吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》模拟试题及详解(一)【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-伊丽莎白·巴雷特·勃朗宁【圣才出品】
第33章伊丽莎白·巴雷特·勃朗宁33.1复习笔记Elizabeth Barrett Browning(1806-1861)(伊丽莎白·巴雷特•勃朗宁)1.Life(生平)Elizabeth Barrett was born in1806at Durham,cated at home,Elizabeth had written her first“epic”poem by the age of12.But when she was fifteen,a fall from her horse injured her spine.Despite her ailments,he devoted herself to study Hebrew and Greek.With her enthusiasm for her Christian faith,she became active in the Bible and Missionary Societies for her church.Later she lived in her father’s London house under his tyrannical rule.After her brother’s death,she became an invalid and a recluse in her bedroom for5years.In1844,her Poems attracted Robert Browning’s attention and they exchanged574letters over the next20months. Regardless of her father’s opposition,they eloped in1846and settled in Italy,where her health improved and she bore a son.Her father never spoke to her again.Elizabeth’s Sonnets from the Portuguese,dedicated to her husband and written in secret before her marriage,was published in1850.She died in Florence in1861.伊丽莎白·巴雷特1806年出生在英国达勒姆。
吴伟仁的英国文学史及选读
History and Anthology of English LiteraturePart One The Anglo-Saxon PeriodBeowulfQuestions:1.The earliest literature falls into two divisions ___________,and_______________.2.Christianity brings England not only __________ and___________but also thewealth of a new language.3.Who is Beowulf? And What is Beowulf?4.How did Beowulf come into being?5.Who is Grendel? And what is the result of Grendel‟s fight with Beowulf?6.How did the Jutes hold the funeral for him?Key points of this part:The most important work of old English literature is Beowulf------- the national epic of the English people. It is of Germanic heritage, perhaps the greatest Germanic epic and contains evidently pre-Christian elements existing at first in an oral tradition, the poem was passed from mouth to mouth for generations before it was written down. The manuscript preserved today was written in the Wessex tongue about 1000A.D., consisting altogether of 3183 lines.There are three episodes related to the career of Beowulf:1.the fight with the monster, Grendel.2.The fight with Grendel‟s mother, a still more frightful she-monster.3.The moral combat with the fire Dragon.The significance lies in the vivid portrayal of a great national hero, who is brave, courageous, selfless, and ever helpful to his people.There are three important features::1.Alliteration (words beginning with the same consonant sound). This ischaracteristic of all old English verse.2.Metaphors and understatements. There are many compound words used in thepoem to serve as indirect metaphors that are sometimes very picturesque. , e.g.“riging-giver”is used for King; “hearth-companions “for his attendant warriors;“Whale‟s road” for the sea; “spear-fighter” for soldier etc. And as understatement we can see: “not troublesome”for welcome; “need not praise”for a right to condemn. This quality is often regarded as characteristic of the English people and their language.3.Mixture of pagan and Christian elements: the observing of omen, cremation,blood-revenge, and the praise of worldly glory.All these woven into the poem.Part Two The Anglo-Norman Period (1066---1350)Questions:1.When and led by whom did England begin to receive French civilization andlanguage?2.What are the chief features of the literature in this period?3.What are the three types of the stories in this period?4.Who is the green knight? Why did he cut Gawain three times and why didGawain feel shame?5.Did Gawain win the game of exchanging blows?6.Why did the green knight offer the green girdle as a free gift to Gawainfinally?Medieval Literature Anglo-Norman PeriodThere are a few occurrences of historic events that should be kept in mind:1)The Establishment of the Feudal System2)The 1381 peasant Uprising------Watt Tyler of Kent: 100000 people marched onLondon, destroyed manor-houses, burnt court paper--- records of their bondage and demanded the abolition of serf slavery and a general pardon.3)The Launching of the Crusades: a series of wars between Christians and Muslimsthat lasted for 170 years.4)The Signing of the Magna Carter in 1215 by which King John was forced torecognize the rights of the powerful barons.5)The War with France or the Hundred Years‟ War (1337-1453)Sir Gawain and the Green KnightOne important story in the Arthurian legend has been refined in detail in a famous medieval poem. Little is know about its author except he was a contemporary of Chaucer and probably a Christian priest. The poem was composed towards the end of the 14th century (about 1375) as an evident effort to extol Sir Gawain and his knightly virtues of loyalty, valor, rectitude, and integrity.Sir Gawain is an upright knight, ever ready to uphold the ideals of King Arthur‟s court. One Christmas, as the story goes, a knight all in green appears at court and challenges the king to cut off his head on the condition that he comes to meet him in one year‟s time. Sir Gawain stands out for his lord and beheads the weird visitor.The Green Knight takes up his head and leaves. When the appointed time comes, Sir Gawain sets off to meet him. He comes to a castle and is well received by its lord and lady. The lord invites Sir Gawain to go hunting with him, but the knight prefers to stay at home. The two agree to share in the evening whatever they may have won during the day. This goes on for three days. On the first day the lord ofthe castle hunts for a deer, while Sir Gawain is under the lady‟s siege to kiss her. The lord is happy to give half of his trophy in the evening to Sir Gawain in return for his brief kiss on his cheek. The second day ends with the lord giving half a boar for another brief kiss. When the third evening comes, the lord gets three kisses for half of his fox‟s skin, Sir Gawain having withheld the girdle that the lady has forced on him for his safety. Then the day comes to meet the Green Knight, who turns out to be the lord of the castle. Sir Gawain shrinks a little but soon recovers his valor to face the blow. But the Green Knight only cuts a scratch on his neck, saying that he would not even have done that to him had he shared the girdle with him in honesty. They become good friends. Sir Gawain goes back to the king‟s court.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a 4-part work of 2,530 lines in 101 sections. Part one(11.1-490) deals with the beheading; part two(11.491-1125)tells of the long and arduous trip Gawain makes to the castle; part three(11.1126-1996) relates the three days he spends in a bargain with the lord; and part four(11.1997-2530) wraps up his trip with his final encounter with the Green Knight and the anti-climatic revelation of the moral of the story. In structural terms the narrative is well conceived and neatly knit into an organic unity. The different parts and sections interlock and the threads are pulled together to offer a sense of finality. There is also a fine psychological element that enriches the plot and adds to the characterization. Sir Gawain is not presented as a rigid heroic type but as a human being with his worries and fears. The description of the change of seasons appears in a long portion of the second part of the poem, serves in fact as a means of externalizing the complex inner world of the man going to his death. In addition, Sir Gawain‟s hiding of the girdle, which the lady says can protect him form harm, is a nice tour de force to throw the man‟s fear into relief. There is then the three days‟ bargaining, which reveals the nature of the temptations that put Sir Gawain‟s integrity into a strenuous test—the lady‟s progressive advances to him. To the intensity of the lady‟s offensive, the hunting serves as an apt foil—deer (timidity). The boar (the wild and aggressive), and the fox (the cunning).The characterization of Sir Gawain is very interesting to note. His portrait is vivid and fully rounded. There is in him a stranger medley of conflicting qualities that makes him perfectly human. Alongside the best of all human virtues, there is also an indication of traits not altogether admirable. He hesitates in face of possible danger as Roland in C hanson de Roland does not. He meditates as Roland does not. He is just a little short of an ideal hero. The effect of allowing readers to see all the aspects of his personality is achieved by a subtly imbedded irony, a good-natured satirical edge, against chivalry.