可以判断，此处应用一般现在时，故填lies。

8.was 句意：受到广泛好评和高度称赞的《远大前程》的出版巩固了狄更斯作为一名杰出小说家的地位。

分析句子结构可知， which引导定语从句，其先行词是Great Ez pectations，这是一本书，所以定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，另根据strengthened可知，此处应用一般过去时，故用was。

9.is；are解析：what引导的从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分是系表结构，主句谓语动词的数通常要与作表语的名词/代词的数保持一致，money为不可数名词，textbooks为可数名词复数，故第一空用is，第二空用are，
10.is 句意：詹姆斯教授将给我们做一次关于西方文化的演讲，他和他的助理将乘飞机到达。

as well as连接并列成分时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面主语保持一致。

11.shows ；is 解析:主句主语是A survey，故主句谓语用单数，第一空填shows；第二空前的three hours of outdoor exercise a week 表示整体概念，故从句谓语动词用单数形式。

12.is；are解析：在there be句式中，谓语动词的数取决于最靠近be的名词(短语) ，由题干中的a dog可知，第一空用is。

第二空用are，two tall trees with great shade表示复数概念，作表语的介词短语提前构成
了倒装。

13.is 句意：如果我们忙的话，我和埃米就都不去参加商务会议了。

neither...nor...连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与最近的名词或代词保持一致。

设空处的单复数形式应与Amy 一致， 根据从句的时态可知应用一般现在时。

故填is ，
14.acts 解析：考查时态及主谓一致。

本段描述的都是客观情况, 故应用一般现在时；句子的主语是A red rose ， 而不是rather than 后的yellow roses ， 所以谓语动词应该用单数形式，故填acts 。

15.includes 解析：句中主语为preparing for new debate topics ， 是动名词短语， 故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

III.精选典题精选典题主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致专题对点训练专题对点训练·单句改错
16. There was many tasks I had to finish. Besides, I attended English and Math training classes because of my weaknesses in the two subjects.
17. It's said that not getting enough sleep lead to poor judgement ，lack of creativity ，and even depression.
18. As the saying go ，“United west and ； divided we fall.”
19. She is one of the students who has passed the exams.
20. Last month ，the family as well as their dog ，was trapped on the roof by the flood.
【答案详解】
16.was→were 解析：考查there be...句型的主谓一致。

be 动词的单复数取决于后面紧邻的主语的单复数，此处主语为复数，be 动词应用复数，故将was 改为were 。

17.lead→leads 解析：从句中主语not getting enough sleep 是动名词结构，谓语动词应用单数形式，根据主句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，所以填leads 。

18.go→goes 解析：句子的主语the saying 是单数, 谓语应用第三人称单数, 故go 改为goes 。

19.has→have 解析：先行词为the students, 而非one, 关系代词who 在从句中作主语， 其谓语动词的数与先行词the students 保持一致，故has 改为have 。

20.was→were 解析： as well as 连接两个并列成分, 谓语动词的数与as well as 前的主语保持一致， 此处the family 指一家人，故谓语动词用复数形式。

IV .精选典题精选典题主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致专题对点训练专题对点训练·短文语法填空
I have two sons ，Tom and Mike. Both 21. (be) fond of playing football ，but neither Tom nor Mike 22. (care) for swimming because they are afraid of water.
Recently Tom，as well as his friends 23. (set) up a club of their own，where many a student 24. (play) chess after school.The number of the students going there 25. (increase) day by day and a large n u mb e r o f s t u d e n t s26.(b e)k e e n o n p l a yi n g g a me s t h e r e. A p o e t a n d wr i t e r 27. (be) to deliver a lecture next Sunday. Quantities of money 28. (collect) for the victims in the storm at present，Not only Tom but also Mike 29. (play) an important role in the activity. Each boy and girl belonging to the club 30. (be) in favour of this activity.
【语篇解读】本文主要讲了作者的两个儿子开设自己社团的故事。

21.are解析：both作主语，谓语动词用复数。

22.cares解析：neither...nor...作主语, 谓语动词采用就近一致原则。

23.has set解析：as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词采用就前一致原则。

由recently可知，用现在完成时。

24.plays解析：many a十单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

25.is increasing解析：the number of...作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

26.area解析： number of...作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

27.is解析：两个名词共用一个冠词，指一人身兼两职，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
28.are being collected解析： quantities of...作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

29.plays解析：not only…but also.作主语，谓语动词采用就近一致原则。

30.is 解析：each十单数名词and(each) +单数名词，作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。