SECTION在地质数字化制图中的应用

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doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-358X.2012.04.012
SECTION在地质数字化制图中的应用
东海宇
(甘肃有色地质勘查局四队,甘肃张掖734012)
摘要:SECTION软件是在MAPGIS6.7的基础上二次开发的,主要以满足地质制图为目的,使用该软件可以轻松制作例如地形地质图、勘探线剖面图、钻孔柱状图、中段平面图等各种地质图件。

数字化制图主要以数据为基础进行制图,与以往扫描矢量化制图相比,精度高,中间环节和配备人员少,效率大大提高。

关键词:SECTION软件;地质数字化制图;应用
中图分类号:P209文献标识码:B文章编号:1001-358X(2012)04-0035-02
1引言
地勘单位以往使用MAPGIS软件进行地质制图都是野外在厘米方格纸上用铅笔绘制,再扫描矢量化成图,一张图件的完成是包括地质、测量、图文中心等部门人员共同参与的成果,因此出现参与人员多,时间周期长,地质界线等绘制不准确,浪费大等问题。

SECTION软件是福建省闽西地质大队和厦门闽矿科技有限公司地质勘察院在MAPGIS6.7的基础上二次开发的,主要以满足地质制图为目的,使用该软件可以轻松制作例如地形地质图、勘探线剖面图、钻孔柱状图、坑道中段平面图等各种地质图件,与以往扫描矢量化制图相比数字化制图以数据为基础进行制图,以下为使用SECTION软件制作各种图件的思路及方法。

2使用SECTION软件制作地质图件
2.1使用SECTION软件制作地形地质图
区域地形地质图的比例尺有1ʒ50000,1ʒ200000,这类小比例尺地形地质图一般采用1ʒ50000地形图为地理底图进行编绘,而地质详查阶段的地形地质图比例尺一般为1ʒ2000,底图都是以测量人员测制的地形图为基础,测量人员测制的地形图由CAD格式转换成MAPGIS格式后,得到在MAPGIS格式下的1ʒ2000图件。

地质技术人员在野外实地测量的地质点的坐标,在EXCEL表格中编辑好,最好新建一个地质点图层,使用“SECTION软件/辅助工具/表格数据投影”功能按照1ʒ2000比例尺把地质点坐标投影展绘到地质点图层中,只要地质技术人员在野外把地质点的点号以及相关内容记录清楚,内业就可以在投影展绘的地质点图层中根据点号画出地质界线,填充地质年代及岩性区域。

2.2使用SECTION软件制作勘探线剖面图
勘探线剖面图的制作一般为实地测量勘探线成图和地形图上勘探线图切剖面成图两种,以下主要介绍在地形图上图切剖面成图的方法。

由CAD转换成MAPGIS格式的1ʒ2000图件,首先使用“剖面图/自动赋高程”功能对等高线进行赋值,然后是读取地形数据,有4种方法:拉线读取数据、定点读取地形数据、选择线读取、选折线读取,这里选择“拉线读取数据”,沿着勘探线画一条直线,出现“选择属性字段”对话框,选择“高程值”确定即可,会出现“存储地形数据成功”提示,选择“剖面图/图切剖面”功能,就生成该勘探线的剖面图了,见图1勘探线的剖面图,重命名保存即可。

图1勘探线剖面图
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2.3使用SECTION软件制作钻孔柱状图
钻孔柱状图的制作的步骤为:1、新建矿区;2、钻孔基本信息输入;3、地质编录(见图2地质信息输入图);4、地层信息输入;5、在SECTION软件中新建文件,右键“设置表头/读取表头”,按照实际修改表头后保存关闭;6、新建文件后“连接数据源”连接前面输入的钻孔、地质、地层信息数据源;7、打开“柱状图/自定义钻孔/稀土矿柱状图(宁化稀土矿专用)”,在“钻孔选择对话框”中选择相关信息,确定后即可生成钻孔柱状图,(见图3钻孔柱状图)。

图2地质信息输入图
图3钻孔柱状图
2.4使用SECTION软件制作坑道中段平面图
坑道中段平面图主要是勘探线、采样位置、采样品位、坑道导线点和坑道导线等元素构成,坑道中段平面图比例尺一般为1ʒ1000,故先使用“SECTION软件/辅助工具/表格数据投影”功能按照1ʒ1000比例尺把坑道导线点坐标投影展绘到坑道导线点图层中,然后画出坑道中线,由中线分别坑道宽度的一半距离分别向两边偏移造出坑道边界线;勘探线的绘制可采用坐标展点功能把勘探线两端点展绘到图上,再连接两端点,也可使用“辅助工具/绘制勘探线”功能根据比例尺、勘探线方位、长度、间距、条数、起始线号、线号增量等设置批量画出;采样位置可据实际坐标或者相对坑道导线点的距离方位画出,采样编号以及品位最好事先在EXCEL中编辑好,使用“SECTION软件/辅助工具/EXCEL功能/EXCEL→MAPGIS”功能把品位表插入到坑道中段平面图中,调整版面大小,添加坐标网、图例和图签即可。