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight shares quite a few basic features with Old English poems like Beowulf. In line structure and the use of devices such as alliteration, it is notably similar. As it was written in the north Midland dialect, it is less approachable than Chaucer‟s London dialect. Usually, a modern translation is dispensable.Part IIIGeoffreyChaucer (1340----1400)Warming-up activity for pre-readingI.Fill in the blanks:1.Geoffrey Chaucer, the “________” and one of the greatest narrative poetsof England, was born in London in about 1340.2.Chaucer‟s masterpiece is ___, one of the most famous works in allliterature.3.The ________ provides a frame work for the tales in The Canterbury Tales ,and it comprises group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.4.Chaucer created in The Canterbury Tales a strikingly brilliant andpicturesque panorama of ______.5.The Canterbury Tales opens with a general “Prologue” where we are toldof a company of pilgrims that gathered at ____Inn in Southwark, a suburb of London.6.Despite the enormous plan, The Canterbury Tales in fact contains a general“Prologue” and only ____ tales, of which two are left unfinished.II.Choose the best answer:1.Who is the “father of English poetry”and one of the greatest narrativepoets of England?a) Christopher Marlow b) Geoffrey Chaucer c) W.Shakespeare2. When he died, Chaucer was buried in ____the Poet‟s Cornera) Westminster Abbey b) Normandy c) CanterburyIII. Question for consideration:1.What is the social significance of The Canterbury Tales?The English which was used from about 1100---1500 is called Middle English, and the greatest poet of the time was Geoffrey Chaucer.Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of the middle ages. Although he was born a commoner, a merchant family, he did not live as a commoner; and although he was accepted by the aristocracy, he must always have been conscious of the fact that he did not really belong to that society of which birth alone could make one a true member. Chaucer characteristically regarded life in terms of aristocratic ideals, but he never lost the ability of regarding life as a purely practical matter. The art of being at once involved in and detached from a given situation is peculiarly Chaucer‟s.The influence of Renaissance was already felt in the field of English literature when Chaucer was learning from the great Italian writers like Petrarch and Boccaccio in the last part of the 14th century. Chaucer affirmed man‟s right to pursue earthly happiness and opposed asceticism; he praised man‟s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life; he expose and satirized the social vices, including religious abuses. It thus can be said the though essentially still a medieval writer, Chaucer bore ；[ ‘；marks of humanism and participated a new era to come.From his birth to his death, Chaucer dealt continually with all sorts of people, the highest and the lowest, and his observant mind made the most of this ever-present opportunity. His wide range of reading gave himplots and ideas, but his experience gave him models of characters. In hisworks, Chaucer explores the theme of the individual‟s relation to the society in which he lives; he portrays clashes of characters‟ temperaments and their conflicts over material interests, he also shows the comic and ironic effects obtainable from the class distinctions felt by the newly emerged bourgeoisie as in the case of the Wife of Bath who is depicted as the new bourgeois wife asserting her independence. In short, Chaucer develops his characterization to a higher artistic level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual disposition.Chaucer dominated the works of his 15th-century English followers and the so-called Scottish Chaucerians For the Renaissance, he was the English Homer. Edmund Spenser paid tribute to him as his master; many Shakespeare‟s plays show thorough assimilation as Chaucer‟s comic spirit.Today, Chaucer‟reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor, and humanity.The Canterbury Tales total altogether about 17000 lines, about half of Chaucer‟s literary productionChaucer‟s best-known work The Canterbury Tales was written in the last 14 years of the poet‟s life. According to his original plan, the poem was to be a collection of something like a hundred and twenty tales, but it was not completed upon his death, and contains ,as we have it now, a general Prologue and only twenty-four tales, of which two are left unfinished. The poem as a whole gives a vivid and comprehensive picture of the social conditions of fourteenth-century England.The general Prologue, serves as a general introduction to the collection of tales. It first tells how the poet, preparing to go on a pilgrimage shrine of St. Thomas a Becket at Canterbury, meets at the Tabard Inn in a London suburb twenty-nine other pilgrims bent on the same mission. Then he gives leisurely descriptions of the pilgrims one after another, revealing not only their outward appearances and professions but also their ways of life and their diverse tastes and humors. At the close of the Prologue, the host of the inn suggests to the pilgrims to entertain themselves on the journey to and from Canterbury by telling stories to one another, and the suggestion being accepted by all, the host offers to accompany them on their pilgrimage. Then the next day, after the drawing of lots the knight is the first of the pilgrims to tell a story. The twenty-nine pilgrims, representing almost all the classes and social groups of the poet‟s day ( with the only exceptions of the royalty and top nobility and the poorest laboring folk), are portrayed very effectively by the poet with much humor and satire.Part IV. The Renaissance of English literatureSupplemental material for the RenaissanceThe Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means rebirth or revival, is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the recovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. English Renaissance is perhaps England‟s Golden Age, especially in literature. Among the literary giants were Shakespeare, Spenser, Ben Jonson, Philip Sidney, Christopher Marlow, Bacon and John Donne.Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.English Renaissancemay be conveniently divided into three distinc stages: 1) Oxford Reformers by Thomas More and his Utopia 2) Elizabethan Age covers up roughly the second half of the 16th century,in poetry, Sidney and Spenser to Shakespeare and Ben Jonson and John Donne; in Drama, from the influence of church drama and folkdrama, By Marlowe, to the more mature comedies and the early tragedies of Shakepeare .Thomas More1478-1535More, the son of a judge of the king‟s Bench, first studied the classics at Oxford and then went to the Inns of Court. He began his career as a lawyer and became member of parliament when he was only 22. He offended Henry VII by speaking in parliament against the king‟s demands for subsidies. He retired to a monastery but left it after finding ignorance and hypocrisy in monastic life. When Henry VIII came to the throne, More returned to active life and was successively published his Under Shriff of Londen, Master of Request etc.Thomas More is the greatest humanistic leader of early 16th century. His masterpiece is Utopia tells the story of More meeting a traveller, who has discovered …Utopia‟which means …nowhere land coming from two Greek words signigying no place. In Utopia, the private ownership of property has been abolished. All citizens are politically equal. Everybody takes part in labour.The products of the society are distributed according to the needs of each citizen.The book at once became popular was translated into English from Latin.Main idea of the book, The miseries of the English people arising out of thepractice of the enclosure of land are vividly painted in particular, and the existence of private proverty is pointed out as the source of all social evils.Edmund Spenser(1552-1599)He was born in London and received a good education at Cambridge. He left Cambridge in 1576 and went to the north of England, where he fell in love and recorded his laments over the loss of Rosalind in love in The Shepheardes Calender He died “for want of bread”. He was buried beside his master Chaucer in Westminster Abbey.His masterpiece is The Faerie Queene, a great poem of its age. According to his own explanation, his principal intention is to present through “ historical poem”the example of a perfect gentleman: “to fashion gentleman or noble person in virtuous and gentle discipline.” He speaks of 12 virtues of the private gentleman, and plans 12 books, each one with a different hero distinguished for one of the private virtues. The hero of heroes, who possesses all of virtues, is Arthur , and he is to play a role in each of the 12 major adventures, which has its own individual hero. Another character contributing to the unity of the work is Gloriana, the Fairy Queen. It is from her court and at her bidding that each of the heroes sets out on his particular adventure. Prince Arthur‟s great mission is his search forthe Fairy Queen, with whom he has fallen in love through a love vision. The Faerie Queene is full of adventur4es and marvels, dragons, witches, enchanted trees giants and the like.It is also an allegory.Five main qualities of Spenser‟s poetry should be mentioned; 1) a perfect melody;2) a rare sense of beauty; 3) a splendid imagination; 4) a lofty moral purity and seriousness; and 5) a dedicated idealism. It is Spenser‟s idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as “the poets’ poet.”Example from his The Faerie QueeneA Gentle Knight was pricking on the plaine,Ycladd in mightie armes and silver shield,Wherein old dints of deepe wounds did remaine,The cruel markes of many a bloudy fielde;Yet armes till that time did he never wield:His angry steede did chide his forming bitt,As much disdayning to the curbe to yied;Full jolly knight he seemed, and fairy did sitt,As one for knightly giusts and fierce encounters fitt.And the last thing for us to keep in our mind is The SpenserianStanza which was invented by the poet himself, meaning a stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter and the last nine line in iambic hexameter, rhyming abab bcbccChristopher MarloweBorn in 1564-1593, he was the son of a Canterbury shoemaker. Scholarships took him first to the King‟s School, and then Cambridge. During his stay at Cambridge, his career as a man of letters got started. His play, Tamburlaine, written before he left Cambridge, turned out to be a sweeping success on the stage. When he came to London in 1584, his soul was surging with the ideals of the Renaissance, which later found expression in Dr. Faustus On May 30, 1593, Marlowe was killed in a quarrel over a tavern bill in Deptford.As the most gifted of the “University Wits”, Marlowe composed six plays within his short lifetime. Among them the most important are : Tamburlaine, Dr. Faustus , The Jew of Malta and Edward II.Dr. Faustus is a play based on the German legend of a magician aspiring for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil. The play‟s dominant moral is human rather than religious. It celebrates the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness; it also reveals man‟s frustration in realizing the high aspirations in a hostile moral order. And the confinement to time is the cruelest fact of man‟s condition.His greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the chief instrument of English drama.Another achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama. Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from both gods and men. He embodies Marlowe‟s humanistic ideal of human dignity and capacity. Different from the tragic hero in medieval plays, who seeks the way to heaven through salvation and God‟swill, he is against conventional morality and contrives to obtain heaven on earth through his own efforts. With the endless aspiration fro power, knowledge, and glory, the hero interprets the true Renaissance spirit.Example from Dr. Faustus:METH. Now, Faustus, what wouldst thou have me do?Faustus: I charge thee wait on me whilst I liveTo do whatever Faustus shall command,Be it be make the moon drop from her sphereOr the Ocean to overwhelm the world.METH. I am a servant to great LuciferAnd may not follow thee without his leave:No more than he commands must we performBen Jonson (1573-1637)He was the last great Elizabethan and probably the first poet laureate(1616) and the first literary dictator in English history. And also he was regarded as Shakespeare‟s formidable rival and most well-known successor. He was a soldier, an actor, a playwright, poet, scholar, critic, man of letters, and head of a literary group. Around him was clustered a group of literary figures called “sons of Ben”. Ben Jonson was a man of wisdom. He could always make himself victorious in allmatters. As a soldier in Flanders, he fought singled-handed with an enemy soldier and killed this man. As a person who was to be hanged for killing a fellow-actor, he got himself free by proving he could read and write. He came out of jail though he insulted the King‟s home country Scotland. He had literary wars with other playwrights. He rode out the trouble when he was much suspected after the Gunpowder Plot. He grew more and more mature as he grew older. And he was so respected by his contemporary literary figures and the whole society that he became the uncrowned king of literature in London, the king‟s pensioned poet.After his death he was buried in the Poets‟ Corner of Westminster Abbey.Achievements: Every Man in His Humour his first comedy Volpone or the Fox(1606) 2nd comedySong to Celia: Drink to me only with thine eyes,And I will pledge with mine;Or leave a kiss but in the cup,And I‟ll not look for mine.The thirst that from the soul doth riseDoth ask a drink divine;But might I of Jove‟s nectar sup,I would not change for thine.I sent thee late a rosy wreath,Not so much honouring theeAs giving it a hope that thereIt could not wither‟d be;But thou thereon didst only br5eatheAnd sent‟st it back to me;Since when it grows, and smells, I swear,Not of itself but thee!This famous poem is written in ballad metre: that is, in alternate 8-syllable and 6-syllable lines of iambic meters and with alternate rhymes.Philip Sidney (1554-1586)He was very popular poet in his own time. He was educated at Oxford.Achievements: Apologie for Poetrie(1595) defends the noble nature of poetry and its moral value against Puritan criticism and elevates poetry as the supreme form of art that heps enrich and make nature.A good number of Sidney‟s poems appear in Arcadia(1593), his pastoral prose romance.108 sonnets and 11 songs establish his fame in English literature.King James’ Bible : containing the 2 main divisions of the Old Testament and the New one, first written in the Hebrew, Greek languages in the regions adjoining the eastern part of Mediterranean Sea by many writers of varied countries , and then translated into the modern English by 47 scholars‟ work.W. Shakespeare (1564-1616)I. Background knowledge about his education and life.He has been said to have the “Midas‟touch.”Whatever he happened to do turned out to be a great success. He excelled in the literary field characteristic of the age of English Renaissance---- poetry and drama.III.Questions concerning his works:1.What are the periods of Shakespeare‟s plays?2.When did Shakespeare write his main comedies? What did he tell us in theircomedies?3.When were Shakespeare‟s main tragedies written? What did he write in thetragedies/4.What do Shakespeare‟s historical plays reflect?5.What are the main features of Shakespeare?6.What …s the main idea of The merchant of Venice?7.What …s the theme of Hamlet?8.What do you learn about Romeo and Juliet?9.What‟s your opinion of the heroines in Shakespeare‟s works?IV.An analysis of some of Shakespeare‟s plays1.Shakespeare, as a child of English Renaissance, best exemplifies thezeitgeist of his time. All the best features of the age find adequateexpression in his works. These include the sense of individual worth,the feeling of freedom in thought and action, the ambition and thedynamic aggressiveness, the plentitude of talent and the excesses ofenergy, the pioneering spirit of adventure and the desire foraccomplishment, the daring to conquer and the exuberance to inventand innovate, the self-assurance, the vision, the insight, theperspicacity and , on top of these all, the emotional abandon withwhich Renaissance inspires all its writers.The most famous speech in Hamlet is the prince‟s soliloquy,” To be, or not to be.