3结语
SECTION软件主要以满足地质制图为目的,一些地质技术人员及测量人员对MAPGIS坐标系统及比例尺不是很熟悉,SECTION软件弥补了这一不足,使用者可先设置比例尺,图上坐标和实际坐标在软件下方显示,据野外采集的数据使用坐标展点功能、极坐标法以及软件下方显示的实际坐标可以直接进行数字化制图,使用该软件可以轻松制作例如地形地质图、勘探线剖面图、钻孔柱状图、(下转第39页)
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按照方案里要求的比例尺进行设计。

2.2.4图面整饰
图面整饰要求尽量美观,各标注要素之间最好不要出现压盖的现象。

但是在变更图斑层标注“DLBM”时,常常出现标注压盖的现象,对于这种情况要进行整饰,把标注转成注记的形式,这样就可以转后的注记进行修改、移动等。

(1)标注转注记
地图标注(Label)的显示可通过Label Manager 统一管理,在数据框上点击右键,在Labeling菜单中选择Label Manager即可显示标注管理对话框。

La-bel是地图的动态标注,如果要让动态Label成为固定比例尺下的地图标注,必须将Label在一定比例尺下转换为Annotation(注记),Annotation才是固定比例尺下的地图静态标注。

Label到Annotation转换过程如下:先将地图显示比例尺定义到地图出图比例尺,例如1:5000000,在需要转注记的图层下点击鼠标右键,在出现的菜单中选择“Convert Labelsto An-notation”,然后在Convert Labels to Annotation对话框中选择将Annotation保存到数据库中,系统会在数据库中创建一个地图注记类,将地图注记保存下来。

地图注记保存到数据库后,就可以对地图注记进行编辑了,可以调整注记位置避免不同图层注记的压盖;可以修改注记文字的字体或大小,让注记文字大小比例与整幅地图协调等;还可以通过注记编辑工具的右键菜单让注记沿地图要素标注。

注记编辑工具通过View Toolbar的Annotation打开。

因Annota-tion是在数据库下编辑,所以编辑速度较慢。

(2)添加图外要素
图外要素就是图名、图例、比例尺等地图元素(Element),图外要素添加在地图布局视图中完成,而不是在数据视图中完成,因此添加图外要素前需要通过View菜单下的Layout View将地图视图切换到布局视图。

图外要素添加通过Insert菜单中的Ti-tle(加图名)、Legend(图例)、North Arrow(指北针)、Scale Bar(比例尺)等完成。

对于图例,在作业过程中,可按照方案要求在PhotoShop中做好存储为图片的格式。

在ArcMap设计的时候,可直接引入之前做好的图片格式图例。

以上设计完成后,保存成地图模板,以便以后备用。

(3)输出疑问图斑分布图
3结语
用ARCGIS软件进行1ʒ10000标准分幅出图,结合ARCGIS软件本身的优点,能够更直接、便捷的完成疑问图斑出图,从而较好的提高工作效率。

参考文献:
[1]汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
作者简介:张亮(1979-),男,河北三河人,工程师。

2003年7月毕业于河北理工大学,主要从事土地调查、航空摄影测量、工程测量等工作。

(收稿日期:2012-06-05
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(上接第36页)
坑道中段平面图等各种地质图件。

地质数字化制图就是以数据为核心、以数据为根本、以数据为基础的制图,打破以往先在纸质图上绘图后扫面矢量化的模式,过去一张图件的完成是包括地质、测量、图文中心等部门人员共同参与的成果,而如今地质数字化制图则完全由地质技术人员完成,图文中心的作用大大减弱甚至被取代,可预知在不久的四至五年时间,随着地勘单位企业化改革步伐的推进,地质数字化制图将带来人员不断减少,效率不断提高的局面。

参考文献:
[1]吴信才.MAPGIS地理信系系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[2]黄国云,谢明德,MAPGIS在地质制图中的应用[J].矿山测量.2011(5):21-22.
作者简介:东海宇(1982-),男,甘肃敦煌人,2006年毕业于长安大学地球科学与国土资源学院,学士学位,现在甘肃有色地质勘查局四队测量公司工作,测绘工程师,一直从事GPS、GIS、数字化制图、数据处理、图形处理工作。

(收稿日期:2011-12-08)
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第4期张亮等:基于ARCGIS软件的土地变更调查核查疑问图斑出图2012年8月
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