‟ Said to be the most famous soliloquy in the history of the theater, it discusses the attitude of a Renaissance humanist toward life and death. The speech comes a critical juncture in the drama when the truth about Claudius‟ murder is about to be confined with the staging of a play within the play. While waiting for the moment to come, his sense of anxiety drives Hamlet to think seriously about the existentialist condition of man. Is it worth it dying in the fight with evil? Or is ir better to settle for the passive accestance of the second best, i.e. to ignore evil and endure the pain and live on? He may die in his effort to remove evil and avenge the blood of his father. Death may be the way out of all the suffering of life, but is death the end of all? Is‟nt there more anguish and sorrow in the next world? Hamlet realizes that, though thought guides action, excessive thinking makes people cowardly and jeopardizes the chances of success of great undertakings. This self-warning portrays the Renaissance humanists as both men of thought and action. Instead of talking about suicide and evading commitment as some critics think, Hamlet is in fact spurring himself to action. This speech is vehement criticism of the ills of the time---its oppression and its variousother forms of injustices. What strike the audience most is the density of thought and the poetry of the language.Macbeth, or The Tragedy of Macbeth, another famous tragedy, has also received a good deal of critical attention over the centuries. It is based on the story of regicide that is said to have occurred in ancient Scottish history. Shakespeare got the subject from his reading of Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1577). As Shakespeare tells the story, Macbeth, having vanquished a rebellion and a foreign invasion, becomes ambitious enough to replace the weak King Duncan, his cousin. Encouraged by his wife Lady Macbeth, he murders the visiting monarch, and puts himself on the throne. He kills his fellow general Banquo in order to forestall a prophecy that Banquo‟s descendants may become future kings, and he removes many others to consolidate his power, thus alienating himself from his courtiers and people.Macbeth is now so anxious and high-strung that he cannot sleep well any more. Neither can his wife who, harassed by her guilt, sleepwalks, fast loses her sanity, and finally takes her own life. In the meantime, the English forces are invited in to help remove Macbeth and restore rule and order.Macbeth fights bravely, but dies.The characterization of Macbeth and his wife merits special analysis. Macbeth begins as a man of integrity, a pillar of his country, enjoying admiration and popularity. In view of a weakling king on the throne, he may have harbored an ambition of his own, but he would not have descended so low as to achieve his ends by killing his king, had he nit had Lady Macbeth to persuade him into doing it. He submits to her coercion, and oversteps the line between good and evil.That is when endless self-torment begins to prick his conscience so that he experiences sleepless nights and begins to admire the dead Duncan in his grave. The witches may be seen as an externalization of the complexity of his inner world. The first time the witches appear is when Macbeth is returning to a triumphant hero‟s welcome after his victories. The three women predict that he will be the king, but add that his companion‟s children will also be kings. This is in fact an objectification of Macbeth‟s hidden ambition and fear, that he wants to be the king but feels the threat from his fellow general---Banquo. The other occasion on which the witches surface is when they are sought by Macbeth. Their advice to him can again be construed as a mirror for Macbeth‟s inner soul: his fear lest Banquo‟s son should invite English intervention but at the same time he feels a dubious, qualified self-confidence. He represents the effect of sin and guilt upon the moral fiber of man: he ends with the tragic vision of human existence: Life is a tale/ Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,/ Signifying nothing.”The Merchant of Venice is another of Shakespeare‟s popular plays. As the story goes, young Bassanio, who needs money to win the hand of the rich young heiress—Portia, comes to Antonio, a merchant of Venice, for help.Antonio, as he has no ready cash, goes to Shylock, the Jewish usurer, who has been at odds with Antonio because of the competition and recail discrimination he has suffered at his hands. The Jew decides to loan the money but asks him to sign a bond which demands a pound of flesh from him in case he fails to pay in time. With the money Bassanio wins Portia, but Antonio is in trouble.。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（一）【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《英国⽂学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（⼀）【圣才出品】第⼆部分模拟试题吴伟仁《英国⽂学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（⼀）I. Fill in the blanks1. The fifteenth century has been traditionally described as the barren age in English literature. But it is the spring tide of English _______.【答案】ballads【解析】⼗五世纪英国歌谣开始兴起。
2. _______ is the representative among the writers of aestheticism and decadence. The Picture of Dorian Gray is a typical decadent novel written by him.【答案】Oscar Wilde【解析】奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）是19世纪末英国唯美派剧作家、诗⼈、⼩说家和⽂学批评家。
《道林·格雷的画像》（The Picture of Dorian Gray）是王尔德最出⾊的作品，最为详细地阐述了他的颓废主义思想。
3. Thomas Hardy’s novel _______tells a story about a poor villager’s love affairs with a married school mistress named Sue.【答案】Jude the Obscure【解析】《⽆名的裘德》讲述的是⼀个穷村妇爱上了⼀个已婚⼥教师的故事。
4. Cordelia is a character in ______.【答案】King Lear【解析】Cordelia是莎⼠⽐亚著名悲剧《李尔王》中的李尔王最⼩的⼥⼉。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙【圣才出品】第39章弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙39.1复习笔记Virginia Woolf(1882-1941)(弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫)1.Life(生平)Virginia Woolf was the daughter of Sir Leslie Stephen,the biographer,critic and editor of the Dictionary of National Biography.She was educated at home and in frequent contact with her father’s literary and political friends.After his father’s death in1904,she settled with her families in Bloomsbury,where she was a member of the Bloomsbury Group.In1912Virginia married Leonard Woolf,a journalist,essayist and political thinker.Together they founded the Hogarth Press in1917.From childhood she suffered from fits of nervous breakdown.Her husband encouraged her to write novels.Her house in London was bombed by Nazi planes during the Second World War.She fell into a spiritual depression and became ill again.In1941,after completing her last novel,Between the Acts,she drowned herself in a river for fear that she would lose her mind and became a burden to her husband.弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙是莱斯利·斯蒂芬爵士之女。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》模拟试题及详解(二)【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（二）I. Fill in the blanks1. The English Renaissance is a period during which ______ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.【答案】Thomas Wyatt【解析】在英国文艺复兴时期，Thomas Wyatt把彼得拉克式十四行诗引入英国。
2. T ess is seduced by a squire named Alec before she marries the clergyman’s son named ______.【答案】Angel Clare【解析】《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝在未嫁给安吉尔·克莱尔之前被埃里克诱奸，产下一子，幼儿不久便夭折。
3. After the ________ Conquest, feudal system was established in English society. 【答案】Norman【解析】诺曼征服后英国封建主义制度建立。
4. In The Canterbury T ales, from the character of ________, we may see a very vivid sketch of a woman of the middle class, and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer’s own day.【答案】the Wife of Bath【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》中，乔叟通过对来自中产阶级的巴斯夫人的生动细腻的描写，展示了当时中产阶级多彩的生活画卷。
5. “Wherefore, Bees of England, forge/Many a weapon, chain, and scou rge, /That these stingless drones may spoil/The forced produce of your toil?”In the above quotation taken from Shelley’s poem “A Song: Men of England”, what does the word “bees” refer to?A. ruling class in human societyB. the laboring people in EnglandC. English youthD. wives of the workers in England【答案】B【解析】“英格兰的工蜂”指的是广大劳动人民。
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》章节题库（含考研真题）（殖民地时期的美国文学）【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》章节题库（含考研真题）（殖民地时期的美国文学）【圣才出品】第一章殖民地时期的美国文学填空题1. The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of ______.【答案】England【解析】清教徒（Puritan），是指要求清除英国国教Church of England中天主教残余的改革派。
其字词于16世纪60年代开始使用，源于拉丁文的Purus，意为“清洁”。
2. The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was ______.【答案】American Puritanism【解析】美国文化源于清教文化，由清教徒移民时传入北美。
美国主流价值观都可以追溯到殖民地时期一统天下的清教主义，并且清教思想对美国文学有着根深蒂固的影响。
3. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the ______ values that dominated much of the early American writing.【答案】Puritan【解析】清教主义，起源于英国，在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。
清教徒强调艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约、虔诚和淡泊。
这些价值观也影响了早期的美国文学。
4. Many Puritans wrote verse, but the works of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and ______, rose to the level of real poetry.【答案】Edward T aylor【解析】美国殖民时期最著名的诗人是安·布莱德斯特和爱德华·泰勒。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-哥尔德史密斯【圣才出品】
第15章哥尔德史密斯15.1复习笔记Oliver Goldsmith(1730-1774)(奥里弗·哥尔德斯密斯)1.Life(生平)Oliver Goldsmith was born in Ireland,the son of a poor Anglican curate.He was early disfigured by smallpox and grew up with ugly face and ungraceful figure.In his early years,he was apparently stupid and idle.However,in1749,Goldsmith graduated from Trinity College in Dublin with a BA ter he was trained for medicine,but eventually drifted to be a hack writer for Monthly Review.Goldsmith was one of the most versatile authors,who became an accomplished essayist,poet,novelist,and playwright.奥利弗·哥尔德史密斯出生于爱尔兰，是一个贫困的英国国教乡村牧师之子。
他早年因得天花而残疾，面部丑陋，身形笨拙。
小时候他显然十分愚笨无用。
然而，1749年他从都柏林三一学院毕业，获得文学学士学位。
后来他又接受医学教育，但最终转行做了《每月评论》的雇佣写手。
哥尔德史密斯多才多艺，是颇有建树的散文家，诗人，小说家和剧作家。
2.Major Works(主要作品)The Citizen of the World(1762)《世界公民》The Traveller(1764)《旅游人》The Vicar of Wakefield(1766)《威克菲尔德牧师传》The Good-Natured Man(1768)《好心人》The Deserted Village(1770)《荒村》She Stoops to Conquer(1773)《屈身求爱》3.Selected Work(选读作品)◆The Vicar of Wakefield《威克菲尔德牧师传》thick and fast.The vicar loses his fortune and they have to move to a new place under the patronage of a certain squire Thornhill.Thornhill,being an immoral ruffian,seduces Olivia and then deserts her.The vicar himself is thrown into prison for debt to Thornhill.Sophia,the vicar’s second daughter,is forcibly carried off in a carriage by an unknown villain.By this time,Mr. Burchell,one of the vicar’s acquaintances,who appears to be a broken-down gentleman,saves Sophia.He makes it known to the Primrose family that he is squire Thornhill’s uncle.The squire’s villainy is exposed in front of his uncle.All now ends happily.Sir William marries Sophia.Olivia is found out and the squire is made to marry her.The vicar’s fortune is restored to him.故事由好心的乡村牧师普里姆罗斯本人讲述。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-约翰·弥尔顿【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-约翰·弥尔顿【圣才出品】第8章约翰·弥尔顿8.1复习笔记John Milton(1608-1674)(约翰·弥尔顿)1.Life(生平)John Milton was born into a pious wealthy Puritan family.He was greatly influenced by his father who loved books and had a private teacher for him.About12years old,Milton was sent to a famous boy’s school in London called St Paul’s;at15,he went to Cambridge University where he was said to be the finest scholar.Abandoning the thought of being a clergyman of the English Church,he retired to his father’s country house at Horton,writing poetry and studying hard. Later he traveled France,Switzerland and Italy where he heard that people’s struggle against the king might lead to war.After he returned to London,he wrote pamphlets opposing the monarchy and advocating people’s liberty.The commonwealth government gave Milton the important office of Secretary for Foreign Tongues.He worked hard and finally became blind.During the Restoration,he was thrown in prison and released by CharlesⅡ.He died on November8,1674surrounded by a few devoted friends.弥尔顿出生在富裕、虔诚的清教徒家庭。
英国文学史及选读试题及答案
英国文学史及选读试题Ⅰ. Multiple Choice（1′×20=20分）1.______ was respected as “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets ofEngland.Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. John Milton Donne2.In terms of influence upon England, ____ brought French civilization and French language toEngland.A. Anglo-SaxonsB. RomansC. Anglo-NormansD. T eutons3. According to Thomas More, “it was a time when sheep devoured men”. It refers to____.A. IndustrializationB. Religious ReformationC. Commercial ExpansionD. Enclosure Movement4. It was ____who introduced sonnet into English literature.A. Thomas WyattB. William ShakespeareC. Edmund SpenserD. Philip Sidney5. Which of the following is NOT Shakespeare’s tragedies?A. HamletB. King LearC. The Merchant of VeniceD. Othello6. In 1649 ____ was beheaded. England became a commonwealth under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.I B. Henry VIII C. Elizabeth I D. Charles I7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong?A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry.B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit.C. John Donne usually employs traditional and regular poetic form.D. His attitudes toward love are both positive and negative.8. Friday in The Adventuous of Robinson Crosue can be termed as EXCEPT____.A. a kind-hearted personB. a person with colonial mindC. a smart personD. a friendly person9. Thomas Gray is the representative of _____.A. SentimentalismB. Pre-RomanticismC. RomanticismD. English Renaissance10. William Blake’s ____is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world,though not without its evils and sufferings.Sketches B. The Book of Thel C. Songs of Experience D. Songs of Innocence11. ____, the national peasant poet in Scotland, and his poem____ shows his passionate love for his Beloved.Blake, Lodon B. William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a CloudC. Robert Burns, A Red, Red RoseD. Robert Burns, Auld Lang Syne12. English Romanticism begins with____ and ends with____.A. the publication of Lyrical Ballads, John Keats’s deathB. French Revolution, Walter Scott’s deathC. the publication of Lyrical Ballads, Walter Scott’s deathD. Industrialization, John Keats’s death13. ____ are named as Lake Poets and Escapist Romanticists.A. Wordsworth, Shelley and KeatsB. Wordsworth, Byron and ShelleyC. Wordsworth, Coleridge and ShelleyD. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey14. Which of the following statement is NOT correct?A. Romantic literature is decidely an age of poetry.B. Dramma was fully developed during the Romantic period.C. The general feature is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeoise society.D. Romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of nature plays animportant role in the pages of their works.15. ____ was the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middle class people and of which there are many fine examples in latter English fiction.A.Charlotte BronteB. Emily BronteC. Charles DickensD. Jane Austen16. King ____ broke off with the Pope, dissolved all the monasteries and abbeys in the country,which is known as Religious Reformation.A. Henry VIIB. Henry VIIIC. Mary I I17. ____ was honored as Poet Laureate.A. ByronB. P. B ShelleyC. John KeatsD. William Wordsworth18. John Milton’s Paradise Lost is based on the story of ____.A. Greek MythologyB. Roman MythologyC. Old TestamentD. New Testament19. The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties_____A. the Whigs and the ToriesB. the Senate and the House of RepresentativesC. the upper House and lower HouseD. the House of Lords and the House ofRepresentatives20.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”is an epigrammatic line by __.A. William WordsworthB. P. B. ShelleyC. George ByronD. John Keats Ⅱ. Translate the following literary terms (English into Chinese and Chinese into English) （1′×10=10分）1．iambic pentameter 2. heroic couplet 3. antagonist 4. soliloquy 5. sonnet6. 无韵体诗7. 民谣8. 伏笔, 铺垫9. 诗节10. 清教主义III. Identify the author and title of the literary work (2′×5=10分) long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.is not lost: the unconquerable will,And study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage never to submit or yield:And what is else not to be overcome?4. Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi’ the sun:I will love thee still, my dear,While the sands o’ life shall run.5. And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodilsIV. Define the following literary terms (Each term should include the time, the features and representative figures or significance) (5′×4=20分)1. English Renaissance2. English Enlightenment3. Pre-Romanticism4. Metaphysical PoetryV. Interpreting the following texts(20′×2=40分)Text 1The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me. (stanza 1)The breezy call of incense-breathing Morn,The swallow twittering from the straw-bulit shed,The cock’s shrill clarion, or the echoing horn,No more shall rouse them from their lowly bed. (stanza 5)Questions:1.Identify the author and the title of this poem (2分)2.Examine the poetic form (rhyme, foot and meter should be involved) (3分)3.Explain the underlined words (4分)4.What is the tone in stanza 1? How does the poet achieve it? (3分)5.Stanza 5 involoves rich imagery, please classify them and give examples. (6分)6.Point out the rhetorical devices in the above poem (2分)Text 2I wander through each chartered street,Near where the chartered Thames does flow,And mark in every face I meetMarks of weakness, marks of woe.In every cry of every man,In every infant's cry of fear,In every voice, in every ban,The mind-forged manacles I hear.How the chimney-sweeper's cryEvery blackening church appals;And the hapless soldier's sighRuns in blood down palace walls.Questions:1.Explain the underlined words. (5分)2.Identify the poetic form (3分)3.This poem is the mightiest brief poem, how does William Blake convey the mighty lines? (4分)4.Understand “chartered street and chartered Thames” and “Mind-forged manacles”? (4分)5.Please analyze the images of “Chimney-sweeper” and “soldier’s sigh”. (4分)英国文学史及作品选读（模拟试题一）参考答案Ⅰ. Multiple ChoiceⅡ. Translate the following literary terms (English into Chinese and Chinese into English)1.抑扬格五音步2. 英雄双韵体3.反面人物4.独白5.十四行verse 9. stanza 10. PuritanismIII. Identify the author and title of the literary work1. William Shakespeare Sonnet 182. Francis Bacon Of Studies3. John Milton Paradise Lost4. Robert Burns A Red, Red RoseWordsworth I Wandered Lonely as a CloudIV. Define the following literary terms (Each term should include the time, thefeatures and representative figures or significance)RenaissanceIt sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. It made its appearance in England in the 16th and 17th centuries. It means the rebirth of Greek and Roman culture. Two features are striking of this movement. The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. Another one is the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Humanism is the key-note of Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English Reanaissance.2. English EnlightenmentThe 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe, known as the Enlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempt to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual needs and requirements of people. English enlighteners differed in some way from those of France “cleared the minds of men for the coming revolution,” the English enlighteners set no revolutionary aims before them. They stove to bring it to an end by clearing away the feudal ideas with the bourgeois ideology. The representatives are Joseph Addison, Richard Steele (essayists), Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift (novelists), and Alexander Pope (poet).3. Pre-RomanticismIn the latter half of the 18th century, a new literary movement arose in Europe, called the Romantic Revival. It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewed interest in medieval literature. In England, this movement showed itself in the trend of Pre-Romanticism in poetry.William Blake and Robert Burns are the representatives.4. Metaphysical PoetryMetaphysical Poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wroteunder the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets try to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. They are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form. John Donne is the leading figure of the “metaphysical school.”V. Interpreting the following textsText 1Gray Elergy Written in a Country Churchyard2. Examine the poetic form (rhyme, foot and meter should be involved)ˇThe `cur/ˇfew `tolls/ ˇthe `knell/ ˇof `par/ˇting `day,/ aThe lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea, bThe plowman homeward plods his weary way, aAnd leaves the world to darkness and to me. bIt is written in iambic pentameter, rhymed abab3. Explain the underlined wordsCurfew: evening bell lea: meadow plods: walks with heavy steps lowly bed: grave is the tone in stanza 1? How does the poet achieve it?Tone: gloomy and melancony through imagery, long vowels and diphthongs5 involoves rich imagery, please classify them and give examples.Visual image: strw-built shedAuditory image: cock’s clarion, echoing hornTactile image: breezy callout the rhetorical devices in the above poemTransferred epithet and EuphemismText 26.Explain the underlined words.Chartered: possessed as the private property marks; signs ban: Prohibition Appals: shocks hapless: unfortunate7.Identify the poetic formIt is written in iambic tetrameter, rhymed abab.ˇI `wan/ˇder `through/ ˇeach `char/ˇtered `street,/ˇNear `where/ˇthe `char/ˇtered `Thames/ ˇdoes `flow/8.This poem is the mightiest brief poem, how does William Blake convey the mighty lines?Parallelism and repetition every is repeated five times in stanza 29.Understand “chartered street and chartered Thames” and “Mind-forged manacles”? chartered street and chartered Thames show the outlook of English bourgeoisie, their extreme greedMind-forged manacles mean that people under political white terror, they are bonded physically and mentally. They have no freedom in their mind.10.Please analyze the images of “Chimney-sweeper” and “soldier’s sigh”.Chimney-sweeper: to expose the hypocrisy of the churchSolider’s sigh: they are forced to fight for their country, but their blood runs along the palace wall.The war is full of cruelty. So they give the sigh。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)-章节题库(第四~五章)【圣才出品】
第四章英国启蒙运动阶段一、填空题1.The Graveyard Poets were a number of pre-Romantic English poets of the18th century characterized by their gloomy meditations on mortality in the context of the graveyard.A contemplative and mellow mood is achieved in the celebrated opening verse of Gray’s_____.【答案】Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard【解析】这首诗充满感伤情调，成为18世纪后期感伤主义诗歌的典范之作。
2.Swift is a master of_____,his satire is usually masked by an outward gravity andan apparent earnestness which renders his satire all the more powerful.【答案】satirist【解析】乔纳森·斯威夫特（1667—1745）是英国作家、政治家、讽刺文学大师，代表作品《格列夫游记》《一只桶的故事》。
3.It is simply for convenience that we study the18th century English literature in three main divisions:the region of_____,the revival of_____,and the beginning of _____.【答案】classicism;poetry;novel【解析】受启蒙运动的影响，18世纪英国文学出现新流派——新古典主义；18世纪后半期，前浪漫主义产生并逐渐取代新古典主义；小说产生于18世纪，并成为一个重要的文学体裁。
英国文学史及选读第一册复习题(文档良心出品)
History and Anthology of English LiteratureI Multiple Choices1. The story of _________ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales2. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in _________.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey3. Utopia was written in the form of _________.A. proseB. dramaC. essayD. dialogue4. _________ is the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andre MarvellD. Henry Vaughan5. _________ is not written by William Blake.A. The Marriage of Heaven and HellB. Songs of ExperienceC. Auld Lang SyneD. Poetical Sketches6. “Some book are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.This sentence is taken from _________.s Oliver TwistA. Swift’s A Modest Proposal B.Dickens’s Tom Jones D. Bacon’s Of StudiesC. Fielding’7. Which poet is not the “Lake Poet”？A. William WordsworthB. S. T. ColeridgeC. SoutheyD. Keats8. Generally，the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries，itsessence is _________.A. ScienceB. ArtsC. PhilosophyD. Humanism9. Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is thepopular literary form in _________.A. RomanticismB. RenaissanceC. medieval periodD. Anglo-Saxon period10. Gothic novels are mostly stories of ________, which take place in some haunted or dilapidatedMiddle Age castles.A. love and marriageB. sea adventuresC. mystery and horrorD. saints and martyrs11. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are _____.A. horses that are endowed with reasonB. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC. giants that are superior in wisdomD. hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only inappearance but also in some other ways—Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of ________.12. John Milton’s masterpieceA. rhymed stanzasB. blank verseC. alliterationD. sonnets13. Which of the following has / have associations with John Donne’s poetry?A. reason and sentimentB. conceits and witsC. the euphuismD. writing in the rhymed couplet14. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, itsessence is _______.A. scienceB. philosophyC. artsD. humanism15. The School for Scandal by Richard Brisley Sheridan has been regarded as the best _______since Shakespeare.A. tragedyB. proseC. comedyD. fableII Match( ) 1. Paradise Lost A. John Bunyan( ) 2. Tristram Shandy B. Oliver Goldsmith( ) 3. of Truth C. Geoffery Chaucer( ) 4. The Vicar of Wakefield D. Henry Fielding( ) 5. Canterbury Tales E. Jonathan Swift( ) 6. Tom Jones F. Samuel Richardson( ) 7. Gulliver’s Travels G. Edmund Spensers Progress H. Francis Bacon( ) 8. The Pilgrim’( ) 9. Pamela I. Laurence Sterne( )10. The Fairy Queen J. John MiltonIII Literary Terms (Choose Five of them to illustrate in English)1. Epic2. Romance3. Blank verse4. Sonnet5. Allegory6. Heroic couplet7. Comedy8. Tragedy9. Sentimentalism 10. EnlightenmentIV Poem Analysis(1)Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometimes declines,By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Questions:1. Who writes this poem? _____________________2. What type of this poem belongs to? _____________________A. SonnetB. BalladC. OdeD. Elegyodern English? _____________________3. What does “thee” mean in m4. What does “the eye of heaven” refer to? _____________________5. What’s the rhyme scheme of this poem? _____________________Try to give some examples.6. What’s the rhetorical devices used in this poem?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)O my luve 's like a red, red roseThat 's newly sprung in June:O my Luve 's like the melodieThat's sweetly play'd in tune!As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,So deep in luve am I:And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a' the seas gang dry:Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi' the sun;I will luve thee still, my dear,While the sands o' life shall run.And fare thee weel, my only Luve,And fare thee weel a while!And I will come again, my Luve,Though it were ten thousand mile.Questions:1. Who write this poem? _____________________2. What’s the title of this poem? _____________________3. What does the poet compare red rose to? _____________________4. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem? _____________________5. Illustrate the first stanza in English in your own words._____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________V Conclude the main story of the literary work and make your own comments.Directions: There are four literary works listed as follows. Choose two of them to write down the main idea and make some comments on them.1. Tome Jones2. Robinson Crusoe3. Hamlets Travels4. Gulliver’。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-约翰·高尔斯华绥【圣才出品】
第35章约翰·高尔斯华绥35.1复习笔记John Galsworthy(1867-1933)(约翰·高尔斯华绥)1.Life(生平)John Galsworthy was a prolific novelist,playwright and renowned social activist.He was born in a well-to-do bourgeois family.He was educated at Harrow and studied law at the University of Oxford and was called to the bar in1890,but practiced only for a short time.He traveled widely and at the age of twenty-eight began to write,at first for his own amusement.In 1905Galsworthy married the divorced wife of his cousin.His first stories were published under the pseudonym John Sinjohn and later were withdrawn.As a novelist Galsworthy is chiefly known for his The Forsyte Saga.Galsworthy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in1932“for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga.”约翰·高尔斯华绥是一位多产的小说家、剧作家和著名社会活动家。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-简·奥斯汀【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-简·奥斯汀【圣才出品】第24章简·奥斯汀24.1复习笔记Jane Austen(1775-1817)(简·奥斯丁)1.Life(生平)Jane Austen was the seventh child of Reverend George Austen,rector of Stevenson,and was born in the parsonage of the village in1775.She passed her life very quietly and cheerfully in doing small domestic duties in the countryside.She was educated at home and began to write at an early age.With the publisher she had little success.It was n ot until Walter Scott’s anonymous article full of admiration to Emma when Austen began to be known.Austen was a bright and attractive little woman,but she was averse to publicity and popularity.She died,quietly as she had lived,at Winchester in1817,and was buried in the cathedral.简·奥斯丁是乔治·奥斯丁，史蒂文森教区牧师的第七个孩子。
她在乡村琐碎的家庭事务中平静愉快地度过了一生。
她在家接受教育，很小就开始写作。
但是她的作品并没有受到出版方的重视。
2023年大学_《英国文学史及选读》(吴伟仁著)课后答案
2023年《英国文学史及选读》(吴伟仁著)课后答
案
《英国文学史及选读》(吴伟仁著)内容简介
PART I THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD
Beowulf
PART II THE ANGLO-NORMAN PERIOD
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
PART III GEOFFREY CHAUCER
The Canterbury Tales
(General Prologue)
Popular Ballads
Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale
Get Up and Bar the Door
Sir Patrick Spens
PART IV THE RENAISSANCE
PART V THE 17TH CENTURY
PART VI THE 18TH CENTURY
《英国文学史及选读》(吴伟仁著)目录
本书是作者根据英国文学历史的`顺序结合作品选读所编写的一套适合我国高等教院校英语专业使用的教材。
由于课时有限，历史部分只作了简明扼要的概述，作品选读部分，尽可能遴选了文学史上的重要作家和重要作品。
这部“史”、“选”结合的教材，分为两册出版，第一册是古代至18世纪英国文学，第二册是19划纪至20世纪英国文学。
教材内容丰富，观点正确，选文具有代表性，可作高校外文系英语专业英国文学史和文学作品选读课程的课本或参考书，也是广大中学英语教师及具有一定程度的英语自学者和英美文学爱好者进修的理想读物。
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（一）【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《美国⽂学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（⼀）【圣才出品】第⼀章吴伟仁《美国⽂学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（⼀）I. Fill in the blanks1. ______, by Ezra Pound, employs the complex association of scholarly lore, anthropology, modern history and personages, private history and Witticism, and obscure literary interpolations in various languages.【答案】The Cantos【解析】庞德的《诗章》包罗万象，是庞德的代表作。
2. ______ was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. 【答案】Washington Irving【解析】华盛顿·欧⽂是美国著名作家，他被誉为美国第⼀位浪漫主义散⽂⽂体作家。
3. The protagonist of Theodore Dreiser’s Trilogy of Desire is ______.【答案】Frank Cowperwood【解析】西奥多·德莱塞的《欲望三部曲》（Trilogy of Desire）包括《⾦融家》（The Financier），《巨⼈》（The Titan），《斯多葛》（The Stoic）。
《欲望三部曲》的主⼈公是法兰克·柯帕乌（Frank Cowperwood）。
4. The great work ______ not only demonstrates Emersonian ideas of self-reliance but also develops and tests Thoreau’s own transcendental philosophy.【答案】Self-Reliance【解析】富兰克林的《论⾃⽴》不仅表现了爱默⽣关于⾃⽴的思想，同时也表达了他的超验主义思想。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库(含名校考研真题)-第二章 盎格鲁-诺尔曼时期【圣才出品
第二章盎格鲁-诺尔曼时期填空题1. ________ conquered England on October 14, 1066. From then on began the medieval period. （南开大学2008研）【答案】Duke of Normandy【解析】公元1066年，诺曼底公爵，或者叫William, the Conqueror（征服者威廉），占领英格兰，从此开始了中世纪时期。
2. In the year 1066, the Normans defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the battle of ________.【答案】Hastings【解析】1066年黑斯廷之战，盎格鲁-撒克逊人溃败，诺曼征服开始。
3. After the _______ Conquest, feudal system was established in English society. 【答案】Norman【解析】诺曼征服后英国封建主义制度建立。
4. In the year 1066, the Normans defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the battle of _______. 【答案】Hastings【解析】1066年黑斯廷之战盎格鲁-撒克逊人溃败，诺曼征服开始。
5. By the time when England entered into feudal society, the society was divided into two classes: _______ and _______.【答案】landlords; peasants【解析】英国进入封建社会后社会分为地主和农民两大阶级。
选择题1. In 1066, _______, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius【答案】A【解析】1066年征服者威廉率领他的诺曼底军队打败英军成为英伦三岛的统治者。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库(含名校考研真题)-第九章 二十世纪英国文学【圣才出品】
第九章二十世纪英国文学填空题1. _____ is the representative among the writers of aestheticism and decadence. The Picture of Dorian Gray is a typical decadent novel written by him.【答案】Oscar Wilde【解析】奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）是19世纪末英国唯美派剧作家、诗人、小说家和文学批评家。
《道林·格雷的画像》（The Picture of Dorian Gray）是王尔德最出色的作品，最为详细地阐述了他的颓废主义思想。
2. The Happy Prince and Other T ales and The House of Pomegranates are two collections of _____ written by Oscar Wilde.【答案】children’s stories【解析】《快乐王子及其他故事》（The Happy Prince and Other T ales）和《石榴屋童话集》（The House of Pomegranates）是英国作家奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）创作的童话故事集。
3. The Importance of Being Earnest, which mercilessly exposes the hypocrisy of the upper society in Victorian England, is _____’s masterpiece in drama.【答案】Oscar Wilde【解析】《认真的重要性》（The Importance of Being Earnest）是奥斯卡·王尔德的代表性剧作。
剧本通过俏皮的对话对维多利亚时期的英国上流社会的虚伪、腐败进行了无情的批判。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
第二部分模拟试题吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（一）I. Fill in the blanks1. The fifteenth century has been traditionally described as the barren age in English literature. But it is the spring tide of English _______.【答案】ballads【解析】十五世纪英国歌谣开始兴起。
2. _______ is the representative among the writers of aestheticism and decadence. The Picture of Dorian Gray is a typical decadent novel written by him.【答案】Oscar Wilde【解析】奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）是19世纪末英国唯美派剧作家、诗人、小说家和文学批评家。
《道林·格雷的画像》（The Picture of Dorian Gray）是王尔德最出色的作品，最为详细地阐述了他的颓废主义思想。
3. Thomas Hardy’s novel _______tells a story about a poor villager’s love affairs with a married school mistress named Sue.【答案】Jude the Obscure【解析】《无名的裘德》讲述的是一个穷村妇爱上了一个已婚女教师的故事。
4. Cordelia is a character in ______.【答案】King Lear【解析】Cordelia是莎士比亚著名悲剧《李尔王》中的李尔王最小的女儿。
5. Emma was written by .【答案】Jane Austen【解析】《爱玛》是简·奥斯汀较有影响的一部长篇小说。
II. Multiple Choice1. _______ creative work vividly reflected the changes which had taken root in English culture of the second half of the 14th century.A. Chaucer’sB. Byron’sC. Shelley’sD. Eliot’s【答案】A【解析】乔叟的作品栩栩如生地反映了14世纪下半叶英国文化发生的变化。
2. “Marriage of Heaven and Hell” was written by .A. Robert BurnsB. Christopher MarlowC. Thomas PercyD. William Blake【答案】D【解析】《天堂与地狱的婚礼》是英国前浪漫主义诗人布莱克的著名诗歌。
3. “Denmark is a prison.” In which play does the hero summarize his observation of his world into such a bitter sentence?A. Charles IB. OthelloC. Henry VIIID. Hamlet【答案】D【解析】《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚著名的四大悲剧之一，丹麦王子哈姆雷特目睹了国家统治阶级的残暴与黑暗，人民生活在水深火热之中，由此感慨道：“丹麦就是一座监狱。
”4.During the 1950s，there appeared a group of young writers in Britain who were fiercely critical of the established order. They were called _______.A. Angry Young FellowsB. Critical Young WritersC. Angry Young MenD. Cynical Young Writers【答案】C【解析】“Angry Young Men”来自于John Osborne的戏剧Look Back in Anger, 属于这一群体的还有Kingsley Amis, John Wain, John Braine, Alan Sillitoe. 他们大多来自工人或低中等阶层，作品主要显示了生活的艰辛和黑暗，揭露了上层阶级的虚伪。
5. The epic of Paradise Lost is based on the stories from ______.A. The New TestamentB. The Old TestamentC. The Ancient Greek MythsD. The Ancient Roman Myths【答案】B【解析】《失乐园》的故事取材于《圣经·旧约》Genesis 3:1-24。
III. Explain the following term1.blank verse【答案】Blank verse:Blank verse is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme. In English, the meter most commonly used with blank verse has been iambic pentameter （as used in Shakespearean plays）. The first known use of blank verse in the English language was by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. Christopher Marlowe was the first English author to make full use of the potential of blank verse, and also established it as the dominant verse form for English drama in the age of Elizabeth I and James I. The major achievements in English blank verse were made by William Shakespeare, who wrote much of the content of his plays in unrhymed iambic pentameter, and Milton, whose ParadiseLost was written in blank verse.2. English Enlightenment【答案】English Enlightenment：With the advent of the 18th century in England, there sprang into life a progressive intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The enlighteners held the common faith in human rationality, eternal justice and natural equality. The great enlighteners in Britain were those great writers like Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison, Jonathan Swift and Samuel Johnson.IV. Read the following quotations and answer the questionsPassage 1“What now?” said Catherine, leaning back, and returning his look with a suddenly clouded brow—her humor was a mere vane for constantly varying caprices. “You and Edgar have broken my heart, Heathcliff! A nd you both come to bewail the deed to me, as if you were the people to be pitied! I shall not pity you, not I. You have killed me—thriven on it, I think. How strong you are! How many years do you mean to live after I am gone?”Heathcliff had knelt on one knee to embrace her; he attempted to rise, but she seized his hair, and kept him down.“I wish I could hold you,” she continued, bitterly, “till we were both dead! I shouldn’t care what you suffered. I care nothing for your sufferings. Whyshouldn’t you su ffer? I do! Will you forget me—will you be happy when I am in the earth? Will you say twenty years hence, That’s the grave of Catherine Earnshaw. I loved her long ago, and was wretched to lose her; but it is past. I’ve loved many others since—my children are dearer to me than she was, and, at death, I shall not rejoice that I am going to her, I shall be sorry that I must leave them!’ Will you say so, Heathcliff?.”“Don’t torture me till I’m as mad as yourself,” cried he, wrenching his head free, and grinding his teeth.Questions:1. Where is it taken from?【答案】It is taken from Emily Bronte’s masterpiece, Wuthering Heights.2. Analyze the character of Heathcliff briefly.【答案】①Heathcliff is a very complicated figure and his character undergo a significant change. At first, he is a passionate and innocent figure that deserves the readers’ sympathy. He is a lonely waif and he is maltreated by Hindley, jeered at by the Lintons, betrayed by Catherine, and tormented by the unobtainable love. ②After Catherine’s betrayal, he becomes rebellious, malicious and fascinates with his mad, heartless and almost inhuman revenge on all those around, whether responsible or not for his suffering. This reflects that revenge is destructive to both the avenger and the revenged